Miley cyrus
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•56 views
Miley Cyrus is an American pop singer and actress who became famous at a young age starring in the Disney Channel show Hannah Montana. This vaulted her to stardom among millions of young fans worldwide during the social media craze. However, she has since become controversial due to her sexually explicit behavior and views. While she has had success as an entertainer with three number one albums, the author argues she is a bad role model for young people and uses minority culture for personal gain without being genuine.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
The Neighbourhood
The Neighbourhood is an alternative rock band formed in 2011 in Newbury Park, California. They are composed of five members between the ages of 20-22. The band gained popularity starting in 2012 through releasing moody tracks on social media with no background information. Their fan base grew larger after releasing their debut EP "I'm Sorry", and they have since released one album and multiple EPs and singles, with five music videos.
Target audience profile
The document profiles the target audience for an indie/rock magazine as male and female teenagers and young adults aged 14-25. This age group enjoys connecting with lyrics that can vary from upbeat to soft and are interested in information about upcoming concerts and artists. Typical fans of this genre wear dark or floral clothes and converse/doc martins shoes and enjoy attending live music events with friends. Examples provided include profiles of the bands Coldplay and Foo Fighters, as well as fans Charlie, Olivia, and Sophina who are interested in discovering new music, reading about releases, tours, and interviews.
Target audience research
Kanye West was born in Georgia but raised in Chicago. He pursued a music career after only one year of art college. Jay-Z hired him as a producer, which led to a record deal. West has produced six successful studio albums and won several awards. He is known for his charity work to reduce dropout rates. Common assumptions about his audience include that they are mostly male, urban-dwelling teens who get in trouble and use drugs. However, survey results found the assumptions about urban living and trouble were false, and family backgrounds were mixed.
Target audience media
This document analyzes the target audience for a music video being produced by Dominic Ball and Harry Longman. It identifies the target audience as being predominantly male aged 18-35, from diverse ethnic backgrounds belonging to socioeconomic classes E-B. Psychographic profiles show the target audience can be described as "Aspirers, Mainstream, and Strugglers." A survey of 20 people and mood board were used to understand preferences around music video genres, consumption habits, and memorable elements to include in the video. The document proposes addressing this audience with a conceptual narrative storyline, inclusion of male-oriented subjects, modern visuals, and city filming locations.
Pop genre media
This document discusses the pop music genre. Pop music originated from the term "popular" as it is very popular worldwide. Pop targets a wide audience from teenagers to those over 30. Some well-known pop artists mentioned are Justin Bieber, Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Adele, and Pink.
Target audience research
The document summarizes secondary research conducted to identify the target audience for a pop music video. It finds that the genre of pop is mainstream, appealing to both male and female teenagers and young adults. Research of popular artists on YouTube, social media platforms, music charts, and TV shows demonstrated that pop has a wide reach across demographics but particularly attracts female teenage fans. Research on websites profiling music tastes by age and gender showed that pop appeals most strongly to teenage girls, which the document establishes as the target demographic.
Pop music survey
Pop music is a genre that originated in the Western world. The document focuses on teen pop music, which is usually featured on charts from stations like Capital FM, Kiss FM, and Radio 1. The author decided to focus on pop music for ages 9 to 15 years old and includes a survey to understand preferences of this age group related to pop artists, appeal to different genders, magazine colors, eye-catching elements on covers, and time spent listening to music.
Project phoenix evaluation
Project Phoenix was a study conducted by Bauer media that surveyed 1,800 people aged 16-45 to understand music listeners. The study identified 4 main types of music listeners: 1) Background Listeners who enjoy music but are not passionate about it, 2) Headliners who follow popular artists and charts, 3) Track Hunters who like discovering new artists, and 4) Pace-setters who listen to non-mainstream music passionately. The findings showed that most people are more interested in music than other hobbies and enjoy live music.
Recommended
The Neighbourhood
The Neighbourhood is an alternative rock band formed in 2011 in Newbury Park, California. They are composed of five members between the ages of 20-22. The band gained popularity starting in 2012 through releasing moody tracks on social media with no background information. Their fan base grew larger after releasing their debut EP "I'm Sorry", and they have since released one album and multiple EPs and singles, with five music videos.
Target audience profile
The document profiles the target audience for an indie/rock magazine as male and female teenagers and young adults aged 14-25. This age group enjoys connecting with lyrics that can vary from upbeat to soft and are interested in information about upcoming concerts and artists. Typical fans of this genre wear dark or floral clothes and converse/doc martins shoes and enjoy attending live music events with friends. Examples provided include profiles of the bands Coldplay and Foo Fighters, as well as fans Charlie, Olivia, and Sophina who are interested in discovering new music, reading about releases, tours, and interviews.
Target audience research
Kanye West was born in Georgia but raised in Chicago. He pursued a music career after only one year of art college. Jay-Z hired him as a producer, which led to a record deal. West has produced six successful studio albums and won several awards. He is known for his charity work to reduce dropout rates. Common assumptions about his audience include that they are mostly male, urban-dwelling teens who get in trouble and use drugs. However, survey results found the assumptions about urban living and trouble were false, and family backgrounds were mixed.
