The document summarizes key events in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. It discusses how Japan invaded and took control of the Philippines to secure military bases. This led the Philippine government to evacuate to Australia while Japan established a puppet government. The Japanese faced resistance from guerilla groups. American forces began liberating the Philippines in 1944 through major battles until the country was fully liberated after Japan's surrender in 1945.

1. PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT
MAIN OBJECTIVES
1. To prevent use of Philippines as an advance American
military base.
2. To acquire staging areas and supply bases to enhance
operations.
3. To secure communication lines from japanese home
Island.
THE PACIFIC WAR
 Japan invaded the Manchuria, China, French indo
China, and Dutch east Indies.
 USAFFE (July 31,1941)
o US Army Forces in The Far East
o A combined military forces of American and
Filipino Soldiers under the command of
GENERAL DOUGLAS MacArthur(26
January 1880 – 5 April 1964)
 USAFFE FOUR COMMANDS
o North Luzon Force(Dec. 3,1941)
-Maj. Gen. Jonathan Wainright
o South Luzon Force(Dec. 13,1941)
-Brig.Gen. George Parker Jr.
o Visayan Mindanao Forces
-Brig. Gen. William Sharp
o USAFFE Reserved
-Gen. Douglas MacArthur
 Philippine National Red Cross
o Conducted practice evacuation in Manila
 July 10, 1941- first simulated blackout in Manila.
 October 6, 1941- total blackout in archipelago.
 December 7, 1941 ( Washington time)
o Admiral K. Nomura was in the Washington
to present Japan’s peace proposal.
o PEARL HARBOR attacked by Japanese
Forces in Hawaii.( naval US pacific fleet of
America)
U.S. Battleships Row In Pearl Harbor
1.Nevada - Just over a half hour after the Nevada was hit
by one torpedo, the Nevada got underway and left its berth
in Battleship Row to head toward the harbor entrance.
2.Arizona - The Arizona was struck a number of times by
bombs. Approximately 1,100 of her crew were killed. A
memorial has since been placed over the
Arizona’s wreckage.
3.Tennessee - The Tennessee was hit by two bombs and
was damaged by oil fires after the nearby Arizona exploded.
However, it stayed afloat.
4.West Virginia - The West Virginia was hit by up to nine
torpedoes and quickly sank.
5.Maryland - The Maryland was hit by two bombs but was
not heavily damaged.
6.Oklahoma - The Oklahoma was hit by up to nine
torpedoes and then listed so severely that she turned nearly
upside down. Despite being upside down, a large number of
her crew remained trapped on board.
7.California - The California was struck by two torpedoes
and hit by a bomb.
JAPANESE FIRST ATTACKED IN THE PHILIPPINES
 December 8, 1941 (Philippine time)- Under the
command of Gen. Masaharu Homma, Air Attacks
conducted in Davao, Toguegarao, Zambales, Tarlac
and Clark field.( airplane naval base in the Phil.)
 December 9, 1941- Manila First wartime air raid by
Japanese forces.
JAPANESE LANDING IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Appari and Vigan, Ilocos Sur (December10, 1941)
 Legazpi, Albay ( December 12, 1941)
 Davao ( December 20)
 Lingayen, Pangasinan (December 22, 1941)- under
command of Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma a 45,000
Japanese troops landed.
WAR PLAN ORANGE 3 (RAINBOW 5)
 Master plan that ordered the withdrawal of all island
forces to Bataan peninsula.
 Required the evacuation of all Civilian within the
Area before the Entry of Japanese Troops.
COMMONWEALTH EXILE
 December 24, 1941 – Pres. Manuel Quezon , His
Family and His War Cabinet moved to Corregidor
together with Sec. Justice Jose Abad Santos , Vice
President Sergio Osmeña, Gen. Basilio Valdez, and
Col. Manuel Nieto.
 February 18, 1942 – Commonwealth left Corregidor
on board Submarine Swordfish.
 February 20, 1942 - Commonwealth landed in
Australia to America.
MANILA AS AN OPEN CITY
 December 26, 1941- Gen. Douglas MacArthur
declared Manila as an Open City.

2. PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT
JAPANESE IN MANILA
 January 2, 1942- Japanese Forces entered Manila
GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR ESCAPED
 March 11, 1942- under Pres. Roosevelt, Gen
Douglas MacArthur left Corregidor and went to
Australia.
 March 17, 1942 – after landing in Australia, Gen.
MacArthur promised to Filipino people and said that
“ I came Through and I Shall Return”
 USFIP( US FORCES in THE PHILIPPINES)
-Activated under the Command of Gen. Jonathan
Wainrigth.
CORREGIDOR
 the tadpole shaped defensive fort of three square
miles of island at the mouth of Manila Bay
 had three supporting islands
• Caballo
• Carabao
• El Fraile
FALL OF BATAAN
 April 9, 1942 – under Major General Edward "Ned"
P. King, Jr, Bataan surrendered to Japanese
Forces under the command of Lt. General
Masaharu Homma.
DEATH MARCH (70 Km march)
o The infamous Bataan Death March was one of the
greatest atrocities of World War II.
o More than 75,000 U.S. and Filipino soldiers were
forced to become Prisoners of War.
o This was a 70-mile forced march of American and
Filipino soldiers by Japanese forces.
o Phase One: March the prisoners 19 miles to
Pampanga
Phase Two: Load the prisoners into 200 trucks to
transport them 33 miles to a train station
Phase Three: Prisoners march 8 more miles to
Camp O'Donnell
BATAAN DEATH MARCH ROUTE
1. MARIVELES tp San Fernando, Pampanga (55 Km
March)
2. San Fernando, Pampanga to Capas, Tarlac ( Travel by
Train herded into BoxCart)
3. Capas, Tarlac to Camp O’ Donnel (Walk 7 Km to prison
camp)
 VOICE OF FREEDOM- radio station inside Malinta
tunnel in Corregidor.
 May 6, 1942- General Jonathan Wainright
broadcast the surrender of Corregidor and all troops
in the Philippines.
JAPANESE MARTIAL LAW
 January 3, 1942- Japan Established JAPANESE
MILITARY ADMINISTRATION under Gen.
Masaharu Homma as Gen. Director and imposed
Martial Law in the Country.
 Detention Camps became place of torture.
 January 23, 1942- Central Administrative
Organization established as replace in
Commonwealth Government.
o Jorge Vargas – Chairman of Executive
commission.
o The following was appointed as department
heads:
1. Benigno Aquino, Sr.( interior),
2. Antonio de las Alas (finance),
3. Jose P. Laurel (justice)
4. Claro M. Recto (education, health,
and public welfare)
5. Quintin Paredes (public works and
communication)
6. Jose Yulo (Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court)
 Feb. 17 , 1942
o Japanese educational Policies enacted
through Military Order No.2 (promoting
Filipino culture, spiritual enrichment
among Filipino families, propagation of
Japanese language- Nipongo and the
implementation of GREATER EAST
ASIA CO-PROSPHERITY SPHERE.)
 Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo (January 21, 1942 )
o “Established the Philippines for the Filipinos’
o GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPHERITY
SPHERE- a long range economic plan for
Japanese conquered territories.
REFORMING THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
 December 2, 1942- KALIBAPI (Kapisanan ng
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas), Organization

3. PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT
in the Service of the New Philippines was the only
Political Party allowed during this period.
o Jose Vargas – Ex Officio
o Benigno Aquino-Director General
 October 14, 1943- Proclamation of Philippine
Independence and inauguration of Republic of the
Philippines.
PUPPET REPUBLIC (October 14, 1943)
– Second Republic / Japanese Sponsored-Republic.
o Jose P. Laurel –President
o Benigno Aquino, Sr-Vice President
o Antonio de las Alas -Minister of finance
o Claro M. Recto – Minister of Foreign Affairs
o Quintin Paredes – Minister of Agriculture and
Commerce
o Jose Yulo - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
o Teofilo Sison- Minister of Justice
o Jose Villa – Acting Executive Secretary
GUERILLA – Anti Japanese Movements
 HUKBALAHAP- Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa
Hapon / People’s Anti- Japanese Army (1942)
lead by Luis Taruc of Partido Komunnista ng
Pilipinas .
 Founded in bounderies of Nueva Ecija and Tarlac
mostly consisting Peasants and Workers.
 THE LEADER OF HUK’S
1. LUIS TARUC
2. Castro Alejandrino
3. Bernardo Poblete
4. Eusebio Aquino
5. Felipa Culala
6. Lope Dela Rosa
7. Mariano Franco
 Fundamental Spirit- Document guiding principles
of the Huk’s
 Iron Discipline- Document duties and priviliges of
Huk’s soldier.
 Katubusan ng Bayan- Principal Huk Publication
JAPANESE COLLABORATORS
 GANAPs- Serve as Spies for the Japanese military
authorities.
 PULAHULANES- Acted as guides for the Japanese
in their efforts to arrest people who supported the
geurilla cause.
 PALAAKs – Worked as gurads for Japanese army
 UNITED NIPPON- Wore army uniforms as part of
Japanese Military .
 PAMPARS( Pambansang Pag-asa ng mga Anak ni
Rizal)- organized in Pililia, Rizal, a group members
wore blue denim uniforms with short pants.
 MAKAPILI(Dec.8, 1944)-[Makabayan: Katipunan ng
mga Pilipino] headed by Artemio Ricarte, Benigno
Ramos, Pio Duran
FIVE MORTAL ENEMIES OF FILIPINO
1. Japanese Military
2. Diseases
3. The guerillas
4. Hunger
5. Japanese paid Filipino spies
SOCIAL CONDITION
 People lived with fear from Japanese
atrocities.
 Many people died of starvation
 Comport Women increased(Raped and
abused by Japanese official)
ECONOMIC CONDITION
 Mickey Mouse Money – the currency used during
the Japanese era
 Malnutrition was rampant
 Kangkong became a common food to fight hunger
THE JAPANESE INFLUENCES
 Livelihood
 The Filipinos learned to engage indifferent
businesses like buy and sell and barter trade to earn
a living.
 In Literature, Filipinos were encouraged towrite on a
condition that they would useTagalog as medium.
However, the writersdid not fully enjoyed the
freeedom of expression
 Entertainment

4. PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT
RECONQUERING PHILIPPINES
 Oct.20,1944- AMERICAN FLEET ON PALO,LEYTE
o Together with Gen. Douglas MacArthur and
Sergio Osmena.
 Oct. 24 - 26, 1944 - BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF
o Greatest naval battle in history
o almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet-
said to have signaled the beginning of
Philippine liberation from the Japanese
 January 9, 1945- American in Lingayen Gulf
 February 3, 1945- American entered in Manila
 March 3, 1945 – American had won the war in
Manila .
 April 26,1945- Baguio was captured
 June 4, 1945- Gen. Douglas MacArthur declared
independence of the Philippines from Japanese
invasion
 July 4, 1945- completed liberating Luzon.
 Aug. 6-9, 1945- Atomic bomb in Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Emperor Hirorito declared the surrender
of Japanese troops.
 September 2, 1945- Formal end of world War II in
Asia after signing a treaty on board USS Missouri at
Tokyo Bay.
 September 3,1945 (Appari, Cagayan)- The last
Japanese Army troops surrendered under Gen.
Tomoyuki Yamashita
BY: JONALYN TIMBAL
BSE MATH 3B
URSR
NOTES: