The document discusses harmonic distortion on electrical grids and how it can interfere with traditional voltage stabilization systems. It introduces Ministab and Sterostab electrodynamic voltage stabilizers as solutions that stabilize voltage to the rated value even in the presence of strong harmonic distortions. It provides details on their operating principles, features such as accuracy, response time, and overload capacity, as well as their applications and specifications.
The Real World Trainers module (RWT-A) teaches two and three-wire motor control and three-wire control using start/stop pushbuttons or a hand/off/auto circuit. It can also demonstrate jogging circuits and start/stop/jog functions. The module contains components like a contactor, overload relay, and control relay to simulate industrial motor control circuits using 110V AC power.
UPS Electrical Design and Installation by Critical Power Supplies.
Important considerations for the electrical design and installation of UPS systems in mission critical applications.
Where Critical Power applications are concerned, the electrical design and installation of a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) system is crucially important for several reasons.
Firstly, it must work in alignment with installations already on site and not interfere with other electrical
equipment. This is particularly important for industrial and healthcare installations where there may already
be critical equipment (medical and life support, for example) in operation.
It all starts with a site survey.
A pre-installation site survey will reveal details about the scope of the electrical work to be undertaken.
Such information will reveal, for instance, the type of electrical loads, power quality issues, harmonics, whether it is a
high, medium or low voltage installation and electrical distribution set up, including the breaker sizes already on site
and their discrimination.
If you would like more information please contact sales on 0800 978 8988 or email sales@criticalpowersupplies.co.uk
Unit-V
Measurement and Solving of Power Quality Problems: Power quality measurement devices- Harmonic Analyzer , Transient Disturbance Analyzer, wiring and grounding tester, Flicker Meter, Oscilloscope, multi-meter etc. Introduction to Custom Power Devices-Network Reconfiguration devices; Load compensation and voltage regulation using DSTATCOM; protecting sensitive loads using DVR; Unified power Quality Conditioner. (UPQC)
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
This document summarizes Puneet Manghani's summer practical training report at the 400kV grid sub-station in Heerapura, Jaipur. The sub-station was established in 2000 by the Government of Rajasthan with a capacity of 250 MVA. It discusses the main tasks of sub-stations including fault analysis, voltage control, protection of transmission systems, and reliable power supply. It also provides details about the equipment used at the sub-station, including bus bars, isolators, insulators, circuit breakers, power transformers, the control room, potential and current transformers, relays, lightning arrestors, and the battery room.
Unit-IV
Harmonics: Causes of harmonics; current and voltage harmonics: measurement of harmonics; effects of harmonics on – Transformers, AC Motors, Capacitor Banks, Cables, and Protection
Devices, Energy Metering, Communication Lines etc. harmonic mitigation techniques
This document provides an overview of the key components and functions of an electrical substation. It discusses how transformers are used to increase or decrease voltages, how current transformers and capacitor voltage transformers are used for measurements. It also describes circuit breakers, disconnect switches, surge arresters, protective relays, wave traps, battery backups, control rooms and the protection systems used to quickly detect faults.
The document discusses the functions and types of equipment used in electrical distribution substations. It provides descriptions of common substation equipment such as power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, bus bars, current and potential transformers, capacitors, reactors, protective relays and batteries. It also provides examples of how to calculate primary and secondary currents in transformers of different ratings and briefly discusses some common bus schemes used in Pakistan.
The Real World Trainers module (RWT-A) teaches two and three-wire motor control and three-wire control using start/stop pushbuttons or a hand/off/auto circuit. It can also demonstrate jogging circuits and start/stop/jog functions. The module contains components like a contactor, overload relay, and control relay to simulate industrial motor control circuits using 110V AC power.
UPS Electrical Design and Installation by Critical Power Supplies.
Important considerations for the electrical design and installation of UPS systems in mission critical applications.
Where Critical Power applications are concerned, the electrical design and installation of a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) system is crucially important for several reasons.
Firstly, it must work in alignment with installations already on site and not interfere with other electrical
equipment. This is particularly important for industrial and healthcare installations where there may already
be critical equipment (medical and life support, for example) in operation.
It all starts with a site survey.
A pre-installation site survey will reveal details about the scope of the electrical work to be undertaken.
Such information will reveal, for instance, the type of electrical loads, power quality issues, harmonics, whether it is a
high, medium or low voltage installation and electrical distribution set up, including the breaker sizes already on site
and their discrimination.
If you would like more information please contact sales on 0800 978 8988 or email sales@criticalpowersupplies.co.uk
Unit-V
Measurement and Solving of Power Quality Problems: Power quality measurement devices- Harmonic Analyzer , Transient Disturbance Analyzer, wiring and grounding tester, Flicker Meter, Oscilloscope, multi-meter etc. Introduction to Custom Power Devices-Network Reconfiguration devices; Load compensation and voltage regulation using DSTATCOM; protecting sensitive loads using DVR; Unified power Quality Conditioner. (UPQC)
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
This document summarizes Puneet Manghani's summer practical training report at the 400kV grid sub-station in Heerapura, Jaipur. The sub-station was established in 2000 by the Government of Rajasthan with a capacity of 250 MVA. It discusses the main tasks of sub-stations including fault analysis, voltage control, protection of transmission systems, and reliable power supply. It also provides details about the equipment used at the sub-station, including bus bars, isolators, insulators, circuit breakers, power transformers, the control room, potential and current transformers, relays, lightning arrestors, and the battery room.
