IBM and ASTRON 64-Bit Microserver Prototype Prepares for Big Bang's Big Data,...IBM Research
IBM and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy ASTRON have unveiled the world’s first water-cooled 64-bit microserver. The prototype, which is roughly the size of a smartphone, is part of the proposed IT roadmap for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), an international consortium to build the world’s largest and most sensitive radio telescope. Scientists estimate that the processing power required to operate the telescope will be equal to several millions of today’s fastest computers.
The microserver’s team has designed and demonstrated a prototype 64-bit microserver using a PowerPC based chip from Freescale Semiconductor running Linux Fedora and IBM DB2. At 133 × 55 mm2 the microserver contains all of the essential functions of today’s servers, which are 4 to 10 times larger in size.
Not only is the microserver compact, it is also very energy-efficient. One of its innovations is hotwater cooling, which in addition to keeping the chip operating temperature below 85 degrees C, will also transport electrical power by means of a copper plate. The concept is based on the same technology IBM developed for the SuperMUC supercomputer located outside of Munich, Germany. IBM scientists hope to keep each microserver operating between 35–40 watts including the system on a chip (SOC) — the current design is 60 watts.
The next step for scientists is to begin to take 128 of the microserver boards using the newest T4240 chips to create a 2U rack unit with 1536 cores and 3072 threads with up to 6 terabytes of DRAM. In addition, they will be adding an Ethernet switch and power module to the integrated water-cooling.
IBM and ASTRON 64-Bit Microserver Prototype Prepares for Big Bang's Big Data,...IBM Research
IBM and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy ASTRON have unveiled the world’s first water-cooled 64-bit microserver. The prototype, which is roughly the size of a smartphone, is part of the proposed IT roadmap for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), an international consortium to build the world’s largest and most sensitive radio telescope. Scientists estimate that the processing power required to operate the telescope will be equal to several millions of today’s fastest computers.
The microserver’s team has designed and demonstrated a prototype 64-bit microserver using a PowerPC based chip from Freescale Semiconductor running Linux Fedora and IBM DB2. At 133 × 55 mm2 the microserver contains all of the essential functions of today’s servers, which are 4 to 10 times larger in size.
Not only is the microserver compact, it is also very energy-efficient. One of its innovations is hotwater cooling, which in addition to keeping the chip operating temperature below 85 degrees C, will also transport electrical power by means of a copper plate. The concept is based on the same technology IBM developed for the SuperMUC supercomputer located outside of Munich, Germany. IBM scientists hope to keep each microserver operating between 35–40 watts including the system on a chip (SOC) — the current design is 60 watts.
The next step for scientists is to begin to take 128 of the microserver boards using the newest T4240 chips to create a 2U rack unit with 1536 cores and 3072 threads with up to 6 terabytes of DRAM. In addition, they will be adding an Ethernet switch and power module to the integrated water-cooling.
IBM and ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, will unveil a prototype high-density, 64-bit microserver CPU placed on a 133 x 55 mm board running Linux. The partners are building the microserver as part of the DOME project, which is tasked with building an IT roadmap for the Square Kilometer Array, an international consortium to build the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope. Scientists estimate that the processing power required to operate the telescope will be equal to several millions of today's fastest computers.
IBM scientist Ronald Luijten (@ronaldgadget) will present the microserver in English from ASTRON's offices in Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
This was recorded on 3 July 14:00 Central European Time
AN ULTRA-LOW POWER ROBUST KOGGESTONE ADDER AT SUB-THRESHOLD VOLTAGES FOR IMPL...VLSICS Design
The growing demand for energy constrained applications and portable devices have created a dire need for
ultra-low power circuits. Implantable biomedical devices such as pacemakers need ultra-low power
circuits for a better battery life for uninterrupted biomedical data processing. Circuits operating in subthreshold
region minimize the energy per operation, thus providing a better platform for energy
constrained implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents 8, 16 and 32-bit ultra-low power robust
Kogge-Stone adders with improved performance. These adders operate at subthreshold supply voltages
which can be used for low power implantable bio-medical devices such as pacemakers. To improve the
performance of these adders in sub-threshold region, forward body bias technique and multi-threshold
transistors are used. The adders are designed using NCSU 45nm bulk CMOS process library and the
simulations were performed using HSPICE circuit simulator. Quantitative power-performance analysis is
performed at slow-slow (SS), typical-typical (TT) and fast-fast (FF) corners clocked at 50 KHz for
temperature ranging from 25̊C to 120̊C. For a supply voltage 0.3V, all the adders had the least PDP. Using
0.3V as the supply voltage, multi threshold voltage and forward body biasing techniques were applied to
further improve the performance of the adders. The PDP obtained using the forward body biasing
technique shows an effective improvement compared to high threshold voltage and multi threshold voltage
techniques. The forward biasing technique maintains a balance between delay reduction and increase in
average power, thus reducing the power delay product when compared to the other two techniques.
