The process of reducing a given DFA to its minimal form is called as minimization of DFA. DFA minimization is also called as Optimization of DFA and uses partitioning algorithm.
Breadth First Search & Depth First SearchKevin Jadiya
The slides attached here describes how Breadth first search and Depth First Search technique is used in Traversing a graph/tree with Algorithm and simple code snippet.
Breadth First Search & Depth First SearchKevin Jadiya
The slides attached here describes how Breadth first search and Depth First Search technique is used in Traversing a graph/tree with Algorithm and simple code snippet.
simple problem to convert NFA with epsilon to without epsilonkanikkk
conversion of NFA,this will helps to easily solve the problems
by this small example you can solve large problems also.by solving this type of small problems we can get a more ideas to solve this type of problems
Push Down Automata (PDA) | TOC (Theory of Computation) | NPDA | DPDAAshish Duggal
Push Down Automata (PDA) is part of TOC (Theory of Computation)
From this presentation you will get all the information related to PDA also it will help you to easily understand this topic. There is also one example.
This PPT is very helpful for Computer science and Computer Engineer
(B.C.A., M.C.A., B.TECH. , M.TECH.)
a. Concept and Definition✓
b. Inserting and Deleting nodes ✓
c. Linked implementation of a stack (PUSH/POP) ✓
d. Linked implementation of a queue (Insert/Remove) ✓
e. Circular List
• Stack as a circular list (PUSH/POP) ✓
• Queue as a circular list (Insert/Remove) ✓
f. Doubly Linked List (Insert/Remove) ✓
For more course related material:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/
Personal blog
www.ashimlamichhane.com.np
Assembly language is the most basic programming language available for any processor. Programs written in assembly languages are compiled by an assembler. Every assembler has its own assembly language, which is designed for one specific computer architecture.
simple problem to convert NFA with epsilon to without epsilonkanikkk
conversion of NFA,this will helps to easily solve the problems
by this small example you can solve large problems also.by solving this type of small problems we can get a more ideas to solve this type of problems
Push Down Automata (PDA) | TOC (Theory of Computation) | NPDA | DPDAAshish Duggal
Push Down Automata (PDA) is part of TOC (Theory of Computation)
From this presentation you will get all the information related to PDA also it will help you to easily understand this topic. There is also one example.
This PPT is very helpful for Computer science and Computer Engineer
(B.C.A., M.C.A., B.TECH. , M.TECH.)
a. Concept and Definition✓
b. Inserting and Deleting nodes ✓
c. Linked implementation of a stack (PUSH/POP) ✓
d. Linked implementation of a queue (Insert/Remove) ✓
e. Circular List
• Stack as a circular list (PUSH/POP) ✓
• Queue as a circular list (Insert/Remove) ✓
f. Doubly Linked List (Insert/Remove) ✓
For more course related material:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/
Personal blog
www.ashimlamichhane.com.np
Assembly language is the most basic programming language available for any processor. Programs written in assembly languages are compiled by an assembler. Every assembler has its own assembly language, which is designed for one specific computer architecture.
Maxima and Minima of Functions of Two Independent Variables.
As the name suggests, this topic is devoted to the method of finding the maximum and the minimum values of a function in a given domain.
The theory of computation is a branch of computer science and mathematics combined. It deals with how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm.
A binary tree is a finite set of nodes that either is empty or consists of a root and two disjoint binary trees called the left subtree and the right subtree.
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Homogeneous function is one with multiplicative scaling behaviour - if all its arguments are multiplied by a factor, then its value is multiplied by some power of this factor.
In data communication and networking, a Protocol defines the rules that both the sender and receiver and all intermediate devices need to follow to be able to communicate effectively.
NLP is a tool for computers to analyse, comprehend, and derive meaning from natural language in an intelligent and useful way. Natural language processing helps computers communicate with humans in their own language and scales other language-related tasks.
Smart computing, next-generation computing, is a combination of hardware, software, and network to provide real-time awareness of real-time systems. The real world gets smart by connecting it to a computer, and computer get smart by connecting to the real world.
As a student, you should be developing work ethic and etiquette skill sets to prepare you for the work environment. Developing professional habits and manners is more important now than ever before.
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Professional communication in written form requires skill and expertise. And whether you're starting a new job, introducing yourself at a networking event or pitching for new work, here are some things to consider ...
Servlets work on the server-side. Servlets are capable of handling complex requests obtained from the web-server. There are many (competing) server-side technologies available: Java-based (servlet, JSP, JSF, Struts, Spring, Hibernate), ASP, PHP, CGI Script, and many others.
