Miral case
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•77 views
Miral is a 2.5 year old girl who has had intermittent fever and respiratory symptoms for 1 month. She has lost 1.2 kg and has decreased activity levels. Examinations suggest she has a pleural effusion that was drained, revealing 1000ml of pus. She underwent VATS surgery and is being treated with vancomycin, albumin, dexamethasone, and intubation. VATS procedures can be used to drain effusions, perform biopsies, and remove parts of the lung or tumors. Preschool aged children with pneumonia are usually treated with amoxicillin, while older children receive macrolides.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Bronchiolitis
This document provides information on bronchiolitis, including its risk factors, pathophysiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention. Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection affecting the small airways of the lung in infants and young children. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause. Symptoms include cough, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Management focuses on supportive care and treatment is generally self-limiting. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
Bronchiolitis 2
This evidence-based guideline provides recommendations for the management of bronchiolitis in infants and children under 18 months of age. Key recommendations include:
1) The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is clinical based on symptoms of a respiratory infection followed by cough, fast breathing, wheezing and crackles without need for testing.
2) Treatment is supportive with oxygen and oral hydration; medications like bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics are not routinely recommended.
3) Severity is classified as mild, moderate, severe or life-threatening to determine appropriate care setting and need for ambulance transport to hospital.
Bronchiolitis
This document discusses bronchiolitis, a common lower respiratory tract infection in young children caused by viruses like RSV. It describes two cases of infants presenting with symptoms of bronchiolitis like nasal congestion, cough, poor feeding and respiratory distress. It covers assessing severity, investigations, management including oxygen, nutrition, monitoring and intensive care if needed. While bronchodilators and corticosteroids are often used, the document notes clinical trials have not found clear benefits for their use in viral bronchiolitis. Mild cases can be managed at home without specific therapy, while moderate to severe cases require admission.
respiratory distress syndrome..... ppt by rahul dhaker
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, is a condition in premature infants caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant and underdeveloped lungs. This puts premature infants at risk of breathing difficulties. Symptoms include rapid breathing, grunting, and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves blood gas and chest x-ray analysis. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids to aid lung development, surfactant replacement therapy, oxygen supplementation, and ventilation support. While treatment has reduced mortality by 50%, complications can still include sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Bronchiolitis final 1
Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection affecting the small airways (bronchioles) of children under 2 years old. The most common cause is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Symptoms include cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and may require hospitalization if severe. Treatment focuses on supportive care with oxygen and fluids. While most cases resolve in 1-2 weeks, some children may develop asthma later in life. Prevention efforts include vaccination and avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke.
Recent Advances in Management of Bronchiolitis, IP, Oct 2013
This document discusses recent advances in the management of bronchiolitis. It begins by defining bronchiolitis and describing the methods used to review literature on diagnosing, treating, and preventing bronchiolitis in children. The review finds that supportive care including oxygenation and hydration remain the mainstays of treatment. Several therapies like bronchodilators and corticosteroids have been found to lack efficacy for bronchiolitis. Some novel therapies like hypertonic saline, CPAP and surfactant show promising results warranting further research.
Review Article On Paed Asthma
This document reviews the emergency presentation and management of acute severe asthma in children. It discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of acute severe asthma attacks in children. The key points are:
1) Acute severe asthma is one of the most common medical emergencies in children and involves inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways.
2) The cornerstones of treatment are rapid administration of oxygen, inhalations with bronchodilators such as beta-2 agonists, and systemic corticosteroids.
3) Additional treatments may include intravenous bronchodilators, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, or non-invasive ventilation if medical treatment fails
Pneumonia Pediatric
Pneumonia is the number one killer of children worldwide. It is caused by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens entering the lungs. The most sensitive sign of pediatric pneumonia is tachypnea. Chest x-rays are generally not needed for uncomplicated cases but may help evaluate complications or exclude other illnesses. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization needed for severe cases. Pneumonia can cause complications like empyema if not properly treated.
Recommended
Bronchiolitis
This document provides information on bronchiolitis, including its risk factors, pathophysiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention. Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection affecting the small airways of the lung in infants and young children. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause. Symptoms include cough, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Management focuses on supportive care and treatment is generally self-limiting. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
Bronchiolitis 2
This evidence-based guideline provides recommendations for the management of bronchiolitis in infants and children under 18 months of age. Key recommendations include:
1) The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is clinical based on symptoms of a respiratory infection followed by cough, fast breathing, wheezing and crackles without need for testing.
2) Treatment is supportive with oxygen and oral hydration; medications like bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics are not routinely recommended.
3) Severity is classified as mild, moderate, severe or life-threatening to determine appropriate care setting and need for ambulance transport to hospital.
Bronchiolitis
This document discusses bronchiolitis, a common lower respiratory tract infection in young children caused by viruses like RSV. It describes two cases of infants presenting with symptoms of bronchiolitis like nasal congestion, cough, poor feeding and respiratory distress. It covers assessing severity, investigations, management including oxygen, nutrition, monitoring and intensive care if needed. While bronchodilators and corticosteroids are often used, the document notes clinical trials have not found clear benefits for their use in viral bronchiolitis. Mild cases can be managed at home without specific therapy, while moderate to severe cases require admission.
respiratory distress syndrome..... ppt by rahul dhaker
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, is a condition in premature infants caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant and underdeveloped lungs. This puts premature infants at risk of breathing difficulties. Symptoms include rapid breathing, grunting, and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves blood gas and chest x-ray analysis. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids to aid lung development, surfactant replacement therapy, oxygen supplementation, and ventilation support. While treatment has reduced mortality by 50%, complications can still include sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Bronchiolitis final 1
Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection affecting the small airways (bronchioles) of children under 2 years old. The most common cause is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Symptoms include cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and may require hospitalization if severe. Treatment focuses on supportive care with oxygen and fluids. While most cases resolve in 1-2 weeks, some children may develop asthma later in life. Prevention efforts include vaccination and avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke.