In today’s modern electronics industries energy or power efficiency is most important feature to increase the speed, portability, reliability, popularity and efficiency of electronic products. Reduction in power consumption or low power requirement for a system adds features of low cost, high speed, more efficiency and reliability. CMOS technology is a popular name in the field of low power systems. In the field of CMOS technology various methods are used to make the systems more power efficient like, use of Sleepy transistors, Stack method in which transistor length or width is increased to get reduction in leakage power, use of pre-computation technique with the use of BDD (Binary Decision Diagram), use of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) for high speed operations. In this paper we survey low power systems in which various techniques are used to reduce the power consumption in different circuit areas of the system to get more power efficient and cost effective electronic systems.
A64fx and Fugaku - A Game Changing, HPC / AI Optimized Arm CPU to enable Exas...inside-BigData.com
In this video from Linaro Connect 2019, Satoshi Matsuoka from Riken presents: A64fx and Fugaku - A Game Changing, HPC / AI Optimized Arm CPU to enable Exascale Performance.
"Fugaku is the flagship next generation national supercomputer being developed by Riken R-CCS and Fujitsu in collaboration. Fugaku will have hyperscale datacenter class resource in a single exascale machine, with more than 150,000 nodes of sever-class Fujitsu A64fx many-core Arm CPUs with the new SVE (Scalable Vector Extension) with low precision math for the first time in the world, accelerating both HPC and AI workloads, augmented with HBM2 memory paired with each CPU, exhibiting nearly a Terabyte/s memory bandwidth for both HPC and AI rapid data movements."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-kYn
Learn more: https://postk-web.r-ccs.riken.jp/
and
https://connect.linaro.org/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
With the rise of containerization, as well as the established adoption of virtualization technologies, run-time power and energy management is becoming one of the key challenges in modern cloud computing. This is also fundamental as power consumption contributes to the 20% of the Total Cost of Ownership of a datacenter and energy costs will exceed hardware costs in the near future. In this context, several goals towards power optimization can be achieved. On the one hand, power capping can be enforced and on top of that the system should be able to maximize performance. On the other hand, when performance are critical, the system should be able to provide a minimum SLA and optimize power consumption without violating it. Within this context, we propose a common autonomic methodology based on the ODA control loop for containers and virtual machines. The proposed methodology is able to achieve 25% power savings for containers and can improve performance under a power cap for virtual machines.
The principal means to increase performance of modern high performance computing (HPC) applications is to use more processors in parallel. However, energy use increases linearly with the number of processing cores. Energy costs for top supercomputers already exceed 10M EUR per year, and the operating costs and carbon footprint of next generation systems (exaflop scale) are a major concern.
HPC applications use a parallel programming paradigm like the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to coordinate computation and communication among thousands of processors. With dynamically-changing factors both in hardware and software affecting energy usage of processors, there exists an opportunity for power monitoring and regulation at runtime to achieve savings in energy.
In this talk, an adaptive runtime framework is described that enables processors with core-specific power control to reduce power with little or no performance impact. Two opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of processors running MPI applications are identified - computational workload imbalance and memory system saturation.
HKG18-500K1 - Keynote: Dileep Bhandarkar - Emerging Computing Trends in the D...Linaro
Session ID: HKG18-500K1
Session Name: HKG18-500K1 - Keynote: Dileep Bhandarkar - Emerging Computing Trends in the Datacenter
Speaker: Not Available
Track: Keynote
★ Session Summary ★
For decades we have been able to take advantage of Moore’s Law to improve single thread performance, reduce power and cost with each generation of semiconductor technology. While technology has advanced after the end of Dennard scaling more than 10 years ago, the advances have slowed down. Server performance increases have relied on increasing core counts and power budgets.
