This document discusses misarticulation, including types, diagnosis, and treatment. There are two main types of causes of misarticulation - organic and functional. The four main types of misarticulation are substitution, omission, distortion, and addition. Diagnosis involves a case history and diagnostic tests like the Hindi Articulation Test. Treatment is based on the individual's needs and generally involves establishment, maintenance, and generalization stages. The two main treatment approaches are the phonetic placement approach and minimal pair approach.

1. MISARTICULATION
TYPE
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PRESENTED BY
PARDEEP KUMAR BANSAL

2. MISARTICULATION
• Misarticulation is a speech disorder in which patient cannot able to produced
some specific speech phoneme in correct way

3. AETIOLOGY
• There are of mainly 2 type of causes of misarticualtion
• Organic
• Functional
Organic causes- some anatomical deficits in articulators (shape , size of arti.,
mild hearing loss)
Functional causes – abnormal fxn of articulator by patient due to lack of
awareness.

4. Type
• Mainly 4 type of misarticulation seen in patients.. Reminds as SODA .
• S- Substitution
• O- Omission
• D- Distortion
• A- Addition

5. SUBTITUTION
• In this type of misarticulation child subsititute phoneme with another
phoneme.
• For eg word kuutta -- tuutta /k/--/t/

6. OMISSION
In this type of misarticulation child omit phoneme
for e g /pen/--/en/ /p/ is omitted
ommision can be at any phoneme position. I m f position.
Mostly seen at final position

7. Distortion
• In this type child distort the whole word .. That most of time word that
distort difficult to understand .
• e g - /cat/ --- /***/ distorted word

8. Addition
• In this type the child add the phoneme on that are not actually part of the target
word.
• Some time it a part of accent of language and sometime is a misarticulation
• Judgement depend on the experience of SLP (CASE HISTORY etc.)
For e g
• /school/-- /eschool/
• /station/--/estation/

9. Diagnosis
• Assessment of misarticulation disorder varies patient to patient
• Commonly the assessment procedure as follow ;
• General case history
• Test administration

10. General case history
• Demographic data
• Birth history
• Family history
• Medical history
• OPME
• Developmental history
• Educational history
• Social history

11. Diagnostic test
• There are various types of test for the assessment of misarticulation :
• Most commonly there are two tests administer for provisional diagnosis
 1.Hindi Articulation Test(HAT) Age 3 to adult
 2.Picture Articulation Test (PAT) Age below 4

12. Treatment
• Treatment is based on the patients problem.
• Treatment plan varies patient to patient
• General treatment procedure are as follow
• The basic step of treatment procedure are
• 1.Establishment
• 2.Maintance
• 3.Generalization

13. Treatment approaches
Commonly there are two approaches used for misarticulation
 1.Phonetic Placement Approach
 2.Minimal Pair Approach

14. Phonetic Placement Approach
• This is commonly used approach for treating misarticulation.
This approach includes :
Teaching :
• 1. place of articulation
• 2. manner of articulation
 by using behavior modification approach
 in BMA using mirror for behavior analysis

15. Minimal pair approach
• In MPA we have to search for exact target spoken phoneme in word … and
after that make minimal pair to correct target phoneme.
• for example … if child pronounce /k/ sound in word /cat/ we have to
practice minimal pair like /can/, /cap/,/cow/.

16. Treatment Plan
• Sound are chosen for treatment in order as follow
• 1 Bilabial
• 2 Alveolar
• 3 Dental
• 4 Palatal
• 5 Velar
• This order will helps SLP to achieve target in session as soon as possible.

17. Thank you