Unit-IV
Harmonics: Causes of harmonics; current and voltage harmonics: measurement of harmonics; effects of harmonics on – Transformers, AC Motors, Capacitor Banks, Cables, and Protection
Devices, Energy Metering, Communication Lines etc. harmonic mitigation techniques
This document provides an overview of the key components and functions of an electrical substation. It discusses how transformers are used to increase or decrease voltages, how current transformers and capacitor voltage transformers are used for measurements. It also describes circuit breakers, disconnect switches, surge arresters, protective relays, wave traps, battery backups, control rooms and the protection systems used to quickly detect faults.
The document discusses the functions and types of equipment used in electrical distribution substations. It provides descriptions of common substation equipment such as power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, bus bars, current and potential transformers, capacitors, reactors, protective relays and batteries. It also provides examples of how to calculate primary and secondary currents in transformers of different ratings and briefly discusses some common bus schemes used in Pakistan.
Fundamentals of Power System protection by Y.G.Paithankar and S.R.BhideSourabh Ghosh
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of power system protection. It discusses various types of faults that can occur in power systems such as shunt faults, series faults, and abnormal operating conditions. It describes classification of faults and evolution of protection schemes from isolated to interconnected power systems. Various system transducers such as current transformers, potential transformers and circuit breakers are introduced. Principles of overcurrent, differential, distance and other protection schemes are outlined. Protection of transmission lines, transformers, buses, generators and motors are covered along with numerical protection and static comparators. The document aims to equip students with sound concepts of power system protection to handle real-life scenarios.
The document is a seminar report on switchyard equipment and protection systems at NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Limited in Rourkela, India. It provides an overview of the captive power plant, including its major equipment like generators, transformers, and switchyard components. The switchyard contains 20 operating bays including generators, grid feeders, smelter feeders, and transformers. Important switchyard components discussed include busbars, bus couplers, insulators, circuit breakers, isolators, current and voltage transformers, and lightning arresters.
Power quality harmonics and accuracy april 2013Hyteps B.V.
This document discusses power quality, harmonics, and accuracy standards. It provides an agenda that covers definitions of power quality, improving power quality through solutions like power factor correction, power quality in SATEC products which provide detailed analysis and event logging, and accuracy standards for measurements. Key points covered include definitions of parameters like harmonics, interruptions, and voltage variations, international standards for limits like IEEE 1159 and EN50160, and how meter and CT accuracy classes are determined based on testing to standards like IEC 62053 and 62044.
Power System protection and Metering,Types of Faults and effects,Symmetrical faults,Unsymmetrical faults,Fault Statics,Components of power System protection,Relay,Classification of Relay,Induction relay,thermal relay,Static Relay,Numerical Relay
Bus bars are the nerve center of a power system where various circuits are connected. Differential protection is suitable for bus bars since terminals are near each other, allowing comparison of current entering and leaving via CTs. Any difference signals an internal fault and causes the relay coil to trip circuit breakers on both sides, isolating the bus. CT ratios for bus differential schemes equal the maximum feeder current divided by 1 or 5 amps. External faults may cause maloperation if a CT saturates, but a stabilizing resistance can restrain the relay. Dot convention defines the direction of current flow in CT secondaries. Only class PS CTs should be used to avoid undesired difference currents. Differential protection is important to protect bus bars
1. This is a seminar report submitted by a diploma student on their practical training at the 220kV GSS Mansarovar substation in Jaipur.
2. The substation receives power via incoming feeders from nearby locations and distributes it through outgoing feeders to various locations at 132kV and 33kV levels.
3. The report provides details of the equipment and components at the substation, including busbars, isolators, insulators, protective relays, circuit breakers, transformers, current/potential transformers, and more.
This document outlines the design of a 400kV transmission network from Karuma to Tororo in Uganda. It discusses Uganda's energy policy goals of increasing transmission voltages. Distance and overcurrent relay protection schemes were designed for the transmission lines, transformers, and busbars. Settings were calculated and tables of results presented. Challenges obtaining information from the transmission company and recommending further protection studies were described. The objectives of designing the transmission network and protection relay system were achieved.
The document discusses the costs of power quality issues to businesses and outlines common causes and solutions. It states that power quality problems cost the US economy $120-180 billion annually and outlines specific costs of downtime for different industries. Approximately 30% of power problems come from outside a facility from environmental or grid issues, while 70% are from inside factors like aging equipment or improper wiring. Common power quality events that can damage equipment include sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, imbalances, and fluctuations. The document presents solutions like UPS systems, voltage regulators, filters, and surge protection that can mitigate these issues and protect sensitive equipment.