At the same time, workloads have changed in the era of cloud computing. Scale out is becoming more important than scale up. Domain specific architectures have started to emerge to improve the energy efficiency of emerging workloads like deep learning
This talk will provide a historical perspective and discuss emerging trends driving the development of modern servers processors.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Event Page: http://connect.linaro.org/resource/hkg18/hkg18-500k1/
Presentation: http://connect.linaro.org.s3.amazonaws.com/hkg18/presentations/hkg18-500k1.pdf
Video: http://connect.linaro.org.s3.amazonaws.com/hkg18/videos/hkg18-500k1.mp4
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2018 (HKG18)
19-23 March 2018
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong
---------------------------------------------------
Keyword: Keynote
'http://www.linaro.org'
'http://connect.linaro.org'
---------------------------------------------------
Follow us on Social Media
https://www.facebook.com/LinaroOrg
https://www.youtube.com/user/linaroorg?sub_confirmation=1
https://www.linkedin.com/company/1026961
Heterogeneous Computing : The Future of SystemsAnand Haridass
Charts from NITK-IBM Computer Systems Research Group (NCSRG)
- Dennard Scaling,Moore's Law, OpenPOWER, Storage Class Memory, FPGA, GPU, CAPI, OpenCAPI, nVidia nvlink, Google Microsoft Heterogeneous system usage
Multiscale Dataflow Computing: Competitive Advantage at the Exascale Frontierinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the Stanford Colloquium on Computer Systems Seminar, Brian Boucher from Maxeler Technologies presents: Multiscale Dataflow Computing: Competitive Advantage at the Exascale Frontier.
"Maxeler Multiscale Dataflow computing is at the leading edge of energy-efficient high performance computing, providing competitive advantage in industries from energy to finance to defense. Maxeler builds the computer around the problem to maximize performance density, eliminating the elaborate caching and decoding machinery occupying most silicon in a standard processor. This talk will explain the motivation behind dataflow computing to escape the end of frequency scaling in the push to exascale machines, introduce the Maxeler dataflow ecosystem including MaxJ code and DFE hardware, and demonstrate the application of dataflow principles to a specific HPC software package (Quantum ESPRESSO)."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-hq1
Learn more: http://maxeler.com/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
IBM and ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, will unveil a prototype high-density, 64-bit microserver CPU placed on a 133 x 55 mm board running Linux. The partners are building the microserver as part of the DOME project, which is tasked with building an IT roadmap for the Square Kilometer Array, an international consortium to build the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope. Scientists estimate that the processing power required to operate the telescope will be equal to several millions of today's fastest computers.
IBM scientist Ronald Luijten (@ronaldgadget) will present the microserver in English from ASTRON's offices in Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
This was recorded on 3 July 14:00 Central European Time
AN ULTRA-LOW POWER ROBUST KOGGESTONE ADDER AT SUB-THRESHOLD VOLTAGES FOR IMPL...VLSICS Design
The growing demand for energy constrained applications and portable devices have created a dire need for
ultra-low power circuits. Implantable biomedical devices such as pacemakers need ultra-low power
circuits for a better battery life for uninterrupted biomedical data processing. Circuits operating in subthreshold
region minimize the energy per operation, thus providing a better platform for energy
constrained implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents 8, 16 and 32-bit ultra-low power robust
Kogge-Stone adders with improved performance. These adders operate at subthreshold supply voltages
which can be used for low power implantable bio-medical devices such as pacemakers. To improve the
performance of these adders in sub-threshold region, forward body bias technique and multi-threshold
transistors are used. The adders are designed using NCSU 45nm bulk CMOS process library and the
simulations were performed using HSPICE circuit simulator. Quantitative power-performance analysis is
performed at slow-slow (SS), typical-typical (TT) and fast-fast (FF) corners clocked at 50 KHz for
temperature ranging from 25̊C to 120̊C. For a supply voltage 0.3V, all the adders had the least PDP. Using
0.3V as the supply voltage, multi threshold voltage and forward body biasing techniques were applied to
further improve the performance of the adders. The PDP obtained using the forward body biasing
technique shows an effective improvement compared to high threshold voltage and multi threshold voltage
techniques. The forward biasing technique maintains a balance between delay reduction and increase in
average power, thus reducing the power delay product when compared to the other two techniques.
In today’s modern electronics industries energy or power efficiency is most important feature to increase the speed, portability, reliability, popularity and efficiency of electronic products. Reduction in power consumption or low power requirement for a system adds features of low cost, high speed, more efficiency and reliability. CMOS technology is a popular name in the field of low power systems. In the field of CMOS technology various methods are used to make the systems more power efficient like, use of Sleepy transistors, Stack method in which transistor length or width is increased to get reduction in leakage power, use of pre-computation technique with the use of BDD (Binary Decision Diagram), use of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) for high speed operations. In this paper we survey low power systems in which various techniques are used to reduce the power consumption in different circuit areas of the system to get more power efficient and cost effective electronic systems.