Recent Advances in Management of Bronchiolitis, IP, Oct 2013
This document discusses recent advances in the management of bronchiolitis. It begins by defining bronchiolitis and describing the methods used to review literature on diagnosing, treating, and preventing bronchiolitis in children. The review finds that supportive care including oxygenation and hydration remain the mainstays of treatment. Several therapies like bronchodilators and corticosteroids have been found to lack efficacy for bronchiolitis. Some novel therapies like hypertonic saline, CPAP and surfactant show promising results warranting further research.
Review Article On Paed Asthma
This document reviews the emergency presentation and management of acute severe asthma in children. It discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of acute severe asthma attacks in children. The key points are:
1) Acute severe asthma is one of the most common medical emergencies in children and involves inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways.
2) The cornerstones of treatment are rapid administration of oxygen, inhalations with bronchodilators such as beta-2 agonists, and systemic corticosteroids.
3) Additional treatments may include intravenous bronchodilators, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, or non-invasive ventilation if medical treatment fails
Pneumonia Pediatric
Pneumonia is the number one killer of children worldwide. It is caused by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens entering the lungs. The most sensitive sign of pediatric pneumonia is tachypnea. Chest x-rays are generally not needed for uncomplicated cases but may help evaluate complications or exclude other illnesses. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization needed for severe cases. Pneumonia can cause complications like empyema if not properly treated.
Bronchiolitis
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
Bronchiolitis
This document provides an overview of bronchiolitis including pathogenesis, microbiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. Bronchiolitis is typically caused by viral infection, most commonly RSV, and causes inflammation in the small airways. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms of fever, cough and respiratory distress. Treatment focuses on supportive care like hydration and supplemental oxygen rather than medications like bronchodilators or steroids which studies have shown are not effective. High flow nasal cannula may help reduce respiratory distress. Prevention involves reducing exposure to tobacco smoke which increases risk and severity.
bronchiolitis in paediatrics
Bronchiolitis is an inflammatory disease of the small airways caused primarily by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants under 1 year old. It leads to obstruction of the small airways due to inflammation, mucus production, and edema. Clinically, infants present with rhinorrhea, cough, tachypnea, wheezing and respiratory distress. Chest X-ray may show hyperinflated lungs. Management is supportive with oxygen, hydration and sometimes bronchodilators. Most infants recover within 2 weeks but some may develop long-term wheezing.
Bronchiolitis and bronchitis in children
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs that causes coughing or other breathing problems. It usually starts as a cold or flu that has spread from the nose and throat to the windpipe and airways. Viruses are the most common cause. The illness typically lasts around 2 weeks and is generally not serious, resolving on its own as mucociliary clearance works to remove debris. Damage to the airway lining from recurrent infections can contribute to chronic bronchitis in childhood.
Critical Appraisal of Mortality case Discussion
Mortality meeting is a practice in all hospitals. In ours, we try to discuss the case in depth, so that the management can become better. This is one such case.
Pneumonia & bronchiolitis
Definition, etio-pathogenesis, Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and treatment of Pneumonia & bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis | Case Study
- Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection that affects the lower respiratory tract of infants, caused primarily by respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and is usually self-limiting.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care like fluids, oxygen therapy, and monitoring for dehydration or respiratory distress. Medications like bronchodilators or antibiotics are not routinely recommended.
- Hospitalization is considered if the infant has toxic appearance, poor feeding, respiratory distress, apnea or hypoxemia. The clinical status, fluid balance and oxygen levels should be closely monitored.
4 bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in children under 2 years old caused by viruses like respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with symptoms of cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and feeding. Risk factors include premature birth, exposure to tobacco smoke and attendance at daycare. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support if severe. Prevention focuses on handwashing and palivizumab prophylaxis in high risk infants to reduce spread of the virus. Prognosis is generally good even in high risk groups though complications can include respiratory failure.
Bronchiolitis
Viral bronchiolitis most commonly affects infants under 6 months and is caused primarily by respiratory syncytial virus. It is characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. While most cases are mild and self-limiting, risk factors like prematurity, congenital heart disease, and passive smoking can lead to more severe disease requiring hospitalization. Treatment is supportive with oxygen supplementation. Systemic corticosteroids and bronchodilators are not routinely recommended.
Bronchiolitis
Here are the answers to the MCQs:
1. RSV is the commonest c/of bronchiolitis - True
2. ABT is usually required in B - False
3. Most B are later associated with BA - True
4. In EBF babies B is rare - True
5. Anticholingergic nebulization is beneficial in B - False
6. B is usually a killer D - False
7. SARS/MERS is caused by RSV - False
8. Antiviral Rx is beneficial in all B cases - False
Critical Appraisal of a mortality case presentation
Mortality meeting is a practice in all hospitals. In ours, we try to discuss the case in depth, so that the management can become better. This is one such case.
Bronchiolitis overview
Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by viral infections in young children under 2 years old, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It involves inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) causing wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms typically last 2-5 days but wheezing may persist over a week. Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids, and monitoring for deterioration. Antibiotics are not effective as it is primarily a viral illness. Hospitalization may be required for severe cases or young infants. While symptoms are usually self-limited, bronchiolitis can increase the risk of subsequent wheezing and asthma.
