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An Adaptive Energy Aware Clustering Based Reliable Routing for in-Network Agg...Editor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices that cooperatively sense physical or
environmental conditions. Due to the non-uniform node deployment, the energy consumption among nodes are more
imbalanced in cluster-based wireless sensor networks this factor will affect the network life time. Cluster-based routing and EADC
algorithm through an efficient energy aware clustering algorithm is employed to avoid imbalance network distribution. Our proposed
protocol EADC aims at minimizing the overall network overhead and energy expenditure associated with the multi hop data retrieval
process while also ensuring balanced energy consumption among SNs and prolonged network life time .A optimal one-hop based
selective node in building cluster structures consisted of member nodes that route their measured data to their assigned cluster head is
identified to ensure efficient communication. The proposed routing algorithm increases forwarding tasks of the nodes in scarcely
covered areas by forcing cluster heads to choose nodes with higher energy and fewer member nodes and finally, achieves
imbalanced among cluster head and improve the network life time.
9.distributive energy efficient adaptive clustering protocol for wireless sen...Chính Cao
The document proposes a new clustering protocol called DEEAC for wireless sensor networks. DEEAC is adaptive based on the data reporting rates and residual energy levels of nodes. It aims to distribute energy consumption more evenly across the network by selecting cluster heads that have high residual energy and are located in "hot regions" with high data generation rates. This is intended to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks compared to the original LEACH protocol.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses clustering in wireless sensor networks. It begins with introducing wireless sensor networks and describing their architecture and applications. It then discusses the objective of clustering in wireless sensor networks, which is to minimize energy dissipation and maximize network lifetime. Various clustering algorithms are described, including LEACH and EEUC. EEUC is an energy-efficient unequal clustering algorithm that forms clusters of unequal size to reduce energy consumption of nodes farther from the base station. The document concludes that EEUC helps balance energy consumption among nodes and improves network lifetime.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AGGREGATION WITH DIVERGENT SINK PLACEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSO...ijasuc
In WSN the data aggregation is a means for condensing the energy requirement by reducing number of
transmission by combining the data and sending the final required result to the base station. The lifetime
of the WSN can be improved by employing the aggregation techniques. During the process of aggregation
the numbers of transmission are reduced by combining the similar data from the nearby areas. By using
the clustering technique and aggregating the correlated data greatly minimize the energy consumed in
collecting and disseminating the data. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a novel energy
efficient cluster based aggregation protocol (EECAP) for WSN. The main focus in this proposed work is
to study the performance of our proposed aggregation protocol with divergent sink placements such as
when sink is at the centre of the sensing field, corner of the sensing field or at a location selected
randomly in the sensor field. We present experimental results by calculating the lifetime of network in
terms of number of sensing rounds using various parameters such as – average remaining energy of
nodes, number of dead nodes after the specified number of sensing rounds. Finally the performance of
various aggregation algorithms such as LEACH, SEP and our proposed aggregation protocol (EECAP)
are compared with divergent sink placements. The simulation results demonstrates that EECAP exhibits
good performance in terms of lifetime and the energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks and
which can be as equally compared with existing clustering protocols.
This document outlines various clustering protocols for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN). It begins by defining keywords related to HWSN and challenges in these networks, such as limited energy and heterogeneous hardware. The goals of clustering protocols are then discussed, including load balancing, fault tolerance and energy efficiency. Various clustering methods, attributes and models are classified. Examples of heterogeneous resources, impacts and performance measures are provided. The document also lists relevant conferences, simulators and laboratories, and provides author details.
This document presents a hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. It begins with introductions to wireless sensor networks and their architecture. It then discusses routing protocols, applications, quality of service aspects, and types of clustering for wireless sensor networks. The main body of the document describes the evolution of hierarchical clustering, and presents the hierarchical clustering algorithm and a dynamic energy efficient hierarchical routing algorithm. It provides details on the simulation methods and concludes that hierarchical clustering and routing algorithms can efficiently reduce energy consumption in sensor nodes.
An Adaptive Energy Aware Clustering Based Reliable Routing for in-Network Agg...Editor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices that cooperatively sense physical or
environmental conditions. Due to the non-uniform node deployment, the energy consumption among nodes are more
imbalanced in cluster-based wireless sensor networks this factor will affect the network life time. Cluster-based routing and EADC
algorithm through an efficient energy aware clustering algorithm is employed to avoid imbalance network distribution. Our proposed
protocol EADC aims at minimizing the overall network overhead and energy expenditure associated with the multi hop data retrieval
process while also ensuring balanced energy consumption among SNs and prolonged network life time .A optimal one-hop based
selective node in building cluster structures consisted of member nodes that route their measured data to their assigned cluster head is
identified to ensure efficient communication. The proposed routing algorithm increases forwarding tasks of the nodes in scarcely
covered areas by forcing cluster heads to choose nodes with higher energy and fewer member nodes and finally, achieves
imbalanced among cluster head and improve the network life time.
9.distributive energy efficient adaptive clustering protocol for wireless sen...Chính Cao
The document proposes a new clustering protocol called DEEAC for wireless sensor networks. DEEAC is adaptive based on the data reporting rates and residual energy levels of nodes. It aims to distribute energy consumption more evenly across the network by selecting cluster heads that have high residual energy and are located in "hot regions" with high data generation rates. This is intended to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks compared to the original LEACH protocol.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses clustering in wireless sensor networks. It begins with introducing wireless sensor networks and describing their architecture and applications. It then discusses the objective of clustering in wireless sensor networks, which is to minimize energy dissipation and maximize network lifetime. Various clustering algorithms are described, including LEACH and EEUC. EEUC is an energy-efficient unequal clustering algorithm that forms clusters of unequal size to reduce energy consumption of nodes farther from the base station. The document concludes that EEUC helps balance energy consumption among nodes and improves network lifetime.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AGGREGATION WITH DIVERGENT SINK PLACEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSO...ijasuc
In WSN the data aggregation is a means for condensing the energy requirement by reducing number of
transmission by combining the data and sending the final required result to the base station. The lifetime
of the WSN can be improved by employing the aggregation techniques. During the process of aggregation
the numbers of transmission are reduced by combining the similar data from the nearby areas. By using
the clustering technique and aggregating the correlated data greatly minimize the energy consumed in
collecting and disseminating the data. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a novel energy
efficient cluster based aggregation protocol (EECAP) for WSN. The main focus in this proposed work is
to study the performance of our proposed aggregation protocol with divergent sink placements such as
when sink is at the centre of the sensing field, corner of the sensing field or at a location selected
randomly in the sensor field. We present experimental results by calculating the lifetime of network in
terms of number of sensing rounds using various parameters such as – average remaining energy of
nodes, number of dead nodes after the specified number of sensing rounds. Finally the performance of
various aggregation algorithms such as LEACH, SEP and our proposed aggregation protocol (EECAP)
are compared with divergent sink placements. The simulation results demonstrates that EECAP exhibits
good performance in terms of lifetime and the energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks and
which can be as equally compared with existing clustering protocols.
