Mikologi
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Fungi have various body forms including unicellular, filamentous hyphae that aggregate to form mycelium, and multicellular structures. They are heterotrophs that can be saprophytes, symbionts, or parasites. Hyphae are tubular and multinucleate with a chitin cell wall, and grow at their tips. Mycelium is the feeding structure of fungi. Fungi can cause superficial, intermediate, or systemic infections in humans, with true pathogens causing diseases like histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis through inhalation of spores. Antifungal therapies target ergosterol in fung
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Mikologi
- 1. Mycology Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Unismuhmochammad hatta@2015
- 2. The Characteristics of Fungi • Body form * unicellular * filamentous (tube-like strands called hypha (singular) or hyphae (plural) * mycelium = aggregate of hyphae * sclerotium = hardened mass of mycelium that generally serves as an overwintering stage. * multicellular, such as mycelial cords, rhizomorphs, and fruit bodies (mushrooms) mochammad hatta@2015
- 3. The Characteristics of Fungi • Heterotrophy - 'other food' * Saprophytes or saprobes - feed on dead tissues or organic waste (decomposers) * Symbionts - mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism * Parasites - feeding on living tissue of a host. • Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens. mochammad hatta@2015
- 4. Hyphae • Tubular • Hard wall of chitin • Crosswalls may form compartments (± cells) • Multinucleate • Grow at tips mochammad hatta@2015
- 5. Hyphal growth • Hyphae grow from their tips • Mycelium = extensive, feeding web of hyphae • Mycelia are the ecologically active bodies of fungi This wall is rigid Only the tip wall is plastic and stretches mochammad hatta@2015
- 6. Modifications of hyphae mochammad hatta@2015
- 7. Fungi as infectious agents • molds & yeasts are widely distributed in air, dust, fomites & normal flora • humans are relatively resistant • fungi are relatively nonpathogenic • of the 100,000 fungal species, only 300 have been linked to disease in animals • fungi are the most common plant pathogens • human mycoses are caused by both true pathogens and opportunistic pathogens mochammad hatta@2015
- 8. Mycoses • Most fungal pathogens do not require a host to complete their life cycles and infections are not communicable • Dermaphytes & Candida sp naturally inhabit human body & are transmissible • Dermaphytoses most prevalent fungal infection • Most cases go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed • Infections can be systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous or superficial mochammad hatta@2015
- 9. Systemic mycoses caused by true pathogens • Thermal dimorphism • Restricted to certain endemic regions of the world • Soil is normal habitat • Infection by inhalation of spores Pulmonary infections * Histoplasma capsulatum * Coccidioides immitis * Blastomyces dermatitidis * Paracoccidioidomycosis brasiliensis mochammad hatta@2015
- 10. Levels of invasion mochammad hatta@2015
- 11. MIKOSIS Superficialis Inter- medi ate Profunda Dermatofitosis Non Dermatofitosis Subcutis Sistemik Tinea capitis Tinea barbae Tinea corporis ( T. imbrikata & T. favosa ) Tinea manum Tinea pedis Tinea kruris Tinea unguium Pitiriasis versikolor Piedra hitam Piedra putih Tinea nigra palmaris Otomikosis Kandidi asis Aspergill osis Misetoma Kromomikosis Sporotrikosis Fikomikosis - subkutan Rinosporodiosis Aktinomikosis Nokardiosis Histoplasmosis Kriptokokosis Koksidioidomikosis Blastomikosis Fikomikosis - sistemik mochammad hatta@2015
- 12. Antifungal Therapies • Mycoses are among the most difficult diseases to heal * Fungi can often resist the oxidative damage of T cells during cell-mediated immune responses * Fungi are biochemically similar to human cells and antifungal drugs can harm human tissues • Fungi have ergosterol in their membranes rather than cholesterol and it is often a target for antifungal treatment * Side effects can still result, especially with long-term use mochammad hatta@2015
- 14. Blastomyces dermatitidis Cutaneous blastomycosis mochammad hatta@2015
- 15. lymphocutaneous sprotrichosis Primary sore and series of secondary nodules along lymphatic chain in the arm mochammad hatta@2015
- 17. Ringworm Tinea capitis – T.corporismochammad hatta@2015
- 18. Ringworm / Dermatophytosis/T.cruris, T.manuum,. T.pedis mochammad hatta@2015
- 22. Aspergillus Conjunctival infection Brain abscesses (darkened areas) mochammad hatta@2015