Bronchopneumonia (1)
- Bronchopneumonia is an inflammatory process involving the lung parenchyma that is primarily spreading inflammation of terminal bronchioles and their related alveoli.
- It is commonly caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common bacteria include streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus, and haemophilus influenzae.
- Symptoms include fever, respiratory distress, grunting, and retractions of the ribs. Diagnosis involves physical examination, chest x-rays, and laboratory tests.
- Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen supplementation, maintaining hydration and nutrition, and supportive care. Complications can include sepsis, lung abscesses, and respiratory failure. Nursing care focuses on airway clearance and
Acute bronchitis
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of acute bronchitis. It begins by defining acute bronchitis as a cough lasting less than 3 weeks, which is usually viral in origin. The goals of therapy are to rule out serious illness, minimize symptoms, and limit unnecessary antibiotic use. Treatment is primarily supportive and includes analgesics, antitussives, and bronchodilators only for those with wheezing. Antibiotics are not routinely recommended as they do not impact illness duration or severity. Education of patients about the typical self-limiting course of acute bronchitis is important.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a pathologic process leading to signs and symptoms of chronic lung disease that originates in the neonatal period.
Presented by Dr. Tahir
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia is a leading cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of pediatric deaths. It is an inflammatory process involving the lung parenchyma with consolidation of the lung tissue. Incidence is highest in infants and young children, with 90% of respiratory deaths due to pneumonia. Clinical features include cough, fever, respiratory distress, and signs vary by age and severity. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, IV fluids, and supportive care. Complications can include empyema, abscess, and effusion. Nursing care focuses on airway clearance, maintaining oxygenation and hydration, pain management, and educating parents to relieve anxiety.
A case presentation on pneumonia
This case presentation discusses a 2-year-old female child admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with pneumonia. She presented with a week of fever and wet cough. Initial tests showed left lung consolidation and pleural effusion. She received IV antibiotics and underwent VATS surgery to drain pus from her lungs. Over 10 days in the PICU with nursing care and treatments, her symptoms improved and she was discharged on oral antibiotics to complete her recovery at home.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. The constant pressure and excess oxygen levels from these interventions can damage the delicate lung tissues of premature infants, leading to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. BPD occurs when the lungs are disrupted during their development in the womb or shortly after birth. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and bluish skin color. While most infants recover fully over time, in rare cases BPD can cause serious complications. Treatment focuses on minimizing further lung damage and supporting lung growth through oxygen supplementation, nutrition management, and preventing infections.
Bronchial asthama and pregnancys
This document discusses asthma, including its pathogenesis, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis and classification. It notes that asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible bronchial constriction in response to multiple stimuli. Common symptoms include dyspnea, cough and wheezing. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, demonstrating reversibility of airflow obstruction via spirometry, and ruling out alternative diagnoses. Asthma is classified based on severity of symptoms and lung function.
Paediatric CAP Appendix 4.ppt
This document provides guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. It defines CAP and outlines the epidemiology. The most common causes are viruses in infants and Streptococcus pneumoniae in older children. Clinical features may include fever, cough, tachypnea and hypoxemia. Chest x-rays are not routinely needed for diagnosis. Severe disease is assessed based on respiratory rate, recession, oxygen saturation and other vital signs. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen and fluid support. Complications like empyema require drainage. Prognosis is generally excellent, though follow up is needed for severe cases.
Paediatric CAP Appendix 4.ppt
This document provides information on paediatric community acquired pneumonia (CAP), including definitions, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical features, investigations, severity assessment, management in the community and hospital, antibiotic treatment, potential complications, and prognosis. Some key points are: CAP is most commonly caused by viruses in young children and Streptococcus pneumoniae in older children; clinical features may include fever, cough, tachypnoea and difficulty breathing; chest x-rays are not routinely needed but may help assess severity; oral antibiotics are usually effective but intravenous antibiotics may be needed for severe or complicated cases. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for CAP is usually excellent.
Pneumonia in children
- Pneumonia is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide, though mortality has decreased with interventions.
- It is usually caused by viruses in young children and bacteria in older children, though over 50% of cases the pathogen is not identified.
- Clinical features include fever, cough, rapid breathing and in severe cases cyanosis and respiratory fatigue. Diagnosis is usually by chest x-ray but cannot differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia.
- Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen and supportive care. The choice of antibiotic depends on the child's age and illness severity. Most children can be managed at home but some require hospital admission.
More Related Content
What's hot
Bronchiolitis
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
Bronchiolitis
This document provides an overview of bronchiolitis including pathogenesis, microbiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. Bronchiolitis is typically caused by viral infection, most commonly RSV, and causes inflammation in the small airways. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms of fever, cough and respiratory distress. Treatment focuses on supportive care like hydration and supplemental oxygen rather than medications like bronchodilators or steroids which studies have shown are not effective. High flow nasal cannula may help reduce respiratory distress. Prevention involves reducing exposure to tobacco smoke which increases risk and severity.
bronchiolitis in paediatrics
Bronchiolitis is an inflammatory disease of the small airways caused primarily by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants under 1 year old. It leads to obstruction of the small airways due to inflammation, mucus production, and edema. Clinically, infants present with rhinorrhea, cough, tachypnea, wheezing and respiratory distress. Chest X-ray may show hyperinflated lungs. Management is supportive with oxygen, hydration and sometimes bronchodilators. Most infants recover within 2 weeks but some may develop long-term wheezing.