Target audience media
This document analyzes the target audience for a music video being produced by Dominic Ball and Harry Longman. It identifies the target audience as being predominantly male aged 18-35, from diverse ethnic backgrounds belonging to socioeconomic classes E-B. Psychographic profiles show the target audience can be described as "Aspirers, Mainstream, and Strugglers." A survey of 20 people and mood board were used to understand preferences around music video genres, consumption habits, and memorable elements to include in the video. The document proposes addressing this audience with a conceptual narrative storyline, inclusion of male-oriented subjects, modern visuals, and city filming locations.
Pop genre media
This document discusses the pop music genre. Pop music originated from the term "popular" as it is very popular worldwide. Pop targets a wide audience from teenagers to those over 30. Some well-known pop artists mentioned are Justin Bieber, Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Adele, and Pink.
Target audience research
The document summarizes secondary research conducted to identify the target audience for a pop music video. It finds that the genre of pop is mainstream, appealing to both male and female teenagers and young adults. Research of popular artists on YouTube, social media platforms, music charts, and TV shows demonstrated that pop has a wide reach across demographics but particularly attracts female teenage fans. Research on websites profiling music tastes by age and gender showed that pop appeals most strongly to teenage girls, which the document establishes as the target demographic.
Pop music survey
Pop music is a genre that originated in the Western world. The document focuses on teen pop music, which is usually featured on charts from stations like Capital FM, Kiss FM, and Radio 1. The author decided to focus on pop music for ages 9 to 15 years old and includes a survey to understand preferences of this age group related to pop artists, appeal to different genders, magazine colors, eye-catching elements on covers, and time spent listening to music.
Project phoenix evaluation
Project Phoenix was a study conducted by Bauer media that surveyed 1,800 people aged 16-45 to understand music listeners. The study identified 4 main types of music listeners: 1) Background Listeners who enjoy music but are not passionate about it, 2) Headliners who follow popular artists and charts, 3) Track Hunters who like discovering new artists, and 4) Pace-setters who listen to non-mainstream music passionately. The findings showed that most people are more interested in music than other hobbies and enjoy live music.
Music as a social change agent bb(1)
1. Music has long been used as a form of expression for social and political issues throughout American history. Songs have protested issues like inequality, poverty, war, and supported workers' rights and civil rights.
2. Famous protest songs like "Strange Fruit" and "Blowin' in the Wind" brought attention to issues like lynching and questioned how long injustice would continue.
3. The Vietnam War era featured numerous protest songs that opposed the draft and war, including "Fortunate Son", "Eve of Destruction", and "Goodnight Saigon". Labor movements also inspired songs about workers' struggles.
Target audience
The target audience for pop music like Coldplay's "Head Full of Dreams" is teenagers and young adults aged 16-25. While pop music appeals most to females, drawing them to both male and female artists, it has fans across genders. As most of the target audience are students with part-time jobs, pop music's target class is working class. However, fans come from all classes. While historically music videos have been conservative, pop music is open to all sexualities in its music. The target location remains American and British audiences, shown in the origins and appearances of most pop artists.
Teens and music
Teenagers played several important roles in the 1950s music industry:
1) Teenagers were a key consumer demographic that record labels actively marketed and sold music to. They spent money on records, attended concerts, and influenced trends.
2) As consumers, teenagers decided which artists and songs became popular hits by purchasing their music.
3) Some teenagers, like Little Stevie Wonder and Frankie Lymon, became musicians and performers themselves, making music targeted towards other teenagers. Their success showed there was a market for music made by and for teenagers.
Target audience
The target audience for pop music like Coldplay's "Head Full of Dreams" is teenagers and young adults aged 16-25. While pop music appeals most to females, drawing them to both male and female artists, it is open to all sexualities and backgrounds. As many in the target audience are students with part-time jobs, they tend to come from working class families and enjoy hobbies like attending concerts and using social media.
SLC RESUME
Sabina Clarke is a public relations and events specialist based in Philadelphia. Some of her recent work includes organizing events for keynote speakers on various topics, securing press coverage for musical performances, and conducting interviews with public figures. She has experience in advocacy and campaign work, teaching, and has received recognition for her public relations work.
Greasers presentation
Greasers were a working class youth subculture that originated in the 1950s in the northeastern and southern United States. They were influenced by rock and roll musicians like Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent and actors like Marlon Brando and James Dean. Though initially looked down upon as "hoods" for their casual style, greaser culture is now more widely accepted and incorporated into mainstream fashion, as dressing casually is now the norm rather than dressing up formally.
Pop music
Pop music is a genre aimed at a youth market, softer than rock. Famous pop artists Michael Jackson and Britney Spears achieved great commercial success with albums like "Thriller" and "Baby One More Time." Popular pop songs from different eras include "Stayin' Alive" in the 1970s, "Eye of the Tiger" in the 1980s, and "Hollaback Girl" currently. Top pop artists of the past include Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey, and Bee Gees.
Subculture hippie
The hippie subculture emerged in the 1960s and was known for their long hair, colorful clothing, advocacy of peace, love, and respect for the environment. They rejected conventional social norms and values, and were interested in rock music, hallucinogenic drugs, and environmental and social causes. Their fashion and culture had a significant influence on art, music, and expressions of freedom and individuality during that era.