A64fx and Fugaku - A Game Changing, HPC / AI Optimized Arm CPU to enable Exas...inside-BigData.com
In this video from Linaro Connect 2019, Satoshi Matsuoka from Riken presents: A64fx and Fugaku - A Game Changing, HPC / AI Optimized Arm CPU to enable Exascale Performance.
"Fugaku is the flagship next generation national supercomputer being developed by Riken R-CCS and Fujitsu in collaboration. Fugaku will have hyperscale datacenter class resource in a single exascale machine, with more than 150,000 nodes of sever-class Fujitsu A64fx many-core Arm CPUs with the new SVE (Scalable Vector Extension) with low precision math for the first time in the world, accelerating both HPC and AI workloads, augmented with HBM2 memory paired with each CPU, exhibiting nearly a Terabyte/s memory bandwidth for both HPC and AI rapid data movements."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-kYn
Learn more: https://postk-web.r-ccs.riken.jp/
and
https://connect.linaro.org/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
With the rise of containerization, as well as the established adoption of virtualization technologies, run-time power and energy management is becoming one of the key challenges in modern cloud computing. This is also fundamental as power consumption contributes to the 20% of the Total Cost of Ownership of a datacenter and energy costs will exceed hardware costs in the near future. In this context, several goals towards power optimization can be achieved. On the one hand, power capping can be enforced and on top of that the system should be able to maximize performance. On the other hand, when performance are critical, the system should be able to provide a minimum SLA and optimize power consumption without violating it. Within this context, we propose a common autonomic methodology based on the ODA control loop for containers and virtual machines. The proposed methodology is able to achieve 25% power savings for containers and can improve performance under a power cap for virtual machines.
The principal means to increase performance of modern high performance computing (HPC) applications is to use more processors in parallel. However, energy use increases linearly with the number of processing cores. Energy costs for top supercomputers already exceed 10M EUR per year, and the operating costs and carbon footprint of next generation systems (exaflop scale) are a major concern.
HPC applications use a parallel programming paradigm like the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to coordinate computation and communication among thousands of processors. With dynamically-changing factors both in hardware and software affecting energy usage of processors, there exists an opportunity for power monitoring and regulation at runtime to achieve savings in energy.
In this talk, an adaptive runtime framework is described that enables processors with core-specific power control to reduce power with little or no performance impact. Two opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of processors running MPI applications are identified - computational workload imbalance and memory system saturation.
HKG18-500K1 - Keynote: Dileep Bhandarkar - Emerging Computing Trends in the D...Linaro
Session ID: HKG18-500K1
Session Name: HKG18-500K1 - Keynote: Dileep Bhandarkar - Emerging Computing Trends in the Datacenter
Speaker: Not Available
Track: Keynote
★ Session Summary ★
For decades we have been able to take advantage of Moore’s Law to improve single thread performance, reduce power and cost with each generation of semiconductor technology. While technology has advanced after the end of Dennard scaling more than 10 years ago, the advances have slowed down. Server performance increases have relied on increasing core counts and power budgets.
At the same time, workloads have changed in the era of cloud computing. Scale out is becoming more important than scale up. Domain specific architectures have started to emerge to improve the energy efficiency of emerging workloads like deep learning
This talk will provide a historical perspective and discuss emerging trends driving the development of modern servers processors.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Event Page: http://connect.linaro.org/resource/hkg18/hkg18-500k1/
Presentation: http://connect.linaro.org.s3.amazonaws.com/hkg18/presentations/hkg18-500k1.pdf
Video: http://connect.linaro.org.s3.amazonaws.com/hkg18/videos/hkg18-500k1.mp4
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2018 (HKG18)
19-23 March 2018
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong
---------------------------------------------------
Keyword: Keynote
'http://www.linaro.org'
'http://connect.linaro.org'
---------------------------------------------------
Follow us on Social Media
https://www.facebook.com/LinaroOrg
https://www.youtube.com/user/linaroorg?sub_confirmation=1
https://www.linkedin.com/company/1026961
Heterogeneous Computing : The Future of SystemsAnand Haridass
Charts from NITK-IBM Computer Systems Research Group (NCSRG)
- Dennard Scaling,Moore's Law, OpenPOWER, Storage Class Memory, FPGA, GPU, CAPI, OpenCAPI, nVidia nvlink, Google Microsoft Heterogeneous system usage
Multiscale Dataflow Computing: Competitive Advantage at the Exascale Frontierinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the Stanford Colloquium on Computer Systems Seminar, Brian Boucher from Maxeler Technologies presents: Multiscale Dataflow Computing: Competitive Advantage at the Exascale Frontier.