Bronchiolitis and bronchitis in children
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs that causes coughing or other breathing problems. It usually starts as a cold or flu that has spread from the nose and throat to the windpipe and airways. Viruses are the most common cause. The illness typically lasts around 2 weeks and is generally not serious, resolving on its own as mucociliary clearance works to remove debris. Damage to the airway lining from recurrent infections can contribute to chronic bronchitis in childhood.
Critical Appraisal of Mortality case Discussion
Mortality meeting is a practice in all hospitals. In ours, we try to discuss the case in depth, so that the management can become better. This is one such case.
Pneumonia & bronchiolitis
Definition, etio-pathogenesis, Clinical presentation, Diagnosis and treatment of Pneumonia & bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis | Case Study
- Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection that affects the lower respiratory tract of infants, caused primarily by respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and is usually self-limiting.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care like fluids, oxygen therapy, and monitoring for dehydration or respiratory distress. Medications like bronchodilators or antibiotics are not routinely recommended.
- Hospitalization is considered if the infant has toxic appearance, poor feeding, respiratory distress, apnea or hypoxemia. The clinical status, fluid balance and oxygen levels should be closely monitored.
4 bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in children under 2 years old caused by viruses like respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with symptoms of cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and feeding. Risk factors include premature birth, exposure to tobacco smoke and attendance at daycare. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support if severe. Prevention focuses on handwashing and palivizumab prophylaxis in high risk infants to reduce spread of the virus. Prognosis is generally good even in high risk groups though complications can include respiratory failure.
Bronchiolitis
Viral bronchiolitis most commonly affects infants under 6 months and is caused primarily by respiratory syncytial virus. It is characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. While most cases are mild and self-limiting, risk factors like prematurity, congenital heart disease, and passive smoking can lead to more severe disease requiring hospitalization. Treatment is supportive with oxygen supplementation. Systemic corticosteroids and bronchodilators are not routinely recommended.
Bronchiolitis
Here are the answers to the MCQs:
1. RSV is the commonest c/of bronchiolitis - True
2. ABT is usually required in B - False
3. Most B are later associated with BA - True
4. In EBF babies B is rare - True
5. Anticholingergic nebulization is beneficial in B - False
6. B is usually a killer D - False
7. SARS/MERS is caused by RSV - False
8. Antiviral Rx is beneficial in all B cases - False
Critical Appraisal of a mortality case presentation
Mortality meeting is a practice in all hospitals. In ours, we try to discuss the case in depth, so that the management can become better. This is one such case.
Bronchiolitis overview
Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by viral infections in young children under 2 years old, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It involves inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) causing wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms typically last 2-5 days but wheezing may persist over a week. Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids, and monitoring for deterioration. Antibiotics are not effective as it is primarily a viral illness. Hospitalization may be required for severe cases or young infants. While symptoms are usually self-limited, bronchiolitis can increase the risk of subsequent wheezing and asthma.
Bronchopneumonia (1)
- Bronchopneumonia is an inflammatory process involving the lung parenchyma that is primarily spreading inflammation of terminal bronchioles and their related alveoli.
- It is commonly caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common bacteria include streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus, and haemophilus influenzae.
- Symptoms include fever, respiratory distress, grunting, and retractions of the ribs. Diagnosis involves physical examination, chest x-rays, and laboratory tests.
- Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen supplementation, maintaining hydration and nutrition, and supportive care. Complications can include sepsis, lung abscesses, and respiratory failure. Nursing care focuses on airway clearance and
Acute bronchitis
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of acute bronchitis. It begins by defining acute bronchitis as a cough lasting less than 3 weeks, which is usually viral in origin. The goals of therapy are to rule out serious illness, minimize symptoms, and limit unnecessary antibiotic use. Treatment is primarily supportive and includes analgesics, antitussives, and bronchodilators only for those with wheezing. Antibiotics are not routinely recommended as they do not impact illness duration or severity. Education of patients about the typical self-limiting course of acute bronchitis is important.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a pathologic process leading to signs and symptoms of chronic lung disease that originates in the neonatal period.
Presented by Dr. Tahir
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia is a leading cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of pediatric deaths. It is an inflammatory process involving the lung parenchyma with consolidation of the lung tissue. Incidence is highest in infants and young children, with 90% of respiratory deaths due to pneumonia. Clinical features include cough, fever, respiratory distress, and signs vary by age and severity. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, IV fluids, and supportive care. Complications can include empyema, abscess, and effusion. Nursing care focuses on airway clearance, maintaining oxygenation and hydration, pain management, and educating parents to relieve anxiety.
A case presentation on pneumonia
This case presentation discusses a 2-year-old female child admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with pneumonia. She presented with a week of fever and wet cough. Initial tests showed left lung consolidation and pleural effusion. She received IV antibiotics and underwent VATS surgery to drain pus from her lungs. Over 10 days in the PICU with nursing care and treatments, her symptoms improved and she was discharged on oral antibiotics to complete her recovery at home.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. The constant pressure and excess oxygen levels from these interventions can damage the delicate lung tissues of premature infants, leading to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. BPD occurs when the lungs are disrupted during their development in the womb or shortly after birth. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and bluish skin color. While most infants recover fully over time, in rare cases BPD can cause serious complications. Treatment focuses on minimizing further lung damage and supporting lung growth through oxygen supplementation, nutrition management, and preventing infections.
Bronchial asthama and pregnancys
This document discusses asthma, including its pathogenesis, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis and classification. It notes that asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible bronchial constriction in response to multiple stimuli. Common symptoms include dyspnea, cough and wheezing. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, demonstrating reversibility of airflow obstruction via spirometry, and ruling out alternative diagnoses. Asthma is classified based on severity of symptoms and lung function.