Jenkin is an open source automation server which can be used to automate all sorts of tasks related to building, testing, and delivering or deploying software.
Data science, Know as data-driven science, is also an interdisciplinary field of scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge or insights from data in various forms, either structured or unstructured, similar to data mining.
All these acronyms are often loosely used in the field of technology. It is important to understand that all these acronyms are part of Artificial Intelligence (AI) umbrella.
Sentiment Analysis has become a hot-trend topic of scientific and market research; it is a natural language processing technique used to determine whether data is positive, negative or neutral.
The popular object-oriented languages are Java, C#, PHP, Python, C++, etc. The main aim of object-oriented programming is to implement real-world entities.
High speed computing was implemented in supercomputer for scientific research. HPC clusters provide the most efficient, flexible, cost effective computing environments for HPC simulations.
Power BI is a business analytics service by Microsoft. BI
Microsoft Power BI is a suite of business intelligence (BI), reporting, and data visualization products and services for individuals and teams. You can access your data from anywhere with the Power BI app.
AVL tree Named after their inventor Adelson, Velski & Landis, is a self-balancing Binary Search Tree (BST) where the difference between heights of left and right subtrees cannot be more than one for all nodes.
Yoga — a mind-body practice — is considered one of many types of complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental disciplines that may help you achieve peacefulness of body and mind.
More from International Institute of Information Technology (I²IT) (20)
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Minimization of DFA
1. Minimization of DFA
Tambre Keshav
Information Technology
International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT
www.isquareit.edu.in
2. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Minimization of DFA
Definition:
The process of reducing a given DFA to its minimal form is called
as minimization of DFA.
It contains the minimum number of states.
The DFA in its minimal form is called as a Minimal DFA
Minimization of DFA Using Equivalence Theorem-
Step-01:
Eliminate all the dead states and inaccessible states from the given
DFA.
Dead State
All those non-final states which transit to itself for all input symbols
in ∑ are called as dead states.
Inaccessible State
All those states which can never be reached from the initial state
are called as inaccessible states.
3. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Minimization of DFA
Step-02:
Draw a state transition table for the given DFA.
Transition table shows transition of all states on all input
symbols in Σ.
Step-03:
Now, start applying equivalence theorem.
Take a counter variable k and initialize it with value 0.
Divide Q (set of states) into two sets such that one set contains
all the non-final states and other set contains all the final states.
This partition is called P0.
4. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Minimization of DFA
Step-04:
Increment k by 1.
Find Pk by partitioning the different sets of Pk-1 .
In each set of Pk-1 , consider all the possible pair of states
within each set and if the two states are distinguishable,
partition the set into different sets in Pk.
Two states q1 and q2 are distinguishable in partition Pk for any
input symbol ‘a’,
if δ (q1, a) and δ (q2, a) are in different sets in partition Pk-1.
Step-05:
Repeat step-04 until no change in partition occurs.
In other words, when you find Pk = Pk-1, stop.
Step-06:
All those states which belong to the same set are equivalent.
The equivalent states are merged to form a single state in the
minimal DFA.
Number of states in Minimal DFA= Number of sets in Pk
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Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Minimization of DFA
6. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Step-01:
The given DFA contains no dead states and inaccessible states.
Step-02:
Draw a state transition table-
a b
→q0 q1 q2
q1 q1 q3
q2 q1 q2
q3 q1 *q4
*q4 q1 q2
Step-03:
Now using Equivalence Theorem, we have-
P0 = { q0 , q1 , q2 , q3 } { q4 }
P1 = { q0 , q1 , q2 } { q3 } { q4 }
P2 = { q0 , q2 } { q1 } { q3 } { q4 }
P3 = { q0 , q2 } { q1 } { q3 } { q4 }
Minimization of DFA
7. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Minimize the given DFA-
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Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Step-01:
State q3 is inaccessible from the initial state.
So, we eliminate it and its associated edges from DFA.
The resulting DFA is-
9. International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT, P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase 1, Pune - 411 057
Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
Step-02:
Draw a state transition table-
a b
→q0 *q1 q0
*q1 *q2 *q1
*q2 *q1 *q2
Step-03:
Now using Equivalence Theorem, we have-
P0 = { q0 } { q1 , q2 }
P1 = { q0 } { q1 , q2 }
Since P1 = P0, so we stop.
From P1, we infer that states q1 and q2 are equivalent and can be merged
together.
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Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
So, minimal DFA is-
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Phone - +91 20 22933441/2/3 | Website - www.isquareit.edu.in | Email - info@isquareit.edu.in
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