Target Audience Research
Pop music targets mainly young adults and teenagers aged 16-21. It is the dominant mainstream genre worldwide, with popular artists including Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, and Ed Sheeran. While pop can include many smaller genres, its conventions generally involve upbeat songs with romantic lyrics, hooks that repeat to make songs catchy, and music videos featuring sexual imagery to attract audiences.
Star image in my dreams
The document outlines a plan to create a band called "Star Image" consisting of three girls with an organic artistic style and unique clothing like men's suits. The target audience would be 16-25 year olds, mainly female but also male, across classes and ethnicities but mostly middle class. The band would connect to fans through social media while maintaining a slight distance to seem mysterious in their own bubble, following some trends but putting their own spin on them to stay interesting and different, keeping audiences engaged.
Indie Music Research
Indie music originated in the 1950s-60s as underground, artistic music performed in small venues. It grew in popularity in the 1980s and is now supported by music festivals and digital distribution platforms. However, indie music is still less popular than genres like pop and R&B. It is characterized by a distinct style differing from "bubblegum pop" and is often targeted at adolescents and young adults. Some popular contemporary indie artists mentioned are Lana Del Rey, Two Door Cinema Club, Florence and the Machine, and Ed Sheeran.
Transitional tunes
The document discusses how music reflects generational identities. It analyzes some of the most prolific bands from the 1960s like the Beatles, Doors, and Rolling Stones which embodied the counter-cultural attitudes of that time through their anti-authoritarian and psychedelic music. In contrast, popular bands from the new millennium like Eminem, 50 Cent, and Justin Timberlake focused more on materialism and changing musical styles based on existing trends rather than political or social issues. The document concludes that the full voice of the new generation may only be understood in retrospect, just as the counter-cultural influence of 1960s bands was only recognized later.
Hip hop research (4)
The document discusses the history and development of the hip-hop genre. It originated in the South Bronx in the 1970s, combining elements like rapping, DJing, and beatboxing. The roots of hip-hop are found in African and African-American musical traditions. Today, hip-hop is very popular globally. The document also outlines some of the major subgenres of hip-hop like alternative, boom bap, and crunk. It discusses icons, themes, target audiences, influential artists, record labels, and some issues with negative representation in hip-hop.
Eritrean Youth Identities in the Era of Globalization
This document summarizes research on the lifestyles and music preferences of Eritrean youth. It is based on ethnographic research and interviews with youth in Asmara, Eritrea. The research finds that Eritrean youth are highly influenced by Western culture and lifestyle as expressed through their fashion, music, and language choices. Popular music genres include hip hop, reggae, and pop music from American and British artists. Youth emulate the styles of artists like 50 Cent, Bob Marley, and bands like Destiny's Child. Western media like satellite TV and movies are widely available and impact youth identity and culture.
Uk Tribes Research
The document outlines 5 UK music tribes: 1) AlternativeTribes who prefer punk rock and EDM and focus on independence and authenticity, 2) MainstreamTribes who listen to top 40 radio and stick to familiar mainstream artists, 3) Leading EdgeTribe who focus on new trends and creating their own music mixes, 4) UrbanTribes linked by inner city life who support local talents and enjoy genres like R&B, grime and rap, and 5) AspirantTribes who constantly seek out new experiences and are early adopters active on social media.
Music magazine
FluX is a biweekly magazine that will cost £2.99 per issue. Each 40-page issue will include reviews of the latest music releases, answers to reader questions, and posters of featured artists. The magazine aims to promote punk and indie music by updating readers on music news, touring information, and profiles of both mainstream and up-and-coming bands. The target reader is a 21-year old student named Liam who enjoys discovering new indie and rock artists, and attends local shows and festivals in Bristol.
The foot book
This document summarizes and analyzes The Foot Book by Dr. Seuss. It identifies several key themes and morals from the book, including meeting new people, recognizing shared humanity despite differences, and celebrating individual uniqueness. The document also includes quotes from the book to support each theme. An interview with a third grader who read the book suggests the story is simply about feet, while his brother believes it conveys the diversity of people in the world.
SUB CULTURE THE HIPPIES
Hippies emerged in the mid-1960s as a youth counterculture that rejected mainstream social norms. They lived in intentional communities, advocated peace, love, and freedom, and opposed the Vietnam War through protests and civil disobedience. Hippies dressed casually in colorful, natural fabrics and grew their hair long. They embraced alternative lifestyles focused on holistic health, psychedelic music, and natural, self-sufficient living often in painted buses and vans. However, mainstream society viewed hippies negatively and as a threat due to their rebellious rejection of conventional values and beliefs.
Harlem Renaissance Music CP
During the early 20th century, many African Americans migrated north in what was known as the Great Migration. This was partly due to seeking escape from oppression in the south as well as job opportunities from northern industrialization. This migration led to the rise of blues music and the Harlem Renaissance, where genres like jazz flourished. Major performers who influenced music during this time included Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, and artists who performed at the famous Cotton Club in Harlem. Rent parties also provided opportunities for musicians to perform and help tenants pay rent. The new forms of African American music helped change perceptions and gave greater respect and opportunities to the community during this period.