Medium Voltage Switchgear from RPS Switchgear provides protection of medium voltage power equipment, centralized control and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations http://www.rpsswitchgear.eu
VOLTAGE SAG AND SWELL ALLEVIATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING CUSTOM POWER...Gaddafi Sani
IEEE-Pemc 2014 conference: VOLTAGE SAG AND SWELL ALLEVIATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING CUSTOM POWER DEVICES; D-STATCOM AND DVR. by Abdullahi Kunya, T. Yalcinoz, Gaddafi Shehu
Power System Faults and Protection SystemHarshalJain48
The document discusses various types of faults that can occur in power systems, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. It describes different fault types like line-to-line, line-to-ground, and double line-to-ground faults. Protection devices for power systems are also covered, such as circuit breakers, relays including impedance, distance, and differential relays. Current transformers and potential transformers are explained for their use in protection schemes. Classification of faults by category and probability is presented. Common faults in generators like stator and rotor faults are summarized.
FFC-MM Plantsite Power System Protectionfarazrafi87
The document discusses protection coordination at an electrical substation. It provides an overview of protection coordination and selective coordination. It also details the data required for a coordination study including single line diagrams, system voltages, impedances, and fault current data. The document analyzes several fault scenarios and observations regarding protection coordination and makes recommendations for further audit and testing to improve coordination.
This presentation described in a National Level Conference in CITM College Jaipur named as POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW. This was presented by Sahid Raja Khan B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering) Hons.
Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substationijtsrd
Protection scheme required for the protection of power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults etc., and that essentially consists of protective relaying and circuit breaker. Protective relay senses the fault and determines the location of fault. Then, protective relay sends the tripping command to the circuit breaker. Therefore, proper care should be taken in designing and selecting an appropriate relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The voltage transformer and current transformer continuously measure the voltage and current of an electrical system and are responsible to give feedback signals to the relays to enable then to detect abnormal conditions. This paper describes differential protection for power transformer, especially the rating of purposed system is 100 MVA, 230 kV 33 kV at substation. Thida Win | Hnin Nandar Maung | Ye Min Hein "Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27995.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27995/differential-protection-of-power-transformer-in-substation/thida-win
Power Quality Issues _Literature SurveyKetan Bhavsar
This document summarizes a literature review on power quality issues in industries. It was prepared by five students under the guidance of Prof. N.R. Bhasme. The document defines power quality and discusses various power quality problems such as disturbances, imbalance, distortion, fluctuations and flicker. It describes these problems in detail and lists their possible causes. It also discusses who is affected by power quality issues and how. The document covers monitoring of power quality parameters and the benefits of monitoring. It concludes by emphasizing that power quality issues can result in significant financial losses for businesses.
This document discusses power system protection settings. It begins by introducing the functions of protective relays and the information needed to calculate settings, such as line parameters, transformer parameters, fault studies results, and CT and VT ratios. It then describes the protection settings process and functional elements of protective relays. The document discusses the operating characteristics of overcurrent, directional, and distance protection elements. It explains concepts like current grading, time grading, and directional elements as they relate to achieving selectivity in protection schemes. Finally, it provides more details on distance protection principles and operating characteristics.
The document discusses Thyrotronic rectifiers developed by Benning for use as battery backed up power supplies. Thyrotronic rectifiers have a controlled output characteristic to maintain a constant voltage within ±0.5% as the load varies between 0-100% capacity. They automatically regulate mains voltage and frequency fluctuations of ±10% and ±5% respectively. The rectifiers use lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries and can float charge batteries or provide a boost charge. They include comprehensive monitoring and control features displayed on the front panel.
This document provides information on SUNLIGHT batteries and their technical specifications. It discusses SUNLIGHT's specialized R&D department that works on innovative and cost-effective solutions. It also details that SUNLIGHT batteries comply with international standards and are suitable for various industrial electric vehicles. The document provides details on SUNLIGHT battery components, features, benefits, performance curves and product ranges.
This document provides specifications for a hybrid industrial battery charger. The charger uses phase firing and SCR control to charge batteries at nominal output voltages of 24, 36, 48, 110, or 240 VDC while regulating the output voltage to within 1% and maintaining an efficiency of at least 85%. It operates fully automatically with a 100% duty cycle and includes protections like current limiting and breakers. The document also lists over 30 charger models with ratings that specify input voltages of 220VAC and output currents from 5 to 100 amps for charging batteries to various output voltages.
Fundamentals of Power System protection by Y.G.Paithankar and S.R.BhideSourabh Ghosh
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of power system protection. It discusses various types of faults that can occur in power systems such as shunt faults, series faults, and abnormal operating conditions. It describes classification of faults and evolution of protection schemes from isolated to interconnected power systems. Various system transducers such as current transformers, potential transformers and circuit breakers are introduced. Principles of overcurrent, differential, distance and other protection schemes are outlined. Protection of transmission lines, transformers, buses, generators and motors are covered along with numerical protection and static comparators. The document aims to equip students with sound concepts of power system protection to handle real-life scenarios.
The document is a seminar report on switchyard equipment and protection systems at NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Limited in Rourkela, India. It provides an overview of the captive power plant, including its major equipment like generators, transformers, and switchyard components. The switchyard contains 20 operating bays including generators, grid feeders, smelter feeders, and transformers. Important switchyard components discussed include busbars, bus couplers, insulators, circuit breakers, isolators, current and voltage transformers, and lightning arresters.