This document outlines various clustering protocols for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN). It begins by defining keywords related to HWSN and challenges in these networks, such as limited energy and heterogeneous hardware. The goals of clustering protocols are then discussed, including load balancing, fault tolerance and energy efficiency. Various clustering methods, attributes and models are classified. Examples of heterogeneous resources, impacts and performance measures are provided. The document also lists relevant conferences, simulators and laboratories, and provides author details.
This document presents a hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. It begins with introductions to wireless sensor networks and their architecture. It then discusses routing protocols, applications, quality of service aspects, and types of clustering for wireless sensor networks. The main body of the document describes the evolution of hierarchical clustering, and presents the hierarchical clustering algorithm and a dynamic energy efficient hierarchical routing algorithm. It provides details on the simulation methods and concludes that hierarchical clustering and routing algorithms can efficiently reduce energy consumption in sensor nodes.
In wireless sensor network energy cutback is considered as a principle intensive challenge which is studied largely in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) literature. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are pertinent in numerous arenas where WSNs may be used for sensing, ciphering, and communication elements that give a user or administrator the ability to instrument, observe, and retort to events and phenomena in a specific environment. But sensor devices are resource curbed, positioned in an open and unattended environment, different types of attacks and conventional techniques against these attacks are not desirable due to the resource constrained nature of these kinds of networks. An energy-balanced routing method based on forward-aware factor (FAF-EBRM) in which the next-hop node is elected according to the awareness of link weight and forward energy density. FAF-EBRM is compared with Ladder Diffusion Algorithm, which balances the energy utilization, sustain the function era and guarantees high QoS of WSN. The FAF-EBRM is proposed with Secure Routing Layer (SRL) Protocol which ensures that the secure data transmission is achieved without releasing private sensor readings and without introducing significant overhead on the battery-limited sensors.
The document describes localized, self-organizing approaches for constructing energy-efficient data aggregation trees in sensor networks. It proposes Localized Power-Efficient Data Aggregation Protocols (L-PEDAPs) that use localized structures like LMST and RNG to approximate a minimum spanning tree. L-PEDAP then constructs an actual routing tree over these structures using localized parent selection strategies. Simulation results show L-PEDAP can achieve close to 90% of a theoretical upper bound on network lifetime derived in the paper, outperforming centralized solutions while meeting requirements like distributed operation, scalability, and robustness to failures.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Surveyijsrd.com
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring lot of changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we have discussed various energy efficient data aggregation protocols for sensor networks.
A NOVEL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROTOCOL FOR WSN BASED ON OPTIMAL CHAIN ROUTINGKhushbooGupta145
Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network is one of the most significant aspects of routing in these networks. WSN consist of thousands of sensory nodes densely distributed over wide geographical network. As these nodes are deployed in remote areas where recharging is not possible, even if it is possible it will incur high cost. So there is a need of a protocol which facilitates less energy dissipation and thereby enhances the overall performance of the network. We surveyed several protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS, ACT etc. and concluded that important performance measures are First Node Die (FND), Half Node Alive (HNA) and Last Node Alive (LNA). Values for above mentioned parameters vary for different protocols. In this paper we present a new protocol Energy Efficient Optimal Chain Protocol (EEOC) which outperforms all above mentioned protocols. We compared the results of all these protocols with EEOC and found that with respect to FND, HNA and LNA EEOC performs way better than others.
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...IJCSEA Journal
Decrease energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime are important parameters in designing and protocols for wireless sensor network (WSN).Clustering is one of the efficient methods in energy consumption by Cluster-Head in WSN. Besides, CH can process and aggregate data sent by cluster members, thus reducing network traffic for sending data to sink. In this paper presents a new cluster routing algorithm by dividing network into grids. In each grid computes the center-gravity and threshold of energy for selecting the node that has the best condition base on these parameters in grid for selecting Cluster-Head in current round, also SLGC selecting Cluster-Heads for next rounds thereby this CHs reduce the volume of controlling messages for next rounds and inform nodes for sending data into CH of respective round. This algorithm prolong network lifetime and decrease energy consumption by selecting CH in grid and sending data of grid to sink by this CH. Result of simulation shows that SLGC algorithm in comparison with the previous clustering algorithm has maximizing network lifetime and decrease energy consumption in network.
SECTOR TREE-BASED CLUSTERING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL IN HETEROG...IJCNCJournal
The document proposes a new routing protocol called Sector Tree-Based Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (STB-EE) for wireless sensor networks. STB-EE partitions the sensor field into dynamic sectors to balance the number of nodes per cluster. Within each sector, STB-EE constructs a minimum spanning tree to connect nodes and reduce long-distance communication. STB-EE selects cluster heads based on remaining energy and distance to the base station. Simulation results show STB-EE can improve network lifespan by about 15-16% compared to other protocols.
K-means clustering-based WSN protocol for energy efficiency improvement IJECEIAES
Since it is very difficult to replace or recharge the batteries of the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network (WSN), efficient use of the batteries of the sensor nodes is a very important issue. This has a deep relationship with the lifetime of the network. If the node's energy is exhausted, the node is no longer available. If a certain number of nodes (50% or 80%) in a network consume energy completely, the whole network will not work. Therefore, various protocols have been proposed to maintain the network for a long time by minimizing energy consumption. In recent years, a protocol using a K-means clustering algorithm, one of machine learning techniques, has been proposed. A KCED protocol is proposed in consideration of residual energy of a node, a cluster center, and a distance to a base station in order to improve a problem of a protocol using K-average gung zipper algorithm such as cluster center consideration.
