The document describes a micro electric pill that can detect diseases and abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. The pill contains 4 sensors - a silicon diode to measure temperature, an ISFET to measure pH, a gold electrode to measure conductivity, and an electrochemical cell to measure oxygen levels. It also contains a control chip and silver oxide batteries. As the pill passes through the digestive system, it collects data from the sensors and transmits the information to a computer within 1 meter using radio transmission. The micro electric pill allows for easy detection of diseases so that treatment can begin sooner.

1. Shekhawati Institute
of
Engineering & Tech., Sikar
A
Presentation
On
“MICRO ELECTRIC PILL”
Presented By
Kartik Kumar
11ESFEC301

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Parts of micro electric pill
• Structure of micro electric pill
• Silicon diode (sensor A)
• ISFET (Sensor B)
• Direct contact gold electrode (sensor C)
• 3 electrode electrochemical cell ( sensor D)
• Control Chip (ASIC)
• Advantages
• Limitations
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
Our Body is a sensitive system. At some situations,
doctors can’t easily detect diseases and hence it
becomes too late to cure it. Use of electronic pill helps
us to easily detect the diseases and can take sudden
action against it.
In 1972, Professor John Cooper and Dr. Eric
Johannessen from Glasgow University, U.K has led
to the development of electronic pill.

4. When it moves through gastro-intestinal track it starts to
detect diseases and abnormalities.
The electronic pill travels to the digestive system, collects
data and sends it into the computer with a distance of 1
meter and more.
It has a 16mm diameter, a length of 55mm and 5gram
weight.
This pill is covered by chemically resistant Polyether Ether
Ketone (PEEK) coating.

6. PARTS

7. STRUCTURE
Sensor A
Sensor B
Sensor C
Sensor D
Application Specific
Integrated Circuit
(ASIC)
Transmitter
Batteries

8. SILICON DIODE (SENSOR A)
It measures the body core temperature.
Silicon diodes are the commonly used temperature
sensors in electronic equipments.
it is a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost.
It also identifies local changes associated with Tissue
Inflammation & Ulcers.

9. ISFET (SENSOR B)
ISFET is used for measuring pH in solution.
It can reveal pathological conditions associated with
abnormal pH levels.
These abnormalities include :
level of acid excretion and effect of GI specific drugs on
target organs.
inflammatory bowel disease.

10. DIRECT CONTACT GOLD
ELECTRODE (SENSOR C)
It helps to measure conductivity.
Conductivity measures are done by measuring the
contents of water and salt absorption, breakdown of
organic compounds into charged colloids and the bile
secretion.

11. 3 ELECTRODE
ELECTROCHEMICAL
CELL (SENSOR D)
The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the
level of dissolved oxygen in solution.
It detects activity of aerobic bacteria in large intestine
and small intestine.

12. CONTROL CHIP
The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control
unit that connects together other components of the micro
system.

13. SILVER OXIDE
BATTERIES
Supply Voltage = 3.1 V
Two Ag2O batteries are used.
Operating Time > 40 hours.
Power Consumption = 12.1 mW
Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA

14. RADIO TRANSMITTOR
Size of transmitter = 8×5×3 mm
Modulation Scheme = FSK
Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps
Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz
It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current.

15. ADVANTAGES
It is being beneficially used for disease detection &
abnormalities in human body. Therefore it is also called as
MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE.
It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality,
Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection
of pipelines.
Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current &
Voltage requirement .
Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference.

16. LIMITATIONS
Micro Electronic Pills are expensive & are not available in
many countries.
Still its size is not digestible to small babies.

17. REFERENCES
http://ubimon.doc.ic.ac.uk/bsn/public/Jon_Cooper.pdf
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
http://www.forumsains.com