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![Iterative, interactive process
• Drawings are parsed into an
internal representation
• Recognition of spatial relations
(reified as associations)
• Meta-model induction
MetaBup tool
(http://miso.es/tools/metaBUP.html)
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DSLs BY EXAMPLE
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:A :C
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A B
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[a,b] A B
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[min(a,1),b]
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existing
meta-model
resulting
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is processed
fragment
López-Fernández, Sánchez Cuadrado,
Guerra, de Lara. Example-driven meta-
model development. SoSyM 14(4):
1323-1347 (2015)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misotoronto-171005211626/75/Miso-21-2048.jpg)
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Miso
This document provides an overview of the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) research activities at the MISO group at the Autonomous University of Madrid. The MISO group conducts research in (meta-)modeling, domain-specific languages, and model transformations. Their work includes multi-level modeling, a-posteriori typing, modeling through social networks, active DSLs, transformation analysis, and techniques for improving the reusability of model transformations.
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- 1. AN OVERVIEW OFMDE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE MISO GROUP Computer Science Department Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) http://miso.es @miso_uam Esther Guerra, Juan de Lara
- 2. WHERE WE COMEFROM 2
- 3. THE AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OFMADRID 3 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid • Established in 1968 • North part of Madrid (campus Cantoblanco) • One of the top universities in Spain • >30000 students • “Excellence” campus with CSIC (Spanish Research Council) Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering • Created in 1992 • 96 full time professors • Joint diploma Comp.Sci.-Maths
- 4. THE MISO GROUP Modellingand Software Engineering Research Group Professors: • Juan de Lara, PhD • Esther Guerra, PhD • Elena Gómez, PhD Researchers: • Jesús Sánchez, PhD (external) • Jesús Juan López, PhD (external) • Antonio Garmendia (FPI) • Pablo Gómez (research associate) • Mario González (research associate) • Ángel Mora (FPU) • Javier Palomares (research associate) • Sara Pérez (research associate) • Santiago Jácome (U. Fuerzas Armadas, Ecuador) 4 http://miso.es
- 5. OUR RESEARCH: MODEL DRIVENENGINEERING Domain-Specific Languages Model-Transformations (Meta-)Modelling Flexibility Scalability Reuse Mobile apps Open data Social networks Streaming data applications 5 AreasConcernsApplications
- 6. SOME BITS OFOUR RESEARCH FOR TODAY (Meta-)Modelling • Multi-level modelling • A-posteriori typing • Modelling through social networks Domain-Specific Languages • Active DSLs • DSLs by example Transformations • Verification • Reuse 6
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- 8. MULTI-LEVEL MODELLING (1/2) 8 Usingmore than two meta-levels at the same time Reduces accidental complexity Potency to characterize instances beyond the immediate meta-level below ProductType@2 VAT@1: double price: double Book: ProductType VAT=18.0 price=10.0 mobyDick: Book vs (class Product becomes useless: accidental complexity) Atkinson, Kühne. 2002. Rearchitecting the UML infrastructure. ACM Tr. Model. Comput. Simul. 12, 4 (2002), 290–321.
- 9. MULTI-LEVEL MODELLING (2/2) Tooling •MetaDepth (http://metadepth.org) • Textual modelling, command-line • Integrated with the Epsilon model management languages Relevance in practice • Patterns whose occurrence signal a “multi-level” smell • Analysis of OMG standards, meta-model repositories (400+ MMs) • Pervasive in some domains (sw architecture, enterprise/process modelling) • Relatively frequent in OMG specifications (over 35%) 9 de Lara, Guerra. Deep Meta-modelling with MetaDepth. TOOLS (48) 2010: 1-20 de Lara, Guerra, Sánchez Cuadrado. When and How to Use Multilevel Modelling. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 24(2): 12:1-12:46 (2014) Model Ecommerce@2{ Node ProductType { VAT@1: double; price: double; }