Wireless sensor network consists of several distributed sensor nodes. It is used for several environmental applications, military applications and health related applications. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. Most of the research in energy efficient data gathering in data centric applications of wireless sensor networks is motivated by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) scheme. It allows the rotation of cluster head role among the sensor nodes and tries to distribute the energy consumption over the network. Selection of sensor node for such role rotations greatly affects the energy efficiency of the network. Some of the routing protocol has a drawback that the cluster is not evenly distributed due to its randomized rotation of local cluster head. We have surveyed several existing methods for selecting energy efficient cluster head in wireless sensor networks. We have proposed an energy efficient cluster head selection method in which the cluster head selection and replacement cost is reduced and ultimately the network lifetime is increased. Using our proposed method, network life time is increased compared to existing methods. Keywords: WSN, CH, BS, LEACH, LEACH-B, LEACH-F
Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection Approach in WSNIJCNCJournal
In recent years, limited resources of user products and energy-saving are recognized as the major challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Clustering is a practical technique that can reduce all energy consumption and provide stability of workload that causes a larger difference in energy depletion among other nodes and cluster heads (CHs). In addition, clustering is the solution of energy-efficient for maximizing the network longevity and improvising energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel OCE-CHS (Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection) approach for sensor nodes is represented to improvise the packet success ratio and reduce the average energy-dissipation. The main contribution of this paper is categorized into two processes, first, the clustering algorithm is improvised that periodically chooses the optimal set of the CHs according to the speed of the average node and average-node energy. This is considerably distinguished from node-based clustering that utilizes a distributed clustering algorithm to choose CHs based on the speed of the current node and remaining node energy. Second, more than one factor is assumed for the detached node to join the optimal cluster. In the result section, we discuss our clustering protocols implementation of optimal CH-selection to evade the death of SNs, maximizing throughput, and further improvise the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption.
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes a neighbor discovery protocol for asynchronous sensor networks. The paper aims to achieve neighbor discovery with minimal and predictable energy costs while allowing nodes to operate asynchronously. It provides a theoretical formulation of the asynchronous neighbor discovery problem and evaluates potential solutions. The paper reviews related works that address the tradeoff between energy consumption and latency in sensor networks and wireless networks. It discusses models and approaches used in previous studies.
ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMIZING THE MINIMUM LIFETIME OF WIR...ijasuc
In wireless sensor network, devices or nodes are generally battery powered devices. These nodes have
limited amount of initial energy that are consumed at different rates, depending on the power level. The
lifetime of the network is defined as the time until the first node fails (or runs out of battery). In this paper
different type of energy efficient routing algorithms are discussed and approach of these algorithms is to
maximize the minimum lifetime of wireless sensor network. Special attention has been devoted for
algorithms formulate the routing problem as a linear programming problem, which uses the optimal flow
path for data transmission and gives the optimum results. Advantages, limitations as well as comparative
study of these algorithms are also discussed in this paper.
The comparison between routing protocols based on lifetime of wireless sensor...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...CSCJournals
Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. Node is intended to help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism in order to solve problem of dead communication. MANET which engages broadcasting and contains multiple hops becomes increasingly vulnerable to problems such as mobile node’s energy degradation, routing problem and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides an extensive study of energy consumption in the MANET that consists of several network areas with the presence agents. Agents will minimize number of hops and its affect in linearity with the delay. As nodes grow, either in data transmission services or coverage of node’s communication or more agents stand in overlapped locations, accordingly data exchange and topology development to adapt the network are becoming an important issue. As a result, agents are needed to support process automation, high-level connectivity and intelligent service on that such environment. We evaluate the agents’ performance and network energy consumption for supporting MANET. The proposed agents provides service packets transmission between networks; e.g. determine appropriate relay nodes dynamically, maintain the transmission between networks through another nodes, share the topology knowledge among agents, and route packets between source and final destination that are unable to communicate directly. The achievement on research with this approach is conducted via simulation study. A similar network without agents is presented to derive such referential bounds by using appropriate functions of network agents. The proposed algorithm is confirmed with composite simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
This paper proposes a cluster-based routing method for wireless sensor networks to enhance network lifetime. Sensor nodes are organized into clusters, with one node acting as the cluster head. The cluster heads perform data aggregation and routing to prolong network lifetime by reducing transmissions. The method uses a power saving mechanism where overlapping sensor nodes are put into sleep states to conserve energy. Simulation results show the proposed method reduces energy consumption and increases the number of active nodes compared to static clustering without a sleep schedule.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes improvements to the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins by describing the basic LEACH protocol and some of its limitations, such as uneven energy consumption and long-distance transmissions from cluster heads to the base station. The proposed EE-LEACH modified protocol aims to make cluster head selection dependent on residual node energy and distance to other cluster heads, in order to balance energy usage and improve network lifetime. The protocol modifications and objectives are outlined, along with the simulation parameters that will be used to analyze energy efficiency improvements compared to the basic LEACH protocol.
The Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors that are effective for gathering data
in a variety of environments, as the sensor operate on battery which is of limited power. To support high scalability and better data aggregation in fixed base station communication, sensor nodes are often grouped into disjoint, non overlapping subsets called clusters. Clusters create hierarchical WSN which incorporate efficient utilization of limited resources of sensor nodes. These clusters are formed by specialized cells. Each cluster is managed by a special node called cluster head and advanced node. An algorithm for better cluster head selection
based on the node energy and the distance from base station to the cluster head for the efficient transmission and to reduce energy consumption by the sensor nodes is proposed in this paper. And the same algorithm is compared with the LEACH algorithm in terms of energy consumption.
ENERGY EFFICIENT GRID AND TREE BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLijwmn
In Wireless Sensor Network, a large number of sensor nodes are deployed and they mainly consume energy
in transmitting data over long distances. Sensor nodes are battery powered and their energy is restricted.
Since the location of the sink is remote, considerable energy would be consumed if each node directly
transmits data to the base station. Aggregating data at the intermediate nodes and transmitting using multihops
aids in reducing energy consumption to a great extent. This paper proposes a hybrid protocol
“Energy efficient Grid and Tree based routing protocol” (EGT) in which the sensing area is divided into
grids. The nodes in the grid relay data to the cell leader which aggregates the data and transmits to the
sink using the constructed hop tree. Simulation results show that EGT performs better than LEACH.
Congestion Control Clustering a Review PaperEditor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Networks consists of sensor nodes which are scattered in the environment, gather data and transmit it to a
base station for processing. Energy conservation in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a very important task because of their
limited battery power. The related works so far have been done have tried to solve the problem keeping in the mind the constraints of
WSNs. In this paper, a priority based application specific congestion control clustering (PASCCC) protocol has been studied, which
often integrates the range of motion and heterogeneity of the nodes to detect congestion in a very network. Moreover a comparison of
the various clustering techniques has been done. From the survey it has been found that none of the protocol is efficient for energy
conservation. Hence the paper ends with future scope to overcome these issues.