Task 6
R&B/Pop music are popular genres featured in the magazine. R&B originated in the 1940s and evolved to incorporate electric blues, gospel and soul music. It is now a combination of rhythm and blues, pop, soul, funk and hip hop. Associated imagery includes hot weather and palm trees. Pop music originated in the 1950s and borrows from various styles, with catchy melodies and choruses. It aims to be commercially appealing. Both genres have upbeat themes and are popular among diverse audiences from ages 12 to 30.
Miley cyrus FULL
Miley Cyrus was born in 1992 in Tennessee to country music star Billy Ray Cyrus. She began her career as a child actress on her father's show and in the Disney show Hannah Montana. After leaving Hannah Montana, she transitioned to more mature roles and pop music. Her 2013 album Bangerz marked a further shift in her image and music style to be more provocative. She uses social media extensively to engage with fans and share aspects of her personal life and career to stay constantly connected with them.
role of gender in mediaPresentation1
The document discusses gender representation in media in Pakistan. It notes that historically, women were not allowed to participate in media and faced challenges such as lack of family support and religious limits. However, some pioneering women journalists broke barriers, such as Shahida Qazi who became the first female news editor at PTV. Today, women like Asma Chaudhry and Asma Sherazi have prominent roles in television news. The document also discusses stereotypical portrayals of both men and women in media and the impacts such representations can have. It argues that countertypes promoting positive representations are needed.
More Related Content
What's hot
Music as a social change agent bb(1)
1. Music has long been used as a form of expression for social and political issues throughout American history. Songs have protested issues like inequality, poverty, war, and supported workers' rights and civil rights.
2. Famous protest songs like "Strange Fruit" and "Blowin' in the Wind" brought attention to issues like lynching and questioned how long injustice would continue.
3. The Vietnam War era featured numerous protest songs that opposed the draft and war, including "Fortunate Son", "Eve of Destruction", and "Goodnight Saigon". Labor movements also inspired songs about workers' struggles.
Target audience
The target audience for pop music like Coldplay's "Head Full of Dreams" is teenagers and young adults aged 16-25. While pop music appeals most to females, drawing them to both male and female artists, it has fans across genders. As most of the target audience are students with part-time jobs, pop music's target class is working class. However, fans come from all classes. While historically music videos have been conservative, pop music is open to all sexualities in its music. The target location remains American and British audiences, shown in the origins and appearances of most pop artists.
Teens and music
Teenagers played several important roles in the 1950s music industry:
1) Teenagers were a key consumer demographic that record labels actively marketed and sold music to. They spent money on records, attended concerts, and influenced trends.
2) As consumers, teenagers decided which artists and songs became popular hits by purchasing their music.
3) Some teenagers, like Little Stevie Wonder and Frankie Lymon, became musicians and performers themselves, making music targeted towards other teenagers. Their success showed there was a market for music made by and for teenagers.
Target audience
The target audience for pop music like Coldplay's "Head Full of Dreams" is teenagers and young adults aged 16-25. While pop music appeals most to females, drawing them to both male and female artists, it is open to all sexualities and backgrounds. As many in the target audience are students with part-time jobs, they tend to come from working class families and enjoy hobbies like attending concerts and using social media.
SLC RESUME
Sabina Clarke is a public relations and events specialist based in Philadelphia. Some of her recent work includes organizing events for keynote speakers on various topics, securing press coverage for musical performances, and conducting interviews with public figures. She has experience in advocacy and campaign work, teaching, and has received recognition for her public relations work.
Greasers presentation
Greasers were a working class youth subculture that originated in the 1950s in the northeastern and southern United States. They were influenced by rock and roll musicians like Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent and actors like Marlon Brando and James Dean. Though initially looked down upon as "hoods" for their casual style, greaser culture is now more widely accepted and incorporated into mainstream fashion, as dressing casually is now the norm rather than dressing up formally.
Pop music
Pop music is a genre aimed at a youth market, softer than rock. Famous pop artists Michael Jackson and Britney Spears achieved great commercial success with albums like "Thriller" and "Baby One More Time." Popular pop songs from different eras include "Stayin' Alive" in the 1970s, "Eye of the Tiger" in the 1980s, and "Hollaback Girl" currently. Top pop artists of the past include Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey, and Bee Gees.
Subculture hippie
The hippie subculture emerged in the 1960s and was known for their long hair, colorful clothing, advocacy of peace, love, and respect for the environment. They rejected conventional social norms and values, and were interested in rock music, hallucinogenic drugs, and environmental and social causes. Their fashion and culture had a significant influence on art, music, and expressions of freedom and individuality during that era.
Target Audience Research
Pop music targets mainly young adults and teenagers aged 16-21. It is the dominant mainstream genre worldwide, with popular artists including Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, and Ed Sheeran. While pop can include many smaller genres, its conventions generally involve upbeat songs with romantic lyrics, hooks that repeat to make songs catchy, and music videos featuring sexual imagery to attract audiences.
Star image in my dreams
The document outlines a plan to create a band called "Star Image" consisting of three girls with an organic artistic style and unique clothing like men's suits. The target audience would be 16-25 year olds, mainly female but also male, across classes and ethnicities but mostly middle class. The band would connect to fans through social media while maintaining a slight distance to seem mysterious in their own bubble, following some trends but putting their own spin on them to stay interesting and different, keeping audiences engaged.