What's hot (19)
Critical Appraisal of a mortality case presentation
Critical Appraisal of a mortality case presentation
Similar to Miral case
Paediatric CAP Appendix 4.ppt
This document provides guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. It defines CAP and outlines the epidemiology. The most common causes are viruses in infants and Streptococcus pneumoniae in older children. Clinical features may include fever, cough, tachypnea and hypoxemia. Chest x-rays are not routinely needed for diagnosis. Severe disease is assessed based on respiratory rate, recession, oxygen saturation and other vital signs. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen and fluid support. Complications like empyema require drainage. Prognosis is generally excellent, though follow up is needed for severe cases.
Paediatric CAP Appendix 4.ppt
This document provides information on paediatric community acquired pneumonia (CAP), including definitions, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical features, investigations, severity assessment, management in the community and hospital, antibiotic treatment, potential complications, and prognosis. Some key points are: CAP is most commonly caused by viruses in young children and Streptococcus pneumoniae in older children; clinical features may include fever, cough, tachypnoea and difficulty breathing; chest x-rays are not routinely needed but may help assess severity; oral antibiotics are usually effective but intravenous antibiotics may be needed for severe or complicated cases. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for CAP is usually excellent.
Pneumonia in children
- Pneumonia is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide, though mortality has decreased with interventions.
- It is usually caused by viruses in young children and bacteria in older children, though over 50% of cases the pathogen is not identified.
- Clinical features include fever, cough, rapid breathing and in severe cases cyanosis and respiratory fatigue. Diagnosis is usually by chest x-ray but cannot differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia.
- Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen and supportive care. The choice of antibiotic depends on the child's age and illness severity. Most children can be managed at home but some require hospital admission.
Management of Pneumonia
The main treatment for pneumonia is antibiotics, along with rest and drinking plenty of water. If you have chest pain, you can take pain killers such as paracetamol. Treatment depends on how severe your pneumonia is. Treatment with antibiotics should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis.
COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Community acquired pneumonia is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. In India, acute respiratory infections account for 24% of the disease burden and 13% of deaths in children under 5 years of age. Pneumonia is commonly caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical features include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and fast breathing. Chest x-rays are not always needed for diagnosis. Severity is assessed using WHO criteria to determine appropriate treatment setting and antibiotics. Supportive care includes oxygen and fluids. Antibiotics are typically given for 5-7 days but longer for severe or staphylococcal pneumonia
Acute Bronchiolitis.pptx
Acute bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract viral infection in infants under 2 years old, often caused by respiratory syncytial virus. It involves inflammation of the bronchioles and leads to respiratory distress. Management focuses on supportive care through hydration, oxygen therapy, and monitoring for complications like pneumonia or respiratory failure. Prevention emphasizes hand hygiene and palivizumab prophylaxis for high-risk infants.
Presentation(1) of pneumonia last.pptx
This document provides an outline and overview of a seminar presentation on pneumonia. It discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, laboratory/diagnostic investigations, treatment approaches, and complications of pneumonia. Pneumonia remains a common cause of severe sepsis and a leading infectious cause of death. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the likely causative pathogens, with choices dependent on patient age, location of infection (community-acquired, hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated), and risk of drug-resistant organisms. Patient education on prevention, symptom management, and completing antibiotic courses is also emphasized.
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs when an infant aspirates meconium during delivery or birth, leading to respiratory distress. Risk factors include post-term pregnancy or conditions that cause fetal stress. Affected infants experience respiratory distress, often requiring oxygen therapy, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation. Complications can include air leaks, pulmonary hypertension, or long-term lung issues. Treatment focuses on clearing meconium from the airways, managing respiratory support and oxygen needs, and treating complications like infections or pulmonary hypertension. Prevention strategies center on monitoring high risk pregnancies and potentially inducing labor or performing C-sections before complications arise.
Bronchiolitis.pptx
This document discusses the case of a 6-month-old male infant presenting with fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and respiratory distress over the past few days. Examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, wheezing, and subcostal retractions. Chest X-ray showed bilateral scattered infiltrates and mild hyperinflation. The patient was treated with nebulized hypertonic saline, salbutamol, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and CPAP before gradually improving over 4 days. Statistics on bronchiolitis cases and treatments at the hospital over the past few months are also presented.
Session 37_Neonatal Pneumonia.pptx
This document discusses neonatal pneumonia, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, classifications, complications, differential diagnosis, investigations, management, preventive measures, and key points. Neonatal pneumonia is a lung infection in newborns that can originate in the lungs or be caused by a systemic infection. It is commonly caused by group B streptococci, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical features include fast breathing, grunting, chest indrawing, and temperature abnormalities. Management involves prompt treatment with a combination of intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics for 7-10 days, along with other supportive care measures.
complications in newborn pediatrics 3.ppt
This document provides information on transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), including:
- TTN is a temporary respiratory condition where newborns have difficulty clearing fluid from their lungs after birth, causing fast breathing.
- Risk factors include cesarean delivery without labor. Symptoms include fast breathing and grunting. Chest X-rays can help with diagnosis.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care like oxygen supplementation. TTN typically resolves within 3 days without long-term impacts. While common, it can occasionally require interventions like CPAP. Overall, TTN prognosis is excellent in most newborns.
Tuberculosis in pediatric age group
discusses TB from epidemiological and clinical point of view, it types, manifestations, treatment, and prevention
Bronchiolitis recent advances .pptx
3. Give ribavirin along with o2inhalation hydration sp02 monitoring
Given the child has cystic fibrosis and severe disease with low SpO2, ribavirin may be considered along with supportive care like oxygen, hydration, suctioning given high suspicion of RSV infection. Palvizumab is a preventive monoclonal antibody not for treatment. Antibiotics are not routinely indicated for bronchiolitis without signs of bacterial infection.