El documento habla sobre lugares de interés en la ciudad de Copenhague, Dinamarca. Menciona la Sirenita, el museo Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, la ubicación de Copenhague, la Torre Redonda, el palacio Amalienborg y la Iglesia de Mármol, hoteles en Copenhague, vistas panorámicas de la ciudad, Nyhavn y Nytorv, el palacio Rosenborg, Strøget y la Iglesia de San Pedro.
The document is a scanned receipt from a grocery store purchase on June 15th, 2022 totaling $58.37. It lists items bought including ground beef, chicken breasts, tortillas, cheese, and produce such as tomatoes, lettuce, and onions. The receipt shows the item prices, taxes, and total amount due.
Treselle Systems was recognized by a magazine as one of 100 companies providing big data solutions and impacting the marketplace. The magazine publishes an annual listing of 100 companies that are at the forefront of providing big data solutions. Treselle Systems is impacting the marketplace with its big data solutions.
In wireless sensor network energy cutback is considered as a principle intensive challenge which is studied largely in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) literature. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are pertinent in numerous arenas where WSNs may be used for sensing, ciphering, and communication elements that give a user or administrator the ability to instrument, observe, and retort to events and phenomena in a specific environment. But sensor devices are resource curbed, positioned in an open and unattended environment, different types of attacks and conventional techniques against these attacks are not desirable due to the resource constrained nature of these kinds of networks. An energy-balanced routing method based on forward-aware factor (FAF-EBRM) in which the next-hop node is elected according to the awareness of link weight and forward energy density. FAF-EBRM is compared with Ladder Diffusion Algorithm, which balances the energy utilization, sustain the function era and guarantees high QoS of WSN. The FAF-EBRM is proposed with Secure Routing Layer (SRL) Protocol which ensures that the secure data transmission is achieved without releasing private sensor readings and without introducing significant overhead on the battery-limited sensors.
The document describes localized, self-organizing approaches for constructing energy-efficient data aggregation trees in sensor networks. It proposes Localized Power-Efficient Data Aggregation Protocols (L-PEDAPs) that use localized structures like LMST and RNG to approximate a minimum spanning tree. L-PEDAP then constructs an actual routing tree over these structures using localized parent selection strategies. Simulation results show L-PEDAP can achieve close to 90% of a theoretical upper bound on network lifetime derived in the paper, outperforming centralized solutions while meeting requirements like distributed operation, scalability, and robustness to failures.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Surveyijsrd.com
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring lot of changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we have discussed various energy efficient data aggregation protocols for sensor networks.
A NOVEL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROTOCOL FOR WSN BASED ON OPTIMAL CHAIN ROUTINGKhushbooGupta145
Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network is one of the most significant aspects of routing in these networks. WSN consist of thousands of sensory nodes densely distributed over wide geographical network. As these nodes are deployed in remote areas where recharging is not possible, even if it is possible it will incur high cost. So there is a need of a protocol which facilitates less energy dissipation and thereby enhances the overall performance of the network. We surveyed several protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS, ACT etc. and concluded that important performance measures are First Node Die (FND), Half Node Alive (HNA) and Last Node Alive (LNA). Values for above mentioned parameters vary for different protocols. In this paper we present a new protocol Energy Efficient Optimal Chain Protocol (EEOC) which outperforms all above mentioned protocols. We compared the results of all these protocols with EEOC and found that with respect to FND, HNA and LNA EEOC performs way better than others.
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...IJCSEA Journal
Decrease energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime are important parameters in designing and protocols for wireless sensor network (WSN).Clustering is one of the efficient methods in energy consumption by Cluster-Head in WSN. Besides, CH can process and aggregate data sent by cluster members, thus reducing network traffic for sending data to sink. In this paper presents a new cluster routing algorithm by dividing network into grids. In each grid computes the center-gravity and threshold of energy for selecting the node that has the best condition base on these parameters in grid for selecting Cluster-Head in current round, also SLGC selecting Cluster-Heads for next rounds thereby this CHs reduce the volume of controlling messages for next rounds and inform nodes for sending data into CH of respective round. This algorithm prolong network lifetime and decrease energy consumption by selecting CH in grid and sending data of grid to sink by this CH. Result of simulation shows that SLGC algorithm in comparison with the previous clustering algorithm has maximizing network lifetime and decrease energy consumption in network.
SECTOR TREE-BASED CLUSTERING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL IN HETEROG...IJCNCJournal
The document proposes a new routing protocol called Sector Tree-Based Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (STB-EE) for wireless sensor networks. STB-EE partitions the sensor field into dynamic sectors to balance the number of nodes per cluster. Within each sector, STB-EE constructs a minimum spanning tree to connect nodes and reduce long-distance communication. STB-EE selects cluster heads based on remaining energy and distance to the base station. Simulation results show STB-EE can improve network lifespan by about 15-16% compared to other protocols.
K-means clustering-based WSN protocol for energy efficiency improvement IJECEIAES
Since it is very difficult to replace or recharge the batteries of the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network (WSN), efficient use of the batteries of the sensor nodes is a very important issue. This has a deep relationship with the lifetime of the network. If the node's energy is exhausted, the node is no longer available. If a certain number of nodes (50% or 80%) in a network consume energy completely, the whole network will not work. Therefore, various protocols have been proposed to maintain the network for a long time by minimizing energy consumption. In recent years, a protocol using a K-means clustering algorithm, one of machine learning techniques, has been proposed. A KCED protocol is proposed in consideration of residual energy of a node, a cluster center, and a distance to a base station in order to improve a problem of a protocol using K-average gung zipper algorithm such as cluster center consideration.