Indie Music Research
Indie music originated in the 1950s-60s as underground, artistic music performed in small venues. It grew in popularity in the 1980s and is now supported by music festivals and digital distribution platforms. However, indie music is still less popular than genres like pop and R&B. It is characterized by a distinct style differing from "bubblegum pop" and is often targeted at adolescents and young adults. Some popular contemporary indie artists mentioned are Lana Del Rey, Two Door Cinema Club, Florence and the Machine, and Ed Sheeran.
Transitional tunes
The document discusses how music reflects generational identities. It analyzes some of the most prolific bands from the 1960s like the Beatles, Doors, and Rolling Stones which embodied the counter-cultural attitudes of that time through their anti-authoritarian and psychedelic music. In contrast, popular bands from the new millennium like Eminem, 50 Cent, and Justin Timberlake focused more on materialism and changing musical styles based on existing trends rather than political or social issues. The document concludes that the full voice of the new generation may only be understood in retrospect, just as the counter-cultural influence of 1960s bands was only recognized later.
Hip hop research (4)
The document discusses the history and development of the hip-hop genre. It originated in the South Bronx in the 1970s, combining elements like rapping, DJing, and beatboxing. The roots of hip-hop are found in African and African-American musical traditions. Today, hip-hop is very popular globally. The document also outlines some of the major subgenres of hip-hop like alternative, boom bap, and crunk. It discusses icons, themes, target audiences, influential artists, record labels, and some issues with negative representation in hip-hop.
Eritrean Youth Identities in the Era of Globalization
This document summarizes research on the lifestyles and music preferences of Eritrean youth. It is based on ethnographic research and interviews with youth in Asmara, Eritrea. The research finds that Eritrean youth are highly influenced by Western culture and lifestyle as expressed through their fashion, music, and language choices. Popular music genres include hip hop, reggae, and pop music from American and British artists. Youth emulate the styles of artists like 50 Cent, Bob Marley, and bands like Destiny's Child. Western media like satellite TV and movies are widely available and impact youth identity and culture.
Uk Tribes Research
The document outlines 5 UK music tribes: 1) AlternativeTribes who prefer punk rock and EDM and focus on independence and authenticity, 2) MainstreamTribes who listen to top 40 radio and stick to familiar mainstream artists, 3) Leading EdgeTribe who focus on new trends and creating their own music mixes, 4) UrbanTribes linked by inner city life who support local talents and enjoy genres like R&B, grime and rap, and 5) AspirantTribes who constantly seek out new experiences and are early adopters active on social media.
Music magazine
FluX is a biweekly magazine that will cost £2.99 per issue. Each 40-page issue will include reviews of the latest music releases, answers to reader questions, and posters of featured artists. The magazine aims to promote punk and indie music by updating readers on music news, touring information, and profiles of both mainstream and up-and-coming bands. The target reader is a 21-year old student named Liam who enjoys discovering new indie and rock artists, and attends local shows and festivals in Bristol.
The foot book
This document summarizes and analyzes The Foot Book by Dr. Seuss. It identifies several key themes and morals from the book, including meeting new people, recognizing shared humanity despite differences, and celebrating individual uniqueness. The document also includes quotes from the book to support each theme. An interview with a third grader who read the book suggests the story is simply about feet, while his brother believes it conveys the diversity of people in the world.
SUB CULTURE THE HIPPIES
Hippies emerged in the mid-1960s as a youth counterculture that rejected mainstream social norms. They lived in intentional communities, advocated peace, love, and freedom, and opposed the Vietnam War through protests and civil disobedience. Hippies dressed casually in colorful, natural fabrics and grew their hair long. They embraced alternative lifestyles focused on holistic health, psychedelic music, and natural, self-sufficient living often in painted buses and vans. However, mainstream society viewed hippies negatively and as a threat due to their rebellious rejection of conventional values and beliefs.
Harlem Renaissance Music CP
During the early 20th century, many African Americans migrated north in what was known as the Great Migration. This was partly due to seeking escape from oppression in the south as well as job opportunities from northern industrialization. This migration led to the rise of blues music and the Harlem Renaissance, where genres like jazz flourished. Major performers who influenced music during this time included Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, and artists who performed at the famous Cotton Club in Harlem. Rent parties also provided opportunities for musicians to perform and help tenants pay rent. The new forms of African American music helped change perceptions and gave greater respect and opportunities to the community during this period.
Task 6
R&B/Pop music are popular genres featured in the magazine. R&B originated in the 1940s and evolved to incorporate electric blues, gospel and soul music. It is now a combination of rhythm and blues, pop, soul, funk and hip hop. Associated imagery includes hot weather and palm trees. Pop music originated in the 1950s and borrows from various styles, with catchy melodies and choruses. It aims to be commercially appealing. Both genres have upbeat themes and are popular among diverse audiences from ages 12 to 30.