"Maxeler Multiscale Dataflow computing is at the leading edge of energy-efficient high performance computing, providing competitive advantage in industries from energy to finance to defense. Maxeler builds the computer around the problem to maximize performance density, eliminating the elaborate caching and decoding machinery occupying most silicon in a standard processor. This talk will explain the motivation behind dataflow computing to escape the end of frequency scaling in the push to exascale machines, introduce the Maxeler dataflow ecosystem including MaxJ code and DFE hardware, and demonstrate the application of dataflow principles to a specific HPC software package (Quantum ESPRESSO)."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-hq1
Learn more: http://maxeler.com/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
IBM Power9 Servers are here! Launched this week, the AC922 POWER9 servers will form the basis of the world’s fastest “Coral” supercomputers coming to ORNL and LLNL. Built specifically for compute-intensive AI workloads, the new POWER9 systems are capable of improving the training times of deep learning frameworks by nearly 4x allowing enterprises to build more accurate AI applications, faster.
Listen to the Radio Free HPC podcast on Power9: https://insidehpc.com/2017/12/radio-free-hpc-looks-new-power9-titan-v-snapdragon-845/
Learn more: https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/power-systems-ac922
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
40 Powers of 10 - Simulating the Universe with the DiRAC HPC Facilityinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the Swiss HPC Conference, Mark Wilkinson presents: 40 Powers of 10 - Simulating the Universe with the DiRAC HPC Facility.
"DiRAC is the integrated supercomputing facility for theoretical modeling and HPC-based research in particle physics, and astrophysics, cosmology, and nuclear physics, all areas in which the UK is world-leading. DiRAC provides a variety of compute resources, matching machine architecture to the algorithm design and requirements of the research problems to be solved. As a single federated Facility, DiRAC allows more effective and efficient use of computing resources, supporting the delivery of the science programs across the STFC research communities. It provides a common training and consultation framework and, crucially, provides critical mass and a coordinating structure for both small- and large-scale cross-discipline science projects, the technical support needed to run and develop a distributed HPC service, and a pool of expertise to support knowledge transfer and industrial partnership projects. The on-going development and sharing of best-practice for the delivery of productive, national HPC services with DiRAC enables STFC researchers to produce world-leading science across the entire STFC science theory program."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-k94
Learn more: https://dirac.ac.uk/
and
http://hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2019/swiss-workshop/agenda.php
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Large-Scale Optimization Strategies for Typical HPC Workloadsinside-BigData.com
In this deck from PASC 2019, Liu Yu from Inspur presents: Large-Scale Optimization Strategies for Typical HPC Workloads.
"Ensuring performance of applications running on large-scale clusters is one of the primary focuses in HPC research. In this talk, we will show our strategies on performance analysis and optimization for applications in different fields of research using large-scale HPC clusters. Our strategies are designed to comprehensively analyze runtime features of applications, parallel mode of the physical model, algorithm implementation and other technical details. This three levels of strategy covers platform optimization, technological innovation, and model innovation, and targeted optimization based on these features. State-of-the-art CPU instructions, network communication and other modules, and innovative parallel mode of some applications have been optimized. After optimization, it is expected that these applications will outperform their non-optimized counterparts with obvious increase in performance."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-kwB
Learn more: http://en.inspur.com/en/2403285/2403287/2403295/index.html
and
https://pasc19.pasc-conference.org/program/keynote-presentations/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
For decades we have been able to take advantage of Moore’s Law to improve single thread performance, reduce power and cost with each generation of semiconductor technology. While technology has advanced after the end of Dennard scaling more than 10 years ago, the advances have slowed down. Server performance increases have relied on increasing core counts and power budgets.
At the same time, workloads have changed in the era of cloud computing. Scale out is becoming more important than scale up. Domain specific architectures have started to emerge to improve the energy efficiency of emerging workloads like deep learning.
This talk will provide a historical perspective and discuss emerging trends driving the development of modern processors.
The GreenDroid mobile application processor is a 45-nm multicore research prototype that targets the Android mobile-phone software stack. It can execute general-purpose mobile programs with 11 times less energy than today’s most energy-efficient designs, at similar or better performance levels.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.