Wireless sensor network consists of several distributed sensor nodes. It is used for several environmental applications, military applications and health related applications. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. Most of the research in energy efficient data gathering in data centric applications of wireless sensor networks is motivated by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) scheme. It allows the rotation of cluster head role among the sensor nodes and tries to distribute the energy consumption over the network. Selection of sensor node for such role rotations greatly affects the energy efficiency of the network. Some of the routing protocol has a drawback that the cluster is not evenly distributed due to its randomized rotation of local cluster head. We have surveyed several existing methods for selecting energy efficient cluster head in wireless sensor networks. We have proposed an energy efficient cluster head selection method in which the cluster head selection and replacement cost is reduced and ultimately the network lifetime is increased. Using our proposed method, network life time is increased compared to existing methods. Keywords: WSN, CH, BS, LEACH, LEACH-B, LEACH-F
Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection Approach in WSNIJCNCJournal
In recent years, limited resources of user products and energy-saving are recognized as the major challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Clustering is a practical technique that can reduce all energy consumption and provide stability of workload that causes a larger difference in energy depletion among other nodes and cluster heads (CHs). In addition, clustering is the solution of energy-efficient for maximizing the network longevity and improvising energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel OCE-CHS (Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection) approach for sensor nodes is represented to improvise the packet success ratio and reduce the average energy-dissipation. The main contribution of this paper is categorized into two processes, first, the clustering algorithm is improvised that periodically chooses the optimal set of the CHs according to the speed of the average node and average-node energy. This is considerably distinguished from node-based clustering that utilizes a distributed clustering algorithm to choose CHs based on the speed of the current node and remaining node energy. Second, more than one factor is assumed for the detached node to join the optimal cluster. In the result section, we discuss our clustering protocols implementation of optimal CH-selection to evade the death of SNs, maximizing throughput, and further improvise the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption.
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes a neighbor discovery protocol for asynchronous sensor networks. The paper aims to achieve neighbor discovery with minimal and predictable energy costs while allowing nodes to operate asynchronously. It provides a theoretical formulation of the asynchronous neighbor discovery problem and evaluates potential solutions. The paper reviews related works that address the tradeoff between energy consumption and latency in sensor networks and wireless networks. It discusses models and approaches used in previous studies.
ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMIZING THE MINIMUM LIFETIME OF WIR...ijasuc
In wireless sensor network, devices or nodes are generally battery powered devices. These nodes have
limited amount of initial energy that are consumed at different rates, depending on the power level. The
lifetime of the network is defined as the time until the first node fails (or runs out of battery). In this paper
different type of energy efficient routing algorithms are discussed and approach of these algorithms is to
maximize the minimum lifetime of wireless sensor network. Special attention has been devoted for
algorithms formulate the routing problem as a linear programming problem, which uses the optimal flow
path for data transmission and gives the optimum results. Advantages, limitations as well as comparative
study of these algorithms are also discussed in this paper.
The comparison between routing protocols based on lifetime of wireless sensor...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...CSCJournals
Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. Node is intended to help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism in order to solve problem of dead communication. MANET which engages broadcasting and contains multiple hops becomes increasingly vulnerable to problems such as mobile node’s energy degradation, routing problem and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides an extensive study of energy consumption in the MANET that consists of several network areas with the presence agents. Agents will minimize number of hops and its affect in linearity with the delay. As nodes grow, either in data transmission services or coverage of node’s communication or more agents stand in overlapped locations, accordingly data exchange and topology development to adapt the network are becoming an important issue. As a result, agents are needed to support process automation, high-level connectivity and intelligent service on that such environment. We evaluate the agents’ performance and network energy consumption for supporting MANET. The proposed agents provides service packets transmission between networks; e.g. determine appropriate relay nodes dynamically, maintain the transmission between networks through another nodes, share the topology knowledge among agents, and route packets between source and final destination that are unable to communicate directly. The achievement on research with this approach is conducted via simulation study. A similar network without agents is presented to derive such referential bounds by using appropriate functions of network agents. The proposed algorithm is confirmed with composite simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
This paper proposes a cluster-based routing method for wireless sensor networks to enhance network lifetime. Sensor nodes are organized into clusters, with one node acting as the cluster head. The cluster heads perform data aggregation and routing to prolong network lifetime by reducing transmissions. The method uses a power saving mechanism where overlapping sensor nodes are put into sleep states to conserve energy. Simulation results show the proposed method reduces energy consumption and increases the number of active nodes compared to static clustering without a sleep schedule.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes improvements to the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins by describing the basic LEACH protocol and some of its limitations, such as uneven energy consumption and long-distance transmissions from cluster heads to the base station. The proposed EE-LEACH modified protocol aims to make cluster head selection dependent on residual node energy and distance to other cluster heads, in order to balance energy usage and improve network lifetime. The protocol modifications and objectives are outlined, along with the simulation parameters that will be used to analyze energy efficiency improvements compared to the basic LEACH protocol.
The Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors that are effective for gathering data
in a variety of environments, as the sensor operate on battery which is of limited power. To support high scalability and better data aggregation in fixed base station communication, sensor nodes are often grouped into disjoint, non overlapping subsets called clusters. Clusters create hierarchical WSN which incorporate efficient utilization of limited resources of sensor nodes. These clusters are formed by specialized cells. Each cluster is managed by a special node called cluster head and advanced node. An algorithm for better cluster head selection
based on the node energy and the distance from base station to the cluster head for the efficient transmission and to reduce energy consumption by the sensor nodes is proposed in this paper. And the same algorithm is compared with the LEACH algorithm in terms of energy consumption.
ENERGY EFFICIENT GRID AND TREE BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLijwmn
In Wireless Sensor Network, a large number of sensor nodes are deployed and they mainly consume energy
in transmitting data over long distances. Sensor nodes are battery powered and their energy is restricted.
Since the location of the sink is remote, considerable energy would be consumed if each node directly
transmits data to the base station. Aggregating data at the intermediate nodes and transmitting using multihops
aids in reducing energy consumption to a great extent. This paper proposes a hybrid protocol
“Energy efficient Grid and Tree based routing protocol” (EGT) in which the sensing area is divided into
grids. The nodes in the grid relay data to the cell leader which aggregates the data and transmits to the
sink using the constructed hop tree. Simulation results show that EGT performs better than LEACH.
Congestion Control Clustering a Review PaperEditor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Networks consists of sensor nodes which are scattered in the environment, gather data and transmit it to a
base station for processing. Energy conservation in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a very important task because of their
limited battery power. The related works so far have been done have tried to solve the problem keeping in the mind the constraints of
WSNs. In this paper, a priority based application specific congestion control clustering (PASCCC) protocol has been studied, which
often integrates the range of motion and heterogeneity of the nodes to detect congestion in a very network. Moreover a comparison of
the various clustering techniques has been done. From the survey it has been found that none of the protocol is efficient for energy
conservation. Hence the paper ends with future scope to overcome these issues.
El documento habla sobre lugares de interés en la ciudad de Copenhague, Dinamarca. Menciona la Sirenita, el museo Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, la ubicación de Copenhague, la Torre Redonda, el palacio Amalienborg y la Iglesia de Mármol, hoteles en Copenhague, vistas panorámicas de la ciudad, Nyhavn y Nytorv, el palacio Rosenborg, Strøget y la Iglesia de San Pedro.