What's hot (20)
Eritrean Youth Identities in the Era of Globalization
Eritrean Youth Identities in the Era of Globalization
Similar to Miley cyrus
Miley cyrus FULL
Miley Cyrus was born in 1992 in Tennessee to country music star Billy Ray Cyrus. She began her career as a child actress on her father's show and in the Disney show Hannah Montana. After leaving Hannah Montana, she transitioned to more mature roles and pop music. Her 2013 album Bangerz marked a further shift in her image and music style to be more provocative. She uses social media extensively to engage with fans and share aspects of her personal life and career to stay constantly connected with them.
role of gender in mediaPresentation1
The document discusses gender representation in media in Pakistan. It notes that historically, women were not allowed to participate in media and faced challenges such as lack of family support and religious limits. However, some pioneering women journalists broke barriers, such as Shahida Qazi who became the first female news editor at PTV. Today, women like Asma Chaudhry and Asma Sherazi have prominent roles in television news. The document also discusses stereotypical portrayals of both men and women in media and the impacts such representations can have. It argues that countertypes promoting positive representations are needed.
Presentation1
The document discusses the role of gender in media in Pakistan. It notes that historically, women were not allowed to participate in media and faced challenges such as lack of family support and religious limits. However, some pioneering women journalists broke barriers, such as Shahida Qazi who became the first female news editor. Today, women face issues like male dominance, lack of merit-based employment, and harassment. The document also examines common stereotypes of women in media like focus on beauty and relationships, and of men like strength and independence. It discusses the impacts of such stereotypes including gender-based violence.
Hidden Figures of PR: Putting a Long-Overdue Spotlight on African American PR...
Hidden Figures of PR: Putting a Long-Overdue Spotlight on African American PR...Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations
When you think of the pioneers of the public relations profession who comes to mind? The Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations hosted a free webinar on Thursday, May 4, 2017, titled “Hidden Figures in PR: Putting a Long-Overdue Spotlight on African-American PR Pioneers."
Our textbooks taught us the pioneers of our profession—Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays—but this webinar shined a light on those the textbooks missed. Students, educators and practitioners will discover the “Hidden Figures in PR.”
Music and society power point
The document discusses how music has influenced society from the 1950s to today. It describes several major genres that emerged and became popular in different decades, such as rock and roll in the 1950s, psychedelic rock and hippie culture in the 1960s, disco and punk rock in the 1970s, and the rise of MTV and popular artists in the 1980s and 1990s. The document concludes that while music styles have evolved greatly over the decades, music continues to bring people of all backgrounds together through shared enjoyment.
Stereotypes and identity
A presentation for Dr. Vilageliu's English 003-18 Class. This is a group Project that focuses on how stereotypes affect identity.
Third video nick rizzieri
This document discusses Miley Cyrus and whether she is a positive or negative role model. It notes that during the 2016 US presidential election, Miley Cyrus was critical of Donald Trump and promised to leave the country if he won. The document also argues that Miley Cyrus' on-stage drug use, sexually explicit behavior, and crude language set a bad example for children and youth. While acknowledging Miley Cyrus' talents and large fan base, the author believes she could have a more positive influence by promoting safe sex, discouraging drug use, and encouraging education.
Unit 7 section 2 lesson 1 the counterculture
The document discusses the rise of the counterculture movement in the 1960s. Key aspects included rock music, rejection of traditional values regarding sex and religion, and experimentation with drugs. The counterculture challenged social norms and created a divide between younger and older generations. While it promoted equality and non-materialism, its association with drugs and violence contributed to its decline.
Counterculture of the 1960s
The document summarizes the counterculture movement of the 1960s. It describes how the counterculture promoted peace, love, freedom, and individuality through styles of dress, music, and attitudes towards sex. Major events like Woodstock and Altamont festivals reflected these values. The counterculture challenged conformity and authority through protests against rules around campus and the Vietnam War. Music was both a reflection and driver of social change during this era.
Wmst v.2
The document discusses misogyny in hip-hop culture, including common themes of objectifying and disrespecting women found in lyrics and music videos. It notes research finding a correlation between exposure to misogynistic media and harmful attitudes. While some artists claim it reflects societal values, critics argue it negatively impacts views of women and gender roles, especially for young audiences. Female artists have challenged these themes but faced an uphill battle against a male-dominated industry where sex and provocation often boost commercial success.
Debates
The document discusses Miley Cyrus and whether she is a positive or negative influence. While it acknowledges she is her own person and confident, it criticizes her views on casual sex, open drug usage, and crude lyrics, questioning if this is good for kids to see. The document concludes by saying Miley has opportunities as a singer and actress to be a positive role model by promoting safe sex, discouraging drug use, and encouraging education.
Diversity 2017 slideshow
This document discusses media frames and stereotypes. It begins by defining diversity and inclusion. It then discusses how media portrayals are important because they influence how people view events and topics they have not directly experienced. The document outlines how journalists play a role in framing issues and events through their choices of topics, sources, photos and framing. It discusses common stereotypes in media based on gender, race, age, ability and other attributes. It also provides examples of stereotypical portrayals and discusses how social media is beginning to provide more balanced and diverse portrayals.
History ec ppt
In the 1950s, fashion reflected a new sense of freedom. Women wore form-fitting dresses showing their waists and large accessories. Gray flannel suits and pleated trousers were popular for men. Rock and roll music exploded, led by Elvis Presley, while Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin performed vocal jazz. Teenagers tested new freedoms in sexuality and consumerism as music and culture became increasingly important. New technologies like the first credit card and home computers emerged during this period of economic growth and social change in America.