Power quality harmonics and accuracy april 2013Hyteps B.V.
This document discusses power quality, harmonics, and accuracy standards. It provides an agenda that covers definitions of power quality, improving power quality through solutions like power factor correction, power quality in SATEC products which provide detailed analysis and event logging, and accuracy standards for measurements. Key points covered include definitions of parameters like harmonics, interruptions, and voltage variations, international standards for limits like IEEE 1159 and EN50160, and how meter and CT accuracy classes are determined based on testing to standards like IEC 62053 and 62044.
Power System protection and Metering,Types of Faults and effects,Symmetrical faults,Unsymmetrical faults,Fault Statics,Components of power System protection,Relay,Classification of Relay,Induction relay,thermal relay,Static Relay,Numerical Relay
Bus bars are the nerve center of a power system where various circuits are connected. Differential protection is suitable for bus bars since terminals are near each other, allowing comparison of current entering and leaving via CTs. Any difference signals an internal fault and causes the relay coil to trip circuit breakers on both sides, isolating the bus. CT ratios for bus differential schemes equal the maximum feeder current divided by 1 or 5 amps. External faults may cause maloperation if a CT saturates, but a stabilizing resistance can restrain the relay. Dot convention defines the direction of current flow in CT secondaries. Only class PS CTs should be used to avoid undesired difference currents. Differential protection is important to protect bus bars
1. This is a seminar report submitted by a diploma student on their practical training at the 220kV GSS Mansarovar substation in Jaipur.
2. The substation receives power via incoming feeders from nearby locations and distributes it through outgoing feeders to various locations at 132kV and 33kV levels.
3. The report provides details of the equipment and components at the substation, including busbars, isolators, insulators, protective relays, circuit breakers, transformers, current/potential transformers, and more.
This document outlines the design of a 400kV transmission network from Karuma to Tororo in Uganda. It discusses Uganda's energy policy goals of increasing transmission voltages. Distance and overcurrent relay protection schemes were designed for the transmission lines, transformers, and busbars. Settings were calculated and tables of results presented. Challenges obtaining information from the transmission company and recommending further protection studies were described. The objectives of designing the transmission network and protection relay system were achieved.
The document discusses the costs of power quality issues to businesses and outlines common causes and solutions. It states that power quality problems cost the US economy $120-180 billion annually and outlines specific costs of downtime for different industries. Approximately 30% of power problems come from outside a facility from environmental or grid issues, while 70% are from inside factors like aging equipment or improper wiring. Common power quality events that can damage equipment include sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, imbalances, and fluctuations. The document presents solutions like UPS systems, voltage regulators, filters, and surge protection that can mitigate these issues and protect sensitive equipment.
Medium Voltage Switchgear from RPS Switchgear provides protection of medium voltage power equipment, centralized control and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations http://www.rpsswitchgear.eu
VOLTAGE SAG AND SWELL ALLEVIATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING CUSTOM POWER...Gaddafi Sani
IEEE-Pemc 2014 conference: VOLTAGE SAG AND SWELL ALLEVIATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING CUSTOM POWER DEVICES; D-STATCOM AND DVR. by Abdullahi Kunya, T. Yalcinoz, Gaddafi Shehu
Power System Faults and Protection SystemHarshalJain48
The document discusses various types of faults that can occur in power systems, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. It describes different fault types like line-to-line, line-to-ground, and double line-to-ground faults. Protection devices for power systems are also covered, such as circuit breakers, relays including impedance, distance, and differential relays. Current transformers and potential transformers are explained for their use in protection schemes. Classification of faults by category and probability is presented. Common faults in generators like stator and rotor faults are summarized.
FFC-MM Plantsite Power System Protectionfarazrafi87
The document discusses protection coordination at an electrical substation. It provides an overview of protection coordination and selective coordination. It also details the data required for a coordination study including single line diagrams, system voltages, impedances, and fault current data. The document analyzes several fault scenarios and observations regarding protection coordination and makes recommendations for further audit and testing to improve coordination.
This presentation described in a National Level Conference in CITM College Jaipur named as POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW. This was presented by Sahid Raja Khan B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering) Hons.
Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substationijtsrd
Protection scheme required for the protection of power system components against abnormal conditions such as faults etc., and that essentially consists of protective relaying and circuit breaker. Protective relay senses the fault and determines the location of fault. Then, protective relay sends the tripping command to the circuit breaker. Therefore, proper care should be taken in designing and selecting an appropriate relay which is reliable, efficient and fast in operation. The voltage transformer and current transformer continuously measure the voltage and current of an electrical system and are responsible to give feedback signals to the relays to enable then to detect abnormal conditions. This paper describes differential protection for power transformer, especially the rating of purposed system is 100 MVA, 230 kV 33 kV at substation. Thida Win | Hnin Nandar Maung | Ye Min Hein "Differential Protection of Power Transformer in Substation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27995.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27995/differential-protection-of-power-transformer-in-substation/thida-win
Power Quality Issues _Literature SurveyKetan Bhavsar
This document summarizes a literature review on power quality issues in industries. It was prepared by five students under the guidance of Prof. N.R. Bhasme. The document defines power quality and discusses various power quality problems such as disturbances, imbalance, distortion, fluctuations and flicker. It describes these problems in detail and lists their possible causes. It also discusses who is affected by power quality issues and how. The document covers monitoring of power quality parameters and the benefits of monitoring. It concludes by emphasizing that power quality issues can result in significant financial losses for businesses.