Pediatric Pneumonia.pptx
Pediatric pneumonia has several causes and presentations depending on a child's age. Viruses are a common cause in infants and toddlers, while bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae become more frequent causes in older children. Clinical signs include fever, cough, tachypnea and respiratory distress. Diagnosis is usually made clinically, though imaging can identify complications. Treatment involves antibiotics when bacteria are suspected along with supportive care. Hospitalization is needed for young infants, severe cases and those with underlying conditions or complications.
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
This document discusses meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), a condition where meconium is inhaled or aspirated by an infant before, during, or immediately after birth, causing respiratory distress. MAS occurs when an infant inhales meconium that has been passed in the amniotic fluid due to fetal distress. It presents with respiratory distress within the first hour of life. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray findings and blood gas analysis. Management includes supportive care, suctioning meconium from the airways, oxygen supplementation, and mechanical ventilation as needed. Prevention focuses on suctioning meconium from the nasopharynx after birth to reduce the risk of aspiration into the lungs.
4. Pertussis (2).pptx
This document discusses pertussis (whooping cough), caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious and transmitted through respiratory droplets. The disease presents in three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Infants under 3 months may not show classic symptoms and are at highest risk for complications. Diagnosis is made clinically but can be confirmed by culture or PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. Immunization is the main preventive strategy.
upper & lower airway obstruction
Upper and lower airway obstructions are common pediatric emergencies that require prompt recognition and treatment. The upper airway includes the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx, while the lower airway is the trachea and bronchi. Common causes of obstruction include foreign body aspiration, croup, epiglottitis and diphtheria. Clinical signs may include noisy breathing, difficulty breathing, stridor and cough. Management involves assessing airway patency, giving nebulized medications, suctioning secretions, maintaining hydration and oxygenation, and considering intubation or tracheostomy for severe cases. Prompt intervention is crucial as obstruction can lead to respiratory failure.
Approach to Respiratory Distress in Children By Essam Sidqi
Respiratory Distress
Children
neonate
Case Scenarios
newborn
preterm
term
Tachypnea
Subcostal, intercostal, sternal or suprasternal retractions
Noisy respiration (grunt, stridor or wheeze)
Nasal flaring
Reduced air exchange
cyanosis
Downes' Score
Silverman Anderson Retraction Score
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
Surfactant
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC)
Antenatal Corticosteroids
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Respiratory distress syndrome
Neonatal pneumonia
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Pneumothorax
Congenital heart disease (VSD)
CDH
CHD
TTNB
HMD
MAS
PPHN
Otitis.pdf
1. The document discusses clinical findings, diagnostic testing, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options for acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion.
2. Treatment options include observation, antibiotics, myringotomy, tympanostomy tube insertion, adenoidectomy, and eustachian tube dilation.
3. Complications of tympanostomy tube insertion include acute otorrhea, persistent perforation, early extrusion, and tube blockage.
Pneumonia in children 2021
Pneumonia in children can be caused by viral or bacterial infections that lead to lung inflammation and fluid-filled alveoli. It is a common cause of death in children under 5 years old. Common bacteria that cause pneumonia include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Clinically, pneumonia can be diagnosed by symptoms like fast breathing, chest indrawing, and coarse lung sounds. Chest x-rays can reveal lung infiltrates. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, and managing symptoms. Vaccines help prevent acute respiratory infections that can lead to pneumonia.
Similar to Miral case (20)
Approach to Respiratory Distress in Children By Essam Sidqi
Approach to Respiratory Distress in Children By Essam Sidqi
More from bausher willayat
Albuminurea in dm, audit
This document summarizes an audit of albuminuria management in diabetic patients. The audit aimed to evaluate current clinical practice and encourage adherence to guidelines. It reviewed 133 patients with abnormal or no albumin-to-creatinine ratio testing in 2017. Key recommendations include ensuring proper documentation, informing laboratories that urine samples are for albumin-creatinine ratio testing, educating providers on proteinuria guidelines, and conducting annual audits to assess adherence.
Combined presentations-womens-health
The document discusses diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), and cholesterol. It defines each condition and lists risk factors, signs and symptoms, complications, and methods for management through diet, exercise, medication and regular monitoring. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through a balanced diet low in salt, sugar, fat and cholesterol; regular physical activity; achieving and maintaining a healthy weight; and avoiding tobacco can help prevent and manage all three conditions.
Common dermatological cases
This document provides guidance on common dermatological cases and their management. It discusses treatments for acne vulgaris such as topical clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide, and oral doxycycline. It also covers management of tinea corporis with topical and oral antifungals, tinea versicolor with topical and oral azole antifungals, alopecia areata with topical steroids and intralesional injections, viral warts with salicylic acid and cryotherapy, infant eczema treated with topical steroids and moisturizers, and melasma treated with topical retinoids, hydroquinone, and steroids.
Diabetic1
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The main types are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other specific types. The long-term complications of diabetes include damage to various organs including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Lifestyle changes and medications are used to manage diabetes and prevent associated health problems.
Dm audit
This clinical audit assessed the quality of care for diabetic patients at the North Al-Khuwair Health Center in Oman in 2017. The audit reviewed records for 100 randomly selected diabetic patients. Key findings included: 1) Only 12% of patients had a healthy BMI, while most were overweight or obese; 2) 67% of patients were hypertensive but only 40% had their blood pressure well controlled; 3) 48% of patients had good blood sugar control as measured by HbA1c levels but 10% had poor control. The audit identified areas for improvement in lipid screening, nephropathy screening, foot examinations, and referrals to dieticians. Factors like patient non-compliance and incomplete physician
Iron deficiency and other types of anemia in
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia in infants and children. It defines anemia and recommends universal screening for anemia at age 1 by the WHO and AAP. For positive screens, follow up is essential. Evaluation includes history, exam, and complete blood count to differentiate anemia types. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type and is likely if hemoglobin increases over 1 g/dL with iron supplementation. Prevention focuses on adequate iron during pregnancy, delivery by delayed cord clamping, and supplementation for breastfed infants and children ages 1-3. Iron is important for brain development but supplementation alone does not necessarily improve development in iron deficient non-anemic children.
Lice
A 6-year-old girl presented with scalp itching caused by head lice (pediculosis capitis). Examination revealed the presence of head lice and eggs (nits). Head lice are transmitted through direct head-to-head contact and infest the hair and scalp, feeding on blood. Common symptoms include itching and scratching. Treatment involves the use of topical pediculicides like pyrethroids or malathion, or oral ivermectin. Multiple treatments may be needed to kill all lice and prevent reinfestation from newly hatched nits.
Nexplanon trainer module 2017
This document provides an overview of a training module on sub-dermal contraceptive implants for health care providers in Oman. The first day of the three-day training covers the characteristics of implants, including what they are, how they work, effectiveness, health benefits, potential side effects, and other key points. Trainees participate in discussions, activities, and skill practices to learn how to counsel clients on implants and provide high-quality services. The goal is to standardize implant training across all governorates in Oman.
Session 4 c
This document provides guidelines for infection prevention during contraceptive implant insertion and removal. It recommends washing the client's arm and setting up a sterile environment prior to the procedure. It also details the steps to take after the procedure, such as stopping any bleeding, applying a bandage, and properly disposing of and sterilizing instruments to prevent infections.
Session 4 b
The document outlines the steps for removing a Nexplanon contraceptive implant. It describes:
1) Preparing the necessary equipment and having the client lie down with their arm flexed.
2) Locating the implant and administering local anesthesia near the distal end.
3) Making a small incision over the distal end and using forceps to remove the implant.
4) Closing the incision and observing for bleeding before discharging the client with post-removal instructions.
Session 4 a
This document provides instructions for inserting a one-rod contraceptive implant. It describes the required equipment, demonstrates the 10 step process which includes cleaning and anesthetizing the insertion site, inserting the implant applicator and rod subdermally, verifying placement, and addressing post-procedure care. The goal is to properly insert the implant just under the skin to avoid blood vessels and nerves while maintaining sterility.
Session 3 counsling
This document provides counseling information for contraceptive implant users. It discusses key topics to cover which include safety, efficacy, how implants work, benefits, possible side effects and STI protection. Additional topics are the insertion and removal procedures, length of protection, reasons to return and common side effects like changes in bleeding patterns. The removal procedure is described. Signs to see a provider are provided. Continuing users should be asked if satisfied and about any new health issues or concerns. Common myths are addressed such as implants not working after removal or causing infertility.
Session 2 implanon next training module
The document discusses guidelines for who can and cannot use contraceptive implants. It states that implants are safe and appropriate for nearly all women, including adolescents, women living with HIV/AIDS, and women who have had abortions or miscarriages. However, some women should not use implants, such as those who are pregnant or breastfeeding within the first 6 weeks after giving birth, or who have certain medical conditions like blood clots, breast cancer, or serious liver disease. The document reviews the WHO medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive methods and provides guidance on when implants can be initiated for different groups of women.
Session 1 impanon next training module
This document outlines the key points about contraceptive implants that health providers should convey to clients. The objectives are to describe the characteristics of implants, demonstrate insertion and removal procedures, address concerns and side effects, and identify situations that require switching or referral. Implants are highly effective, long-acting contraceptives involving rods placed under the skin that prevent pregnancy through hormonal methods. They have minimal side effects like irregular bleeding but provide health benefits and are very effective at preventing pregnancy without daily action needed. Health providers should be able to discuss all aspects of implants with clients.
ACUTE ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
1. Acute abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) requires immediate intervention to prevent blood loss and is evaluated by assessing patient acuity, determining the likely etiology, and choosing appropriate treatment.
2. Initial assessment involves vital signs and signs of hypovolemia while etiologies consider medical history, medications, physical exam, and lab tests.
3. Treatment options for acute AUB include IV conjugated estrogen, intrauterine tamponade, combined oral contraceptives, antifibrinolytics, and surgery if medical options fail or are contraindicated. Long term options treat underlying causes.
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a common, self-limiting skin rash characterized by oval lesions on the trunk and extremities. It is likely caused by a virus such as human herpesvirus-6 or -7. The rash begins with a single large 'herald patch' and spreads within 2-6 weeks. While usually resolving within 3 months, it causes moderate to severe itching. Treatment focuses on relieving itching with topical corticosteroids or antihistamines, with antivirals or phototherapy used in severe cases.
Implanon guideline 2017
This document provides national guidelines for sub-dermal contraceptive implants (Implanon NXT) in Oman. It discusses the introduction of implants as a new long-acting reversible contraceptive method. The guidelines cover information about the method, including effectiveness, mechanism of action, indications, benefits, risks, and medical eligibility criteria. It also provides detailed instructions for assessment of clients, insertion of implants, management of problems or side effects, and removal of implants. The aim is to expand contraceptive options and encourage use of long-acting reversible methods.