Kennedy Power PointChapter 50
The document summarizes the emergence of the counterculture movement in the 1960s among baby boomers. Key events included the formation of the New Left by student activists to promote traditional American values, and widespread student protests starting at UC Berkeley in 1964 that radicalized students across the country. The counterculture rejected materialism and the establishment, seeking personal liberation, open expression, and alternative lifestyles focused on sex, drugs, and rock music. Their values created conflict with older generations and a growing generation gap in American society.
African American Women: In Film and Music
This document summarizes a presentation about the representation of African American women in film and music. It discusses common stereotypes of black women in these industries, such as the "mammy" or comedic roles. The history of roles for black actresses is explored over time. Challenges for black women in breaking into mainstream music are also examined. Female rappers in the 1990s worked to reclaim their femininity and sexuality through their music in defiance of repression. Today's black artists still struggle with controlling their own image and being seen as more than just sex symbols.
MMP 2
This document summarizes the presentation "African American Women: In Film and Music" which discusses the representation and stereotypes of black women in these mediums. It outlines that black women often face limited roles in films and are sexualized in music. The presentation then explores the history of stereotypical film roles for black women from the 1930s to today, as well as common stereotypes of black female rappers and artists. It also analyzes the impact of the media and argues that as feminist scholars bring more awareness, opportunities will improve for black women.
Multimedia Project 2
This document is a presentation by Rachel Kammen for an African American studies course on African American women in film and music. It discusses stereotypes of black women, the history of roles for black actresses which were often stereotypical, and challenges still facing black women today in both industries. In music, it examines stereotypes and the categories of black female rappers, as well as discussing artists like Beyonce and Nicki Minaj. It argues that while progress has been made, both industries still have work to do in providing diverse, non-stereotypical roles and representations of black women.
Media Framing and Stereotypes Defining Diversity & Inclusion
This document discusses frames and stereotypes in mass media. It defines diversity as any dimension used to differentiate groups, and inclusion as feeling valued, respected and supported. Media portrayals are important because they influence how we see others. The media has power through vivid images and live transmission. Journalists frame issues through topics discussed, sources quoted, sizing, and photos used. Certain groups are frequently stereotyped in media, including racial and ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQ people, and the elderly. However, some signs of progress toward more inclusive representations are emerging through campaigns and social movements.
Civil rights
Women played a crucial but overlooked role in the Civil Rights Movement. Historians have tended to focus on prominent male leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. while neglecting the contributions of women. However, women formed the backbone of the movement, organizing key protests and providing leadership. Figures like Rosa Parks, Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, Diane Nash, and Pauli Murray all made significant contributions, though they often faced resistance from patriarchal and gender-conservative elements within the movement. New interpretations are bringing greater attention to the vital role played by women in shaping the Civil Rights Movement.
Affluence
The document discusses affluence and consumer culture in 1950s America. It describes how television shows depicted ideal suburban families, Betty Friedan launched the modern feminist movement by criticizing depictions of women, and the 1950s saw a huge expansion of the middle class and consumerism with the rise of credit cards and Disneyland. Rock and roll music fused different styles and was popularized by Elvis Presley, while movie stars like Marilyn Monroe influenced sexuality standards. Economist John Kenneth Galbraith questioned the relation between private wealth and public good.
Similar to Miley cyrus (20)
Hidden Figures of PR: Putting a Long-Overdue Spotlight on African American PR...
Hidden Figures of PR: Putting a Long-Overdue Spotlight on African American PR...
Media Framing and Stereotypes Defining Diversity & Inclusion
Media Framing and Stereotypes Defining Diversity & Inclusion
More from AnaBolson
Final presenation
The internship at Compass Group involved sales tasks like cold calling, researching companies, and setting up meetings to find new clients and strengthen relationships with current ones. The intern learned about their strengths and weaknesses through tasks like researching a competitor and presenting findings. They gained experience in sales processes, communication skills, and self-motivation that solidified their interest in a sales career.
Race and ethnicity
This document discusses race and ethnicity in sports. It begins by defining ethnicity as relating to heritage and culture, while race is a social construct often based on skin color. The document then provides examples of how Black athletes like Jackie Robinson helped catalyze social change. It also discusses activism among athletes during the civil rights movement versus avoiding politics. While all sports are popular, ethnic expectations can be limited by stereotyping, lack of mentorship, and money. Participation and coaching rates in major sports are then shown, with whites dominating in coaching roles. The document concludes by discussing how media can stack or place certain races in positions that fit social stereotypes and expectations, and the issues surrounding racial and ethnic mascots.
Samaritan's Feet
Samaritan's Feet is a global nonprofit organization that provides shoes to people in need around the world to prevent infections, protect health, and enable economic and educational opportunities. Located in several countries, it relies on donations of money, shoes, and help spreading the word from athletes and others to continue its important work of empowering individuals through something as simple as a pair of shoes.
Interview
Both interviewees use social media frequently and find it plays an important role in their lives. Hannah has seven accounts and uses Snapchat and Instagram most, seeing social media as a way to connect with family and friends since her family lives far away. Jack has four accounts and also uses Snapchat and Instagram most to keep up with pop culture and friends. Both emphasized the importance of managing social media time to be productive, with Hannah putting devices away for hours at a time to focus on other activities and Jack refraining from use until schoolwork is completed. They both find social media can expand their social lives by meeting new people and connecting over common interests.