This document discusses power system protection settings. It begins by introducing the functions of protective relays and the information needed to calculate settings, such as line parameters, transformer parameters, fault studies results, and CT and VT ratios. It then describes the protection settings process and functional elements of protective relays. The document discusses the operating characteristics of overcurrent, directional, and distance protection elements. It explains concepts like current grading, time grading, and directional elements as they relate to achieving selectivity in protection schemes. Finally, it provides more details on distance protection principles and operating characteristics.
The document discusses Thyrotronic rectifiers developed by Benning for use as battery backed up power supplies. Thyrotronic rectifiers have a controlled output characteristic to maintain a constant voltage within ±0.5% as the load varies between 0-100% capacity. They automatically regulate mains voltage and frequency fluctuations of ±10% and ±5% respectively. The rectifiers use lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries and can float charge batteries or provide a boost charge. They include comprehensive monitoring and control features displayed on the front panel.
This document provides information on SUNLIGHT batteries and their technical specifications. It discusses SUNLIGHT's specialized R&D department that works on innovative and cost-effective solutions. It also details that SUNLIGHT batteries comply with international standards and are suitable for various industrial electric vehicles. The document provides details on SUNLIGHT battery components, features, benefits, performance curves and product ranges.
This document provides specifications for a hybrid industrial battery charger. The charger uses phase firing and SCR control to charge batteries at nominal output voltages of 24, 36, 48, 110, or 240 VDC while regulating the output voltage to within 1% and maintaining an efficiency of at least 85%. It operates fully automatically with a 100% duty cycle and includes protections like current limiting and breakers. The document also lists over 30 charger models with ratings that specify input voltages of 220VAC and output currents from 5 to 100 amps for charging batteries to various output voltages.
FIAMM manufactures tubular lead-acid batteries according to international standards. Their LM OPzS battery range provides capacities from 100Ah to 3,500Ah using tubular positive plates for reduced water loss and long service life. Key features include high purity electrolyte, optimized grids and separators, durable containers, and reliable sealing to prevent leakage. The batteries are suitable for backup power applications and have a design life of 20 years under float conditions.
Genikos is a 100% Filipino-owned company that provides stored electrical energy solutions and innovative technologies. It offers a comprehensive portfolio of superior products and technologies to customers around the globe. Genikos was formed in [DATE REDACTED] to meet the growing market needs for electrical and electronic products in the Philippines.
The document describes Gamatronic's mPS-SP series of double conversion online UPS systems. The mPS-SP is an improved version of the mPS model with additional software and hardware features. Key features include true double conversion online topology, microprocessor control, a variety of options, isolation transformer, and extended battery runtime. The UPS units can operate in standalone or parallel configurations for redundancy.
Andrea Walker completed an online continuing education course on providing evidence-based oral healthcare to patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The 2-hour course covered describing Alzheimer's disease and its etiology, recognizing signs and symptoms of the disease, describing drug and non-drug treatments for managing symptoms, and explaining how the disease could impact a patient's dental care plan and what modifications may be necessary. The course aimed to help dental professionals deliver person-centered care and identify resources for the latest Alzheimer's disease information and support groups.
Kelley Indy Undergraduate Program ViewbookBrenda Bishop
This document summarizes the stories of five Kelley School of Business alumni and how they each had a pivotal moment during their time at Kelley that helped propel them in their careers. It discusses how Taylor Sidwell discovered her interest in the sports industry through a study abroad program in Spain. It also describes how Lynnette Sauer found her passion for working in art museums after a conversation with a professor encouraged her to pursue a dual degree in both art and business. The document also summarizes how Caleb Martin realized his passion for volunteering through involvement with student organizations. It concludes with Carlos Garcia who landed a job as a financial analyst after graduation that has taken him across the country, far beyond what he originally imagined for his career path.
George Moseshvili is a Georgian citizen seeking long-term employment where he can utilize his strong communication, analytical, and interpersonal skills. He has over 15 years of experience in banking and sales, including multiple roles at JSC TBC Bank in Tbilisi, Georgia. Most recently, he has worked as a Universal Sales Consultant at TBC Bank since 2015, where he is responsible for opening accounts, providing consulting services, and achieving sales goals. Moseshvili holds a Bachelor's Degree in Merchandise Economy and Marketing from Ivane Javakhishvili State Georgian University.
Este documento resume el análisis técnico del índice bursátil argentino Merval de la semana del 22 de enero de 2016. Explica que el Merval rompió al alza un canal bajista, lo que sugiere una pausa en la tendencia a la baja. Analiza indicadores como ADX, MACD y estocástico para evaluar si la tendencia cambia a alcista o si es una corrección temporal dentro de la tendencia bajista. Propone criterios para ingresar a posiciones largas o cortas dependiendo de si los indicadores conf
Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws on natural and social sciences to both understand our environment and develop solutions to problems. Some of the key challenges we face include pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and depletion of resources like fossil fuels. Achieving sustainability is an important goal that requires meeting environmental, economic and social needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
This document summarizes a newsletter from the Business Council of Mongolia that covers business and economic news in Mongolia. It discusses several mining projects in Mongolia, including Oyu Tolgoi dispelling myths about the project, Rio Tinto polishing its image, and a power struggle over supplying power to Oyu Tolgoi. It also mentions Voyager Resources planning to resume drilling for copper and Centerra acquiring permits to extract gold from low-grade ore. The newsletter provides various other business and economic updates from Mongolia.
