Microbes as a source of Nano particles
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Term ‘Nano’ comes from the Greek word ‘nanos’ meaning dwarf and denotes a measurement on the scale of one billionth (10⁹) of a meter in size. Nanoparticles are defined as a particulate dispersions of solid particles with atleast one dimension at a size range of 10-1000 nm. The most important feature of Nanoparticles is their surface area to volume aspect ratio, allowing them to interact with other particles easier.
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Microbes as a source of Nano particles
- 2. CONTENT ABOUT- NANOPARTICLES BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANO-PARTICLES BY MICROORGANISMS VARIOUS TYPES OF NANO PARTICLES MECHANISMS OF NANOPARTICLE FORMATION BY MICROORGANISMS APPLICATIONS FUTURE PROSPECTUS REFERENCE
- 3. ABOUT NANOPARTICLES Term ‘Nano’ comes from the Greek word ‘nanos’ meaning dwarf and denotes a measurement on the scale of one billionth (10⁹) of a meter in size. Nanoparticles are defined as a particulate dispersions of solid particles with atleast one dimension at a size range of 10-1000 nm. The most important feature of Nanoparticles is their surface area to volume aspect ratio, allowing them to interact with other particles easier.
- 4. BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES BY MICROORGANISMS Biological entities and inorganic materials have in constant touch with each other even since inception of life in the earth. Life could sustain on this planet with a well organized deposit of minerals due to this regular interaction. Many bacteria, fungi and also plants have ability to synthesize metallic nanoparticles and all have their own advantages and disadvantages. Intracellular and extracellular synthesis, growth temperature, synthesis time, ease of extraction and percentage synthesized verses percentage removed from sample ratio, all play an important role in biological nanoparticles production. Finding the right biological method can depend upon a number of variables. BIOREDUCTION Metal ions are chemically reduced into more stable forms biologically. Many organisms have the ability to utilize dissimilatory metal reduction, in which the reduction of a metal ion is coupled with the oxidation of an enzyme. This results in stable and inert metallic nanoparticles that can then safely removed. BIOSORPTION Mainly involves the binding of metal ions from an aqueous or soil sample on to the organism itself, such as on the cell wall, and does not require the input of energy. Certain bacteria, fungi, and plants express peptides or have a modified cell wall which binds to metal ions and these are able to form stable complexes in the form off nanoparticles. TYPES
- 5. GENERLISED FLOW CHART NANOBIOSYNTHESIS Bio-reductant from bacteria, fungi, or plant parts + Metal ions ( may be Enzyme/ Phytochemical) Reactant conc., pH, Kinetics, Mixing ratio, Solution chemistry, interaction time Metal nanoparticles in solution UV visible analysis (SPR) Purification and recovery Nanoparticle Powder SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD Physiochemical characterization Does not meet shape, size, size distribution criteria Meet shape, size, size distribution criteria Modify process variables Bio-functionalization End use
- 6. TYPES NANOPARTICLES METALLIC NANO- PARTICLES GOLD NANO- PARTICLES SILVER NANO- PARTICLES Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259, isolated from a silver mine, when placed in a concentrated aq. Solution of Silver nitrate, played a major role in the reduction of the Ag⁺ ions and the formation of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) Extracellular synthesis of Gold particles Intracellular synthesis of Gold particles Nanoscale Gold particles Gold Nano-structure Fungus Fusarium Oxysporum, actinomycete Thermomonospora Fungus Verticillium Incubation of bacteria cell with Au⁸⁺ ions Filamentous cyanobacteria
- 7. TYPES NANOPARTICLES ALLOY NANOPARTICLES Scattering of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles in glass bottles Au-Ag alloy Au-Ag Core shell Au-Ag alloy F. Oxysporum Yeast cells Fungal strains Fusarium semitectum OTHER METALLIC NANO- PARTICLES Platinum nanoparticles Mercury Palladium Metal in reducing bacterium Shewanella algae Enterobacter Sp. Cells Sulfate-reducing bacterium Desultoribrio desulfuricane OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
- 8. TYPES NANOPARTICLESMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES Magnetotactic bacteria- Intracellular magnetic Particles- either iron oxide or iron sulfide or both NON-MAGNETIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES TiO₂, Sb₂O₃, SiO₂, BaTiO₃, ZrO₂ Sb₂O₃ - Saccharomyces Cerevisiae SiO₂, TiO₂, BaTiO₃, ZrO₂ - F.Oxysporum SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES MISCELLANEOUS NANOPARTICLES
- 9. APPLICATIONS NANOPARTICLES DRUG & GENE DELIVERY AGENT TISSUE ENGINEERING TUMOR DESTRUCTION VIA HEATING MRI CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT DNA ANALYSIS GENE THERAPY SILVER NANO PARTICLES- ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY INCREDIBLE NANOPARTICLES USED FOR LIGHTENING STRUCTURES IN AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFTS ETC. ALLOY NANOPARTICLES- CATALYSIS, BIOELECTRONIS, OPTICAL MATERIALS, COATINGS, ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION
- 10. APPLICATIONS NANOPARTICLES IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES APPLICATIONS- CANCER TREATMENT MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES- BIOLOGICAL SEPERATION, BIOMEDICAL FIELDS SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES- FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS AS QUANTUM DOT FLOUROSCENT BIOMARKERS, CELL LABELLING AGENTS OTHER NANOPARTICLES- BIOPOLYMERS SUCH AS PROTEINS, MICROBE CELLS PHAGOKINETICS STUDIES, BIOMEDICINE, BIOSENSOR, SEPARATION SCIENCE
- 13. Thank you & Have a Nice Day