- 10. Constructive typing • Creationof objects and classification are inseparable Lacks flexibility • Objects cannot change their type at run-time (and retain its identity) Hinders reuse • An operation defined for a meta-model cannot be used for another one APOSTERIORI TYPING 10 Task start: Date duration: int review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=30 creation «instance of» Tasks meta-model model
- 11. Constructive typing • Creationof objects and classification are inseparable Lacks flexibility • Objects cannot change their type at run-time (and retain its identity) Hinders reuse • An operation defined for a meta-model cannot be used for another one APOSTERIORI TYPING 11 review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=10 model Task start: Date duration: int review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=30 creation «instance of» Tasks meta-model model
- 12. Constructive typing • Creationof objects and classification are inseparable Lacks flexibility • Objects cannot change their type at run-time (and retain its identity) Hinders reuse • An operation defined for a meta-model cannot be used for another one APOSTERIORI TYPING 12 Task start: Date duration: int review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=30 creation «instance of» Tasks meta-model model review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=0 model
- 13. Constructive typing • Creationof objects and classification are inseparable Lacks flexibility • Objects cannot change their type at run-time (and retain its identity) Hinders reuse • An operation defined for a meta-model cannot be used for another one A POSTERIORI TYPING 13 Task start: Date duration: int review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=30 creation «instance of» Tasks meta-model model review: Milestone start= 8/5/15 duration=0 model
- 14. Constructive typing • Creationof objects and classification are inseparable Lacks flexibility • Objects cannot change their type at run-time (and retain its identity) Hinders reuse • An operation defined for a meta-model cannot be used for another one A POSTERIORI TYPING 14 Task start: Date duration: int review: Task start= 8/5/15 duration=30 creation «instance of» Tasks meta-model model Measurable quantity: int Measuring MM review: Milestone start= 8/5/15 duration=0 model
- 15. AP TYPING MOTIVATION: REUSE 15 Measurable quantity:int Schedulable date: Date review: Task Scheduling MM Measuring MM model «instance of» «instance of» start= 8/5/15 duration= 30 name= “rev” «Schedulable,Measurable» * * res Task start: Date duration: int name: String Resource Person owner assigned 1..* creation meta-model role meta-models creation «instance of» a-posteriori typingcreation typing operation typing of operation applicable to
- 16. 16 AP TYPING MOTIVATION: FLEXIBLEREUSE *topics * * res Task start: Date duration: int name: String Tasks meta-model (constructive types) Resource Person owner assigned 1..* 1..* 0..3 reviewsArticle title: String Conference meta-model (dynamic types) Reviewer Authorauthors Topic desc: String «Author» p2: Person «Reviewer» p1: Person «Article» r: Resource :owner t1:Task start: 8/5/15 duration: 30 name: “rev” :res :assigned «Author,Reviewer» p2: Person «Reviewer» p1: Person «Article» r: Resource :owner t1:Task start: 8/5/15 duration: 30 name: “rev” :res :assigned «Author» p3: Person «Article» s: Resource :owner t2:Task start: 9/5/15 duration: 30 name: “rev” :res :assigned the model changes and gets retyped creation «instance of» model • A Person (constructive type) is only a Reviewer (a posteriori type) when some condition is met.
- 17. A more flexibletyping mechanism for MDE Decouple instantiation from classification • Interfaces, Roles in role-based programming languages Allow dynamic typing and multiple classifiers for objects Type and instance-level reclassification specifications • Transformation by reclassification • Flexible reuse of model management operations Prototype implementation in our MetaDepth tool APOSTERIORI TYPING: CONTRIBUTIONS 17 de Lara, Guerra. A Posteriori Typing for Model-Driven Engineering: Concepts, Analysis, and Applications. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 25(4): 31:1-31:60 (2017)
- 18. MODELLING THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKS Increasinguse of social networks • Telegram, Twitter Use them for collaborative modelling • Chatbot • Interprets natural language • Creates a meta-model automatically 18 https://saraperezsoler.github.io/ ModellingBot/ Perez-Soler, Guerra, de Lara, Jurado. The Rise of the (Modelling) Bots: Towards Assisted Modelling via Social Networks. Proc ASE’2017. Perez-Soler, Guerra, de Lara. Assisted modelling over social networks with SOCIO. Tool demo at MODELS’17.