Harsh Lamba is an Associate Interactive Developer with over 5 years of experience in frontend technologies like HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, jQuery, AngularJS, and backend technologies like PHP. He has worked on projects in the financial services and media/communications domains. Some of his responsibilities include collaborating with clients, developing new functionality, mentoring colleagues, and communicating with teams. He holds a BSc degree in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.
The document discusses the evolution of viruses from disruption to profit-seeking. Early viruses aimed to damage systems or gain notoriety, but today's viruses spread quietly to steal identities for money. The document provides tips to protect online identity, including keeping software updated, checking URLs, and verifying expected emails. Financial institutions do not use email for sensitive information.
Matthew Dennehy has over 15 years of experience in administration, customer service, and warehouse roles. He has a background in insurance brokering, working with Motability, and distribution and logistics. He is hard working, energetic, and committed to his work with excellent communication skills. He has qualifications in retail skills, key skills in communication, and a certificate in retailing.
The 220/133kV Moulali substation has a capacity of (3*100MVA+2*50MVA). It receives two 220kV lines and steps down the supply to 132kV, 66kV, 33kV and 11kV. The substation contains various equipment including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, capacitor voltage transformers and current transformers. It also has extensive earthing systems to provide safety and reduce damage from faults. The equipment works together to transform and distribute electricity to various areas while protecting the substation from faults and surges on the transmission lines.
This document discusses power system protection devices. It covers the objectives of power system protection which is to isolate faulty sections from the rest of the system. It describes components that need protection like generators, transformers, busbars and transmission lines. The main protective system elements are fuses, protective relays, circuit breakers, and instrument transformers. It discusses different types of relays like electromechanical, static, numerical and thermal relays. It also covers different types of circuit breakers based on voltage level and arc quenching media. Other devices discussed are reclosers, polyswitches, earth leakage and residual current circuit breakers.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Anuj Bansal describing their training at the 400kV substation in Mottiram Adda, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. The report provides details about the electrical equipment at the substation including transformers, cooling fans, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arresters, relays, capacitor voltage transformers, current transformers, the battery room, control room, and single line diagram. It also lists references used in preparing the report.
This document provides an overview of power system engineering concepts related to unbalanced system analysis. It begins with an introduction to symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults on three-phase systems. It then discusses percentage reactance and base KVA, the steps for symmetrical fault calculations, and an introduction to symmetrical components and sequence impedances. The document proceeds to explain single line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults, and double line-to-ground faults. It provides examples of calculating fault currents and sequence components. In summary, the document covers fundamental concepts for analyzing faults in three-phase power systems, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, sequence components, and example calculations.
The document provides information on the SPAJ 110 C earth-fault relay:
1) The relay has two protection stages, a low-set and high-set neutral overcurrent stage, and can be used for primary or back-up earth-fault protection on power systems.
2) Key features include definite time and inverse time operation for the low-set stage, self-diagnostics, serial communication interface, and flexible configuration of protection and output functions.
3) The relay measures earth fault current via current transformers and provides trip and alarm outputs when fault thresholds are exceeded.
An Overview Of Agbami Fpso Electrical Power Systemvkmalik
The document provides an overview of the electrical power system protection on the AGBAMI FPSO. It describes the main, essential, and emergency power systems on board including generator capacity and configuration. It also discusses the various studies conducted on the power system model to determine protection requirements, including load flow analysis, short circuit study, and protective device coordination study. The document outlines the zoning of protection on the power system and the types of protection relays used. It provides examples of protection functions for generators, transformers, switchgear, feeders, and motors.
Digital Relay for protection of high voltage transformers.
Link to the research paper:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262567749_Modeling_and_Testing_of_a_Digital_Differential_Relay_Using_MatLabSimuLink
The digital protective relay is a protective relay that uses a microprocessor to analyze power system voltages, currents or other process quantities for the purpose of detection of faults in an electric power system, industrial process system or High voltage applications.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
This document provides a summary of a project presentation on improving power quality in a distribution system using a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The presentation was given by 5 students and covered the background, problem statement, objectives, methodology, and work schedule of the project. The document discusses various power quality issues like voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and transients. It describes how a DVR works to inject voltage and regulate the load voltage during disturbances. The methodology section explains the basic components and operating mode of a DVR. The work schedule outlines a 16 week plan for the project simulation, testing, and reporting.
The document provides technical specifications for various power factor correction equipment including capacitors, reactors, filters, and control relays. It summarizes key ratings and features of LT and HT capacitors, power factor control relays, capacitor switching contactors, detuned harmonic filters, automatic harmonic filter panels, HT capacitors and reactors, and OSFM active filters. The equipment is designed to improve power quality and power factor in industrial electrical systems.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
Self sustained, continues functioning using internal lithium battery even after the main incomer feeder has tripped.