Evaluation of suspected dementia
This document outlines the evaluation of suspected dementia. It discusses the epidemiology of dementia, including that Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. It also covers risk factors, diagnostic criteria through history, exams, screening tests, neuroimaging, and lab/genetic testing. The goal is to confirm cognitive impairment, identify potential causes, and rule out other intracranial abnormalities or treatable conditions.
Session 6 se and complications [repaired]
اختبار قصير: ماذا تعلم عن التغطية الصحية الشاملة؟
أَجِب على أسئلة هذا الاختبار القصير لتتأكد من صحة إجاباتك.
1 تحتفل منظمة الصحة العالمية (المنظمة) في يوم 7 نيسان/ أبريل من كل عام بذكرى إنشائها، باليوم الذي دخل فيه دستورها حيز النفاذ. فكم ستبلغ المنظمة من العمر هذا العام (2018)؟
30 عاماً
50 عاماً
70 عاماً
90 عاماً
2 ما المقصود بالتغطية الصحية الشاملة؟
يُقصد بالتغطية الصحية الشاملة حصول جميع الأفراد والمجتمعات المحلية على الخدمات الصحية اللازمة لهم متى وحيثما لزمتهم.
التغطية الصحية الشاملة تحمي الناس من الوقوع في دائرة الفقر حينما يُسددون تكاليف الخدمات الصحية اللازمة لهم من أموالهم الخاصة.
التغطية الصحية الشاملة تُمكّن جميع الأشخاص من الحصول على الخدمات التي تعالج أهم أسباب الإصابة بالمرض والوفاة.
التغطية الصحية الشاملة تعني تقديم خدمات صحية للأفراد ومختلف فئات السكان كالقضاء على مواقع تكاثر البعوض.
جميع ما سبق.
3 ما نسبة سكان العالم غير القادرين على الحصول على الخدمات الصحية اللازمة لهم؟
ما لا يقل عن 30% من سكان العالم
ما لا يقل عن 50% من سكان العالم
ما لا يقل عن 70% من سكان العالم
ما لا يقل عن 90% من سكان العالم
4 يُدفع نحو 100 مليون شخص في العالم إلى دائرة ’الفقر المدقع‘ (أي يعيشون بدخل لا يتجاوز 1.90 دولاراً أمريكياً في اليوم) بسبب اضطرارهم إلى سداد تكاليف خدمات الرعاية الصحية اللازمة لهم.
صحيح
خطأ
5 من له دور يؤديه في الدعوة إلى تحقيق التغطية الصحية الشاملة؟
أنت
الجماعات غير الهادفة إلى الربح
العاملون في مجال الصحة
وسائط الإعلام
جميع ما سبق
Session 6 se and complications [repaired]
Approach to poisoning. famco
This document discusses important toxins and poisonings that medical professionals must be aware of. It covers the following key points:
- Identifies common toxic substance groups like opioids, sedatives, and toxins causing various "toxidromes" or symptom clusters.
- Explains how to conduct an initial assessment of a poisoned patient, including stabilizing vital signs, gathering exposure details, considering decontamination or antidotes.
- Describes common toxidromes caused by substances like sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, cholinergics, opioids, and sedatives/hypnotics; and their associated signs and symptoms.
- Emphasizes the importance
More from bausher willayat (20)
Recently uploaded
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Recently uploaded (20)
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Miral case
- 1. Case presentation Habiba Al Harthi R3 FAMCO residents
- 2. • Miral 2.5 year old term toddler previously healthy with 1 month history of intermittent fever after onset of sore throat • ho tachypnea , increased work of breathing over the month • Decreased level of activity • Weight loss of 1.2 kg • She has been to a number of private clinics where she received more than one course of antimicrobials .
- 6. Pneumonia • The diagnosis can be based on the history and physical examination results in children with fever plus respiratory signs and symptoms. • Chest radiography and rapid viral testing may be helpful when the diagnosis is unclear. • The most likely etiology depends on the age of the child. • Viral and Streptococcus pneumonia infections are most common in preschool-aged children,
- 7. • Mycoplasma pneumoniaeis common in older children. The decision to treat with antibiotics is challenging, especially with the increasing prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections. • Preschool-aged children with uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia should be treated with amoxicillin. • Macrolides are first-line agents in older children. • Immunization with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is important in reducing the severity of childhood pneumococcal infections.
- 11. • First impressions are important in the clinical diagnosis of CAP in children. • Common physical findings include fever, tachypnea, increasingly labored breathing, rhonchi, crackles, and wheezing. • Hydration status, activity level, and oxygen saturation are important and may indicate the need for hospitalization. • Tachypnea seems to be the most significant clinical sign.
- 12. • Chest imaging is most useful when the diagnosis is uncertain or when the findings from the history and physical examination are inconsistent.
- 16. • No randomized controlled trials have established the optimal duration of therapy for children with uncomplicated CAP. • In most cases, seven to 10 days of empiric outpatient therapy is sufficient. • Azithromycin (Zithromax) should be continued for five days. Patients should be reevaluated 24 to 48 hours after the initiation of empiric therapy
- 20. Chest US ,CT both suggest a pleural effusion (proteinacious) with minimal septae
- 21. • Was taken for VAST , drained 1000ml of pus
- 22. Management • VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery ) • vancomycin • Albumin • Dexamethasone • Intubation
- 24. Indications of VATS • Septal lung biopsy • Lobectomy or pneumonectomy • Rescetion of peripheral pulmonary nodule • Evaluation of mediastinal tumors of adenopathy • Pleural biopsy
- 27. • Reference , www.AAFP.org