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- 20. DSLs BY EXAMPLE Away to make meta-modelling/DSLs development more accesible • Domain experts • Foster their active participation in DSL development 20
- 21. Iterative, interactive process •Drawings are parsed into an internal representation • Recognition of spatial relations (reified as associations) • Meta-model induction MetaBup tool (http://miso.es/tools/metaBUP.html) 21 DSLs BY EXAMPLE :A :C r A B r [a,b] A B r [min(a,1),b] C BC existing meta-model resulting meta-model new fragment is processed fragment :A :C r A B r [a,b] A B r [min(a,1),b] C BC existing meta-model resulting meta-model new fragment is processed fragment López-Fernández, Sánchez Cuadrado, Guerra, de Lara. Example-driven meta- model development. SoSyM 14(4): 1323-1347 (2015)
- 22. ACTIVE DSLs Move beyondcurrent scenarios for DSL use today • Use in mobility • Geolocation • Context awareness • Collaboration • External interaction New kinds of DSLs • Geo, Open, Contextual, Active DSL-Comet • Modelling iOS devices&Eclipse • Available at app store 22 Vaquero, Palomares, Guerra, de Lara. Active DSLs: making every mobile user a modeller. Proc. MODELS’2017. https://diagrameditorserver.herokuapp.com/
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- 24. TRANSFORMATION ANALYSIS 24 J. SánchezCuadrado, E. Guerra, J. de Lara. Static analysis of model transformations. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 43(9): 868-897 (2017)
- 25. TRANSFORMATION ANALYSIS BY ADVANCINGCONSTRAINTS 25 Combined with constraint solving • Ensure strong executability • Characterize classes of target models • Contract-based transformation development • Property-based testing • Bi-directional transformations J. Sánchez Cuadrado, E. Guerra, J. de Lara, R. Clariso, J. Cabot. Translating target to source constraints in model-to-model transformations. Proc. IEEE/ACM MODELS’2017.
- 26. CORRECTNESS ANALYSIS: SATISFACTION OFTARGET CONSTRAINTS 26 Is there some Factory model, whose equivalent Petri net violates constraint boundedTok? module factory2pn; create OUT : PN from IN : FAC; rule Factory2PN2 { from f :FAC!Factory(f.capacity<=0) to pn : PN!PetriNet ( elems <- f.conveyors-> union(f.machines), bound <- 1 ) }… ATL Transformation
- 27. Yes (bound=1) 27 CORRECTNESS ANALYSIS: SATISFACTIONOF TARGET CONSTRAINTS
- 28. CHARACTERIZE CLASSES OF TARGETMODELS 28 Is there some Factory model, whose equivalent Petri net is of type state machine? ATL
- 29. 29 Is there someFactory model, whose equivalent Petri net is of type state machine? ATL Transition.allInstances()->forAll(t | TPArc.allInstances()->one(arc | arc.input = t) and PTArc.allInstances()->one(arc | arc.output = t)) CHARACTERIZE CLASSES OF TARGET MODELS
- 30. Yes (bound =2) 30 CHARACTERIZE CLASSES OF TARGET MODELS Moreover, we obtain an OCL condition characterizing the class of Factory models leading to state machine Petri nets
- 31. REUSABILITY: CONCEPTS 31 Taking ideas ofgeneric programming Source Concept Generic M2M transf. (template) from to Concrete source MM binding Instantiated M2M transf. from to instantiation1 Source model conforms Target model 2 conforms execution Definition Instantiation Execution Concrete target MM binding1 Target Concept
- 32. REUSABILITY: CONCEPTS 32 rule class2jclass { fromclass : OO!Class to jclass : Java!JavaClass ( name <- class.name, extends <- class.superclasses.first() ) } rule attribute2field { from att : OO!Attribute to field : Java!Field ( name <- att.name, owner <- att.owner, isPublic <- att.isPublic ) } JavaClass name : String extends Domain to: meta-model owner * name : String isPublic : boolean Field Class name : String superclasses * Domain from: concept owner * name : String isPublic : boolean Attribute Binding of concept: generic transformation (template) Class Component Class.name Component.name Class.superclasses Component.parents Attribute Property Attribute.name Property.name Attribute.isPublic Property.public Attribute.owner Property.cprop Component parents * cprop * public : boolean readonly: boolean Property Port in : boolean out: boolean * the transformation can be applied to instances of the Components meta-model Domain from: meta-model Components name : String NamedElement cport Sánchez Cuadrado, Guerra, de Lara. A Component Model for Model Transformations. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 40(11): 1042-1060 (2014) de Lara, Guerra. Towards the flexible reuse of model transformations: A formal approach based on graph transformation. J. Log. Algebr. Meth. Program. 83(5-6): 427-458 (2014)
- 33. REUSABILITY: REQUIREMENT MODELS Typing requirementmodels (TRMs) • Models that describe requirements for meta-models (DRMs) • Extracted from model-to-model transformations • Compatibility model (+DRM=TRM) • Conformance notion from meta- models to TRMs DRMs • Characterize sets of meta-models • Named, Anonymous classes • Uncertainty in cardinalities, fields 33 de Lara, di Rocco, di Ruscio, Guerra, Iovino, Pierantonio, Sánchez Cuadrado. Reusing Model Transformations Through Typing Requirements Models. FASE 2017: 264-282
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