HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV attacks and destroys the immune system, leading to AIDS which is the late stage of HIV infection. HIV evolved from SIV which infects simians and has a high mutation rate with many subtypes. HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, most commonly during unprotected sex or sharing drug injection equipment. While all humans are susceptible to HIV, some people of northern European descent have a genetic mutation that makes them virtually immune. HIV/AIDS has impacted the world by increasing safe sex education and awareness campaigns as well as creating organizations like the Global Fund to fight diseases like HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria.

1. Mobius Disease Project: Benchmark 1
Michael Asmus
Identification
a. HIV means Human Immunodeficiency Virus.1
AIDS means Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.1
Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier discovered HIV separately. The name is a compromise between
their two designations for the disease.1
b. AIDS is caused by HIV, which attacks and destroys the immune system. HIV can be contracted
when the bodily fluids of an infected person come in contact with the fluids of another person. It is
most commonly caused by unprotected sex with an infected person, or by the sharing of equipment
used to prepare illicit drugs for injection.1
c. AIDS is the late stage of HIV, when the immune system is severely damaged.3 HIV evolved from
SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus), which is a similar virus that only attacks simians.1 HIV has a
high rate of mutation, with many substrands.4
d. HIV is descended from SIV, and is one of many immunodeficiency viruses. There are two types
of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2.1
e. Only humans are susceptible to HIV (it is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, after all), but there
are other immunodeficiency viruses for other types of organisms. These include SIV (Simian
Immunodeficiency Virus) and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus).1
Demographics
a. HIV/AIDS is not associated with any particular region; it is widespread enough to be considered
ubiquitous.7
b. HIV affects about .6% of the world's population, and has killed more than 25 million people
since its discovery in 1981.4
c. Most people are equally vulnerable, but some have a combination of two mutated genes that make
them virtually immune. These people are most likely to be of Northern European descent.5
Impact
a. HIV and AIDS have caused an increase in promotion of safe sexual behavior; for example, in
1987, the UK and other countries began to act to raise awareness of AIDS. A world AIDS day has

2. been created. The Global Fund has been created to fight AIDS, HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis, and
to help reduce poverty.6
b. HIV and AIDS were responsible for 3.1% of the estimated 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008,
and continue to be leading causes of death in low- and middle-income countries. 2