Safe, complies with the IEC 61010-1 safety standards.
Simple, DIP switch based setting for configuration and diagnostic testing.
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is the very basic definition of switchgear.
⋗To get more with details
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2SvKI7eepP241VLoui1D5A
The document is a product catalogue from Novatek Electro that describes several microcontroller-based protection and automation devices. It includes:
1) Introductions of Novatek Electro and its research, design, and manufacturing capabilities for innovative microcontroller devices.
2) Descriptions of several single phase and three phase voltage monitoring relays that protect loads from voltage fluctuations and provide additional functions.
3) Details of timing relays and a multifunctional programmable timer that can automate processes based on time, light, and voltage conditions.
We are an ISO 9001:2008 certified company, Consisting of highly experienced specialists in the field of engineering in Microprocessor Based Devices as well as engineers of control and safe operation of all types of electric circuits and power systems. In addition NOVATEK-ELECTRO has number of research workers, scientists with Ph.D. degree, research engineers and specialists in precise electronics, laser technology, etc.
This document provides information about various electrical components including MCCB, air circuit breaker, control gear, capacitor, load bank, and testing procedures. It discusses MCCBs, including types (G-frame, A-frame, etc.), testing procedures for thermal, magnetic, trip/not trip, and mechanical endurance testing. Information is also given on air circuit breakers, contactors, thermal overload relays, capacitors, load banks, APFC panels, busbar chambers, and MCCB enclosures.
2. Sterostab
Sterostab
THEULTIMATESTABILISINGTARGETElectrodynamicvoltagestabilisers
MinistabandSterostab.Theultimatestabilisingtarget
The wider use of equipment with non linear absorption
such as rectifiers, speed variators, drives, switching
power supplies, has caused, besides traditional and well
known voltage fluctuations, the spreading of a new
insidious type of electrical fault: harmonic distortion.
This fault “deceives” traditional stabilising systems that,
in its presence, read wrong input voltage values. As a
consequence a voltage is delivered with an efficient value
that differs from the rated one, becoming greater as the
harmonic distortion of the mains increases.
Ministab and Sterostab stabilisaers are IREM’s
technological and innovative answer to this problem,
permitting to supply electric users with a voltage
stabilised to the rated value they have been designed for
even in presence of strong harmonic distortions.
3. IRPower supply interferences
and failures
MinistabMinistabFailures on the distribution lines, atmospheric discharges,
continual load variations and disturbances generated by the
users make it impossible to guarantee always a steady voltage
within the tolerance bandwidth stipulated in the supply
contract with the electric energy producer.
Very often the tolerance is insufficient for more sensitive
facilities. Other times the mains voltage reaches levels
that exceed theforeseen rated value by 15, 20 or even
25%.
The voltage fluctuations are particularly treacherous
interferences since they are not seen and can only
be detected by using specific equipment. When such
interferences are present, the electrical equipment seems
to maintain correct operation but disguises serious
problems that at times are beyond repair. Even an
ordinary light bulb, if overpowered by 10%, continues to
give light, but halves its operating life.
The situation becomes much more serious in the case of
voltage variations on more complicated equipment.
• a computer may become damaged or make unexpected
errors;
• a laser cutting machine
undergoes changes in the
“laserbeam mode”, resulting
in cutting burrs or the
shutting off of the beam;
• a transmitter gives
signal distortion and its
components age more
quickly;
• an electric drive causes
undesired changes in the
speed of the powered motor
and damage to the data
storage and power terminals;
• an “electromedical” device
gives incorrect results,
wastes expensive reagents
and loses the samples to be
analysed.
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4. Applications
Sterostab
Sterostab
Ministab and Sterostab are registered names of two
series of electrodynamic voltage stabilisers that offer a
reliable and tested economic solution to inconveniences
caused by voltage fluctuation. To use Ministab and
Sterostab is a real investment because the elimination
of the inconveniences means a reduction in costs and an
increase in productivity. Very often it is only necessary to
avoid a few minutes machine downtime or just one failure
to repay the cost of the stabilisers. Ministab and Sterostab
are particularly suitable for applications that require:
• high reliability. For example they can be installed
in areas with difficult access, subject to critical
environment conditions due to cold, high temperatures,
humidity, atmospheric discharges.
• capability to compensate wide mains voltage variations
(both symmetrical up to ±25%, and asymmetrical from
-35% to +15%).
This is a typical requirement of equipment installed in
areas that are far from the distribution cabin and in fast
developing countries.
• high precision of the stabilised voltage. Ideal condition
for calibration and inspection stands, electric furnaces,
professional lighting systems.
• stabilising of high power services or with a strong inrush
current, such as: motors, air conditioners, compressors,
pumps.
• simple and limited maintenance.
Most important where it is difficult to find
qualified personnel for servicing.
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5. MinistabMinistab
Ministab and Sterostab regulate through a series
transformer. A static control circuit drives the variable
autotransformer that supplies the required voltage to the
series transformer either in phase or phase opposition
to bring the mains to the rated value. The three-phase
stabilisers are available in two versions:
• T models which regulate on the average of the three
phases and are therefore suitable for balanced lines or
for a maximum load unbalance between the phases up
to 50%.