The document is a scanned receipt from a grocery store purchase on June 15th, 2022 totaling $58.37. It lists items bought including ground beef, chicken breasts, tortillas, cheese, and produce such as tomatoes, lettuce, and onions. The receipt shows the item prices, taxes, and total amount due.
Treselle Systems was recognized by a magazine as one of 100 companies providing big data solutions and impacting the marketplace. The magazine publishes an annual listing of 100 companies that are at the forefront of providing big data solutions. Treselle Systems is impacting the marketplace with its big data solutions.
ASEAN aims to promote regional cooperation and integration among its 10 member states based on the principles of consensus and non-interference. Its goal is to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and socio-cultural evolution among its societies while maintaining a Southeast Asian identity. ASEAN hopes to present a united voice on issues affecting the region and its peoples.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and
packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which
ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer
from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of
sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads
in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption
and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer
and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers
reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and
packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which
ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer
from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of
sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads
in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption
and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer
and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers
reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
A Novel Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing With Hybrid Protocol in Wirele...IJERA Editor
In wireless sensor network, lifetime of sensor nodes is the most essential parameters. sensor node's lifetime may be extended using LEACH and HEED scheme which is allowing to move the cluster head surrounded by the sensor nodes try to allocate the energy consumption over all nodes in the network. Energy efficiency is depends on the selection of cluster head. In this paper, we proposed the clustering algorithm to minimize the overhead of control packets by using LEACH and HEED and Efficient utilization of node near sink and to implements the hybrid protocol which would be better than the existing protocol.
This paper considers a heterogeneous network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each
Normal sensor node in a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to the clusterhead,
and then cluster head sending data to a base station (via intermediate cluster- heads). This paper
focuses on reducing the energy consumption and hence improving lifetime of wireless sensor Networks.
Clustering sensor node is an effective topology for the energy constrained networks. So energy saving
algorithm has been developed in which clusters are formed considering a subset of high energy nodes as a
cluster-head and another subset of powerful nodes is ask to go to sleep. When Cluster heads deplete their
energy another subset of nodes becomes active and acts as a cluster head. Proposed approach is
implemented in MATLAB, Simulation results shows that it can prolong the network lifetime than LEACH
protocol, and achieves better performance than the existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH.
2.a survey on energy balanced clustering approach for homogenous sensor networkk srikanth
Energy consumption is one of the significant characteristic should be considered within designing of routing protocol. A one of major challenge is to improve the lifespan of network within designing of the homogenous sensor network. This paper deal with a new approach for homogenous sensor network. This method intended to balance the consumption of energy at member node as well as head node of cluster during the data transmission stage. The aim of the intended method to improve energy efficiency and lifespan of network.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
An Improved LEACH-C Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in WSN Routingijsrd.com
this paper considered a multi-objective LEACH-C algorithm in the selection of Cluster Head (CH) in such a way so that its energy is used uniformly with load balancing among clusters for delayed disintegration of network. LEACH-C algorithm based single objective clustering approach has been replaced by multi-objective clustering approach where we not only considered the residual energy of nodes but the size of cluster in creating a cluster structure. The improved LEACH-C protocol has been compared with random LEACH and Max Energy LEACH or existing LEACH-C algorithm for energy equi-distribution and load balancing among clusters. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is simulated using a MATLAB programming and power consumption algorithms take into consideration all aspects of power consumption in the operation of the node. The modified LEACH-C routing protocol shows improvements in lifetime as well as in network disintegration criterion
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an enhanced cross-layer protocol (ECLP) for wireless sensor networks. ECLP integrates medium access control and routing to improve energy efficiency and reduce latency. It uses an adaptive duty cycling scheme with adaptive timeouts and reservation requests. It also designs a tree-based energy-aware routing algorithm to prolong the network lifetime while minimizing control overhead for data delivery. Simulation results show ECLP outperforms other existing algorithms in terms of energy efficiency and latency.
This document discusses clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and clustering. It then discusses various clustering algorithms such as LEACH, ACW, CIPRA, ERA, LEACH-C, EECHSSDA, HEED, and HEF. Many of the early algorithms like LEACH, ACW and CIPRA do not consider energy levels of nodes when selecting cluster heads. Later algorithms such as ERA, LEACH-C, EECHSSDA, HEED, and HEF aim to maximize network lifetime by selecting cluster heads based on remaining energy levels or probability related to energy. HEF is presented as an algorithm that can provide optimal cluster head selection as well
This document discusses clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and clustering. It then discusses various clustering algorithms such as LEACH, ACW, CIPRA, ERA, LEACH-C, EECHSSDA, HEED, and HEF. Many of the early algorithms like LEACH, ACW and CIPRA do not consider energy levels of nodes when selecting cluster heads. Later algorithms such as ERA, LEACH-C, EECHSSDA, HEED, and HEF aim to maximize network lifetime by selecting cluster heads based on remaining energy levels or probability related to energy. HEF is presented as an algorithm that can provide optimal cluster head selection as well
This document proposes an ant colony optimization-based unequal clustering approach for wireless sensor networks to minimize energy consumption. It initializes nodes near the base station as relay nodes to reduce the number of participating relay nodes and increase performance. The approach selects optimal cluster heads using ant colony meta-heuristic optimization and selects optimal paths between nodes. It performs data fusion to reduce the number of transmissions from cluster heads to other nodes, lowering energy usage. The paper claims this approach reduces energy consumption more effectively than existing unequal clustering approaches based on evaluation of performance metrics.
Enhancing Survivability, Lifetime, and Energy Efficiency of Wireless NetworksIJRES Journal
In this paper, we focus on improving wireless networks survivability in terms of increasing network lifetime and its energy efficiency via clustering the network in an efficient way. Clustering the network is the procedure of partitioning it into groups, where each of them is known as a cluster. Each cluster elects the station with the highest power to be a cluster head. The remaining stations follow the nearest cluster head. Instead of having each station sends its packets to a remote receiver, the cluster head receives packets from all stations within its cluster, aggregates them, and forwards the resulting packets to the remote receiver. The most significant benefit of clustering the network that we focus on is to decrease distances between sending and receiving stations, which in turn reduces the transmission energy. This reduction in the energy yields an increase in the network lifetime and its survivability.