Historical paper final
The Social Penetration Theory was developed in 1973 by psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. The theory states that relationships develop through reciprocal self-disclosure, beginning with superficial facts and progressing to more intimate details over time. This process can be visualized using the "onion analogy," with relationship depth represented by moving from outer to inner layers of the onion. The theory has been supported by studies of confined strangers and college roommates. It remains relevant today in explaining relationship development through both in-person and digital/social media interactions.
Critical theory presentation
This document discusses the problems with authoritarian leadership styles in companies where the boss makes decisions solely because of their position and status within the company, without considering other perspectives. It suggests more democratic approaches that involve open discussion and negotiation between various stakeholders within an organization, including investors, workers, consumers, suppliers, and the community to make decisions.
Historical paper final
The Social Penetration Theory was developed in 1973 by psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. The theory states that relationships develop through reciprocal self-disclosure, beginning with superficial facts and progressing to more intimate details over time. This process can be visualized using the "onion analogy," with relationship depth represented by moving from outer to inner layers of the onion. The theory has been supported by studies of confined strangers and college roommates. It remains relevant today in explaining relationship development through both in-person and digital/social media interactions.
Critical theory presentation
The document discusses the problems with an authoritarian leadership style where the boss makes decisions solely on their own authority without input or discussion. It suggests that a better approach is stakeholder democracy, where all groups affected by a company's decisions, such as investors, workers, consumers, suppliers, and the community, engage in open discussion and negotiation to reach decisions together. This empowers employees and gives various stakeholders a voice in company actions.
More from AnaBolson (9)
Recently uploaded
TIMES BPO: Business Plan For Startup Industry
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
The Heart of Leadership_ How Emotional Intelligence Drives Business Success B...
Leaders who possess self-awareness deeply understand their emotions, strengths, and weaknesses.
DearbornMusic-KatherineJasperFullSailUni
My powerpoint presentation for my Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Indian satta Matka Dpboss Matka Kalyan Chart Matka Boss otg matka Guessing Satta Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptx
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Maksym Vyshnivetskyi: PMO KPIs (UA) (#12)
Maksym Vyshnivetskyi: PMO KPIs (UA)
Lemberg PMO School 2024
Website – https://lembs.com/pmoschool
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Use our simple KYC verification guide to make sure your Binance account is safe and compliant. Discover the fundamentals, appreciate the significance of KYC, and trade on one of the biggest cryptocurrency exchanges with confidence.
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Schedule Unveiled
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
Best Forex Brokers Comparison in INDIA 2024
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men Rings
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
Income Tax exemption for Start up : Section 80 IAC
A presentation on the concept of Exemption of Profits of Start ups from Income Tax
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSSCall 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
CALL 8867766396 SATTA MATKA | DPBOSS | KALYAN MAIN BAZAR | FAST MATKA | DPBOSS GUESSING | TARA MATKA | KALYAN CHART | MATKA BOSS
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM Software
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
Recently uploaded (20)
The Heart of Leadership_ How Emotional Intelligence Drives Business Success B...
The Heart of Leadership_ How Emotional Intelligence Drives Business Success B...
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Income Tax exemption for Start up : Section 80 IAC
Income Tax exemption for Start up : Section 80 IAC
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Call 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
Call 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
Miley cyrus
- 1. MILEY CYRUSBy: Nick Rizzieri
- 2. WHO IS MILEY CYRUS • American pop singer and actress • Daughter of Billy Ray Cyrus • Famous at young age • Hannah Montana vaulted her to stardom • Millions of impressionable young fans around the world • Popular during social media craze • Has become controversial with her sexually explicit behavior and views
- 3. HISTORICAL CONTEXT • Became popular during the internet era • Younger people had access to social media • Information available 24/7 • Became famous along with other teen stars • Globalization of entertainment
- 4. WHY IS SHE CONSIDERED PART OF POP CULTURE • She created a tremendous following and fan base • She has been a successful entertainer • She’s had three number one albums • Listed by Time magazine as one of the most influential people in 2008 and 2014
- 5. WHY AM I“ANTI- MILEY” • Very bad role model for young people, especially girls • Popularizes drug use • Sexually explicit • Language • Dresses inappropriately • This is supported by the Marxist theory • Not genuine • She uses minority culture for personal gain • This is supported by the Jezebel article
- 6. • Bruk, Diana. "Get Excited Because Hannah Montana Is Coming Back To Television." Seventeen. N.p., 18 Nov. 2016. Web. 02 Apr. 2017. • Khalid, Jerome. "Miley Cyrus: 'I'm Pansexual'" Press Examiner. N.p., 30 Aug. 2015. Web. 02 Apr. 2017. • Parton, Dolly. "Miley Cyrus." Time. Time, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 02 Apr. 2017. • "Miley Cyrus." Pinterest. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2017. • "Miley Cyrus Plastic Surgery – The Rebel Star With Plastic Surgeries." CelebrityPost.net | Plastic Surgery | Measurements | Hair Styles. N.p., 19 Jan. 2017. Web. 02 Apr. 2017. Works Cited