• Y models that, having three separate control circuits,
individually regulate each phase and are therefore
suitable for unbalanced lines and load unbalance
between phases up to 100%.
Operating principles
SINGLE-PHASE STABILISERS M
THREE-PHASE STABILISERS T
THREE-PHASE STABILISERS Y
T = series transformer
R = variable autotransformer
C = electronic control circuit
M = servomotor
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T2
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INPUTINPUT
STABILISED
OUTPUT
STABILISED
OUTPUT
STABILISED
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6. General features
Accuracy
Ministab and Sterostab ensure the “true RMS value” of
the voltage with an accuracy range that varies according
to the model from ±0.5% to ±1.5%, even where strong
harmonic distortions are present on the line.
Fast response
The advanced electronic control circuit ensures a fast
response, from 11 to 50 ms/Volt according to the model.
A controlled deceleration minimises overshoots.
Overload capacity
A typical characteristic of the Ministab and Sterostab
regulation system. In fact, they can support without
damage overloads up to 10 times the rated current for
10 milliseconds, 5 times for 6 seconds and 2 times for 1
minute.
Efficiency
At full load the range is from 96% for small models to
98% for the larger units.
Unaffected by power factor and load
variations
The Ministab and Sterostab operating principle
ensures that the equipment accuracy and regulation
speed characteristics remain unaltered under any load
conditions, with inductive or capacitive loads.
Sterostab
Sterostab
Range
IREM voltage regulators are available in power rating from
1 kVA to 3300 kVA. Models up to 100 kVA can usually
be delivered ex stock. Upon request we can supply
stabilisers with the following characteristics:
• single-phase voltages: 100-110-115-120-127-200-220-
230-240-265-277 Volt. three-phase voltages: 208-220-
230-240-380-400-415-440-460-480-500 Volt
• Frequency: 50 or 60 Hz.
• Indoor versions (IP20, IP21, IP31, IP54), outdoor
versions (IP44, IP54), and open frame versions IP00.
• Special versions fitted with: ammeter, frequency meter,
multi-function meter, input or output circuit breaker
(with or without earth leakage), manual or automatic
by-pass, isolating transformer, surge arresters (lightning
protection), over/under voltage protection, thermal
relay, soft start, reversed phase sequence and phase
failure protection. Tropicalized versions.
7. MinistabMinistab
Unaffected by frequency variations
The servomotor control circuit operates correctly with
mains frequency variations up to ±5%.
Negligible waveform distortion
The high quality materials and their correct use ensure
that harmonic distortion is always less than 0.2% under
any working conditions.
Low intemal impedance
Installation of Ministab and Sterostab in already existing
systems does not require new calculations for protections
since their internal impedance varying from 0.52 to 0.015
ohm does not significantly affect the line impedance.
Operating temperature
Ministab and Sterostab have been designed to operate
correctly with a maximum environment temperature of
40°C under the worst conditions: continuous operation,
full load, minimum input voltage value.
Reliability
The continual improvements that the Ministab and
Sterostab have undergone in over 50 years of activity
during which IREM has manufactured over 230,000
stabilisers have obtained an exceptional MTBF for these
devices.
Conformity to standards
Ministab and Sterostab conform to the
requirements of the following standards: Electro
Magnetic Compatibility 89/336/EEC and following
amendments; Low Voltage Electrical Equipment
73/23/EEC and following amendments.
devices
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8. IREM SpA - Via Abegg 75 - 10050 Borgone - Torino - ITALY
Tel. ++39 011 9648211 - Fax ++39 011 9648222
e-mail: irem@irem.it - www.irem.it
99533932.06
IREM is a leading company in the manufacture of electromechanical and electronic
equipment for the control of the mains power in the following sectors:
- powering of discharge lamps for professional applications;
- protection of electric users against line disturbances;
- luminous flux regulation in lighting plants;
- power generation by micro hydroelectric plants.
Since its foundation in 1947, IREM has gained wide recognition due to the reliability
and innovative content of its higt-tech products. A reliable company
deserving the Oscar-Award. In 1992, in Los Angeles,
Mario Celso - founder of IREM - was granted the
“Scientific-Technical Award” by the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences.
Two production plants, a philosophy based on “quality upgranding”
as the company’s primary concern and direct export exceeding 50%
of the global turnover are a warranty of continuity and development.
Experience, quality and professional skill: these are the factors that
permitted IREM to achieve in 1993 the certification of its quality
system in compliance with UNI EN ISO 9001 standard, a further
confirmation of IREM commitment to constantim provement to
ensure the maximum satisfaction of the customer and its capacity to
guarantee:
• a constant quality standard
• precision and repeatability of all working processes
• dropping of acceptance control at the customer’s plant
• identification and traceability of a product through the years.
In year 2000, IREM obtained the certification of its environment management system
according to UNI EN ISO 14001 standard.This certification is a firm demonstration
of the company’s will to protect the environment not just through its products, but
also via precise patterns of behaviour.
IREM.ExperienceandQuality
www.think-adv.com
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