ENERGY EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER HEAD ELECTION USING EXPONENTIAL DECAY F...ijwmn
This document summarizes an article that proposes an improved algorithm for selecting cluster heads in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm uses an exponential decay function to predict the average energy of sensor nodes and selects cluster heads based on both the probabilistic LEACH algorithm and predicted energy levels. The algorithm was tested in MATLAB simulations of a homogeneous sensor network and showed improvements in stability, average energy dissipation per round, and lifespan over the baseline LEACH protocol.
INCREASING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LIFETIME WITH NEW METHODijwmn
The document proposes a new method to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. It divides the sensor network environment into two virtual layers based on distance from the base station. It then uses residual energy, distance from base station, and position in the layers as factors in selecting cluster heads. Simulations show the proposed method outperforms LEACH and ELEACH algorithms in both homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor energy environments.
INCREASING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LIFETIME WITH NEW METHODijwmn
One of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is severe energy restrictions. As the
performance of Sensor Networks is strongly dependence to the network lifetime, researchers seek a way to
use node energy supply effectively and increasing network lifetime. As a consequence, it is crucial to use
routing algorithms result in decrease energy consumption and better bandwidth utilization. The purpose of
this paper is to increase Wireless Sensor Networks lifetime using LEACH-algorithm. So before clustering
Network environment, it is divided into two virtual layers (using distance between sensor nodes and base
station) and then regarding to sensors position in each of two layers, residual energy of sensor and
distance from base station is used in clustering. In this article, we compare proposed algorithm with wellknown LEACH and ELEACH algorithms in homogenous environment (with equal energy for all sensors)
and heterogeneous one (energy of half of sensors get doubled), also for static and dynamic situation of base
station. Results show that our proposed algorithm delivers improved performance.
Energy efficient data communication approach in wireless sensor networksijassn
Wireless sensor network has a vast variety of applications. The adoption of energy efficient cluster-based
configuration has many untapped desirable benefits for the WSNs. The limitation of energy in a sensor
node creates challenges for routing in WSNs. The research work presents the organized and detailed
description of energy conservation method for WSNs. In the proposed method reclustering and multihop
data transmission processes are utilized for data reporting to base station by sensor node. The accurate use
of energy in WSNs is the main challenge for exploiting the network to the full extent. The main aim of the
proposed method is that by evenly distributing the energy all over the sensor nodes and by reducing the
total energy dissipation, the lifetime of the network is enhanced, so that the node will remain alive for
longer times inside the cluster. The result shows that the proposed clustering approach has higher stable
region and network life time than Topology-Controlled Adaptive Clustering (TCAC) and Low-Energy
Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) for WSNs.
ENERGY EFFICIENT DATA COMMUNICATION APPROACH IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijassn
Wireless sensor network has a vast variety of applications. The adoption of energy efficient cluster-based configuration has many untapped desirable benefits for the WSNs. The limitation of energy in a sensor node creates challenges for routing in WSNs. The research work presents the organized and detailed description of energy conservation method for WSNs. In the proposed method reclustering and multihop data transmission processes are utilized for data reporting to base station by sensor node. The accurate use of energy in WSNs is the main challenge for exploiting the network to the full extent. The main aim of the proposed method is that by evenly distributing the energy all over the sensor nodes and by reducing the total energy dissipation, the lifetime of the network is enhanced, so that the node will remain alive for longer times inside the cluster. The result shows that the proposed clustering approach has higher stable region and network life time than Topology-Controlled Adaptive Clustering (TCAC) and Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) for WSNs.
Analysis of different hierarchical routing protocols of wireless sensor networkeSAT Journals
Abstarct Wireless sensored network is nowadays very popular in the field of research because world is now switching faster from wired communication to the wireless communication. It is used in environment monitoring, habitat monitoring, battlefield etc. WSN is made up of tiny sensor nodes which senses the data and communicate to the base station via other nodes.WSN networks are data-centric rather than node centric. So, main issues in WSN networks are energy consumption of network, lifetime of a network, delay, latency, quality of service etc.WSN has defined many routing protocols for the network. The main challenge in WSN is to design a routing protocol which gives the maximum energy efficient routing because nodes in sensored network are equipped with the battery. So, as time passes the battery of nodes will decrease so in turn network lifetime will decreases. There are many routing protocols which are classified as their working and their application to different conditions. This paper describes a brief information about routing protocols. The main focus of this paper is to give the comparison of different hierarchical routing protocols. Keywords: Leach, Pegasis,Teen/Apteen, WSN
Analysis of different hierarchical routing protocols of wireless sensor networkeSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes and compares different hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and discusses common routing protocols like flooding, directed diffusion, and gradient-based routing. It then focuses on hierarchical protocols including LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN, and APTEEN. For each protocol, it describes the key ideas, features, advantages, and limitations. It provides figures to illustrate how the protocols work. Finally, it concludes there is still room for improvement in protocols like LEACH and discusses open issues for future research in improving routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks.
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Mh2521282131
1. V.Chandrasekaran, S.Anitha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue5, September- October 2012, pp.2128-2131
A Novel Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering in Wireless
Sensor Networks
V.Chandrasekaran*, S.Anitha**
*(Department of ECE, Velalar College of Engineering & Technology, Anna University, India)
** (Department of Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Anna University, India)
ABSTRACT
Under increased level of traffic, Hot spots emerge to nodes through inter-cluster links.
in a wireless sensor network. This leads to the
depletion of network resources and disrupts the
network operation completely. This scenario is
high in the case of clustering process as cluster
heads perform more data processing than other
sensor nodes. This increase in load on Cluster
Head (CH) varies with the distance to the sink.
To eliminate this problem, data aggregation can
be performed to reduce the processing and
transmission of information. This approach
works well in static environment but it is
complex and expensive in the case of dynamic
network. So the role of Cluster head is rotated
among the different nodes in the network, thus
balancing the load and conserves the important
resources. The size of the cluster based on the
distance or number of hops to the sink is also
taken into consideration. This paper focuses on Fig.1 Energy Consumption Model
distributed clustering with multi hop routing to
minimize the energy consumption, average end- Dynamic allocation of heavy traffic and
to-end delay and improving network lifetime other functions of CH to different nodes help to
compared LEACH. prevent failure of nodes in case of resource
depletion. In clustered environment, Hot-spots are
Keywords – Clustering, Cluster Head, Energy an important site to take into account as the data is
Efficiency, Wireless Sensor Networks. highly congested near to sink. So in distributed with
multi hop routing critical location must be
I. INTRODUCTION concentrated by transmitting the data through
With resource-constrained Wireless Sensor multiple high rate routes. Thus network lifetime is
Networks, effective use of these battery operated improved by reducing failures because of depletion
resources is a challenging task nowadays in the of energy.
developing IT field. Though many clustering Hot –spot is an important site where all
techniques like hierarchical exists, need is to find an data are collected. As the distance to sink decreases,
optimal energy-efficient clustering mechanism that the amount of traffic on the nodes exaggerates. This
uses the limited resources in an efficient manner. correlation is to be studied mathematically to build a
The cluster Head acts as the local controller balanced network. For this, route establishment,
in the scalable network for the process of data route maintenance and other procedures have to be
collection, data forwarding and performs taken into consideration to know about energy
aggregation functions. Each Cluster is formed based depletion of each node. In our proposed work, load
on the coherence between the set of nodes or having sharing, distributed, and energy-aware clustering
minimum distance between them. The one having with multi hop routing algorithm is used. Energy
the high processing power is chosen as the cluster efficient clustering determines the cluster sizes
head and it performs tasks like grouping, secrecy based on the number of hops to the sink node. After
and allocation of tasks. It also controls various choosing the cluster heads, this algorithm performs
events like failure recovery and node movements. the efficient clustering balancing both traffic and
Various functions such as load sharing, membership complexity. Performance is achieved with multi hop
abilities and inter-cluster establishment are assigned network design reducing overhead and improving
the network lifetime.
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2. V.Chandrasekaran, S.Anitha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue5, September- October 2012, pp.2128-2131
In the remainder of this paper, reviews of the related head among the whole set of candidates that are
works are briefly discussed on clustered network grouped under each cluster and associating node
and their drawbacks in Section II. Section III with the cluster head.
presents the distributed clustering with multi hop Probability measure is used to determine
routing algorithm and the calculation of its energy the candidates for each cluster head for different
consumption levels. Then, Section IV dealt with the clusters. Each node in the sensor network will
performance evaluation compared with LEACH. decide to become as the candidate. Normally scaled
Finally, Section V concludes the discussion. down value S for probability P K is chosen as the
ratio of initial energy Ei to the average initial energy
II. REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS of the network Eiavg. Pk=S (Ei / Eiavg) for a node k in
In WSNs, Clustering is an efficient region Rm. After the network parameters
technique to analyze and control the information in initialization, this probability value is calculated
the network. Of which heavy traffic on the cluster only once. Each node k selects a random value on
head is a critical concern. To balance the load, the interval 0 to 1 at the beginning of each data
Cluster Head is frequently rotated between different collection process. The node is selected as the CH
nodes in the network as indicated in LEACH. But it candidate when the node value is lesser than the
causes increase in transmission cost due to long calculated probability Pk. Thus each sensor node is
distance as all nodes transmits the information compared with the measure to elect as the
directly to the sink. Due to this, the nodes that are candidates for the CH. To obtain accurate measure,
far from the sink has high depletion rate than the residual energy can be used instead of initial energy
nodes nearer. For this problem, EECS selects less at the expense of increased message overhead or
number of nodes been far to sink. Even though complexity of the network. By this approach, the
energy depletion is not minimized due to single hop chance of being selected as the candidate is directly
transmissions and scalability is not assured for large proportional to the initial energy levels. Therefore
networks. In HEED , Cluster Head is selected based energy consumption is reduced by avoiding the
on the maximum energy it possesses and multi hop message overheads for broadcasting and additional
inter cluster communication is adopted, thus circuits for monitoring the status of each node.
reducing the transmission cost of longer distance. Each selected candidate sends the
With small cluster size, the traffic on individual broadcast packet indicating their residual energy to
cluster head is reduced distributing traffic among the candidates residing within the radius of r m which
different clusters near to sink. This approach too has is calculated from the clustering algorithm. On
issues like overhead due to more number of clusters receiving the broadcast packets, each candidate
and control packets used for inter cluster leaves the selection process if the higher residual
communication. This again results in heavy traffic energy is received compared to them. Thus the CH
than the original message traffic. Therefore, is chosen among the candidates.
considering the variability in traffic at different parts
of the network, an analytical discussion is to be 3.2 Cluster Formation
carried to remove the imbalance between inter and To have knowledge of the presence of CH
intra clustering energy utilization. In UCR and by all other non-CH nodes, announcement packet is
PEBECS , informing the formation of cluster transmitted by the node having high residual energy
throughout the network cause wastage in the energy within the radius αr m. Region-wide broadcast is
available and also limited to small networks. So done to confirm the reception of availability packets
there requires a need to develop an energy-efficient by all other non-CH nodes. This causes additional
clustering with multi hop routing protocol to reduce transmission cost. In order to avoid this, α is chosen
the control overheads and to eliminate broadcasting to have high probability of association between CH
to all the nodes in the network. This protocol is and its candidates. The number of CH nodes in each
designed in such a way to compromise between region can be modeled using poisson distribution is
distance from the cluster nodes to the sink and the given by exp (pmπα2r2m ) in region Rm . To have high
size of the clusters. association between the CH and non-CH nodes,
probability value is chosen as 99%.When multiplied
III. PROPOSED SCHEME with the distribution probability, minimum value of
In WSN, Energy efficient clustering with α is selected to reduce transmission cost.
multi hop routing is implemented in distributed After the gathering all the announcement
environment by data collection processes like packets from the all CH nodes by the candidate
energy level equalization, hop distance towards sink nodes, CH is chosen by candidates in each cluster
and certain tradeoffs as discussed above. based on the highest residual energy that CH
possess. Each cluster selects the CH which is nearest
3.1 Cluster Head Selection to it within the transmission range. This association
At the starting of the data collection happens by sending request and reply messages by
process, cluster is formed by electing the cluster candidates and CH nodes respectively.
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3. V.Chandrasekaran, S.Anitha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue5, September- October 2012, pp.2128-2131
There may be nodes which do not joined in any of
the clusters due to missing of announcement packets
at the end of the cluster formation stage. To have
association with the closest CH, the algorithm
extends the transmission range of those nodes to
recover from the node isolation problem. Among n
number of nodes in wireless sensor networks, for
selection of candidates’ nS messages are needed,
where S is the scaled down value of probability of
initial energy of the nodes in the network. For the
CH selection, totally K messages are needed, where
K is the number of CH sending the announcement
messages.
3.3 Inter-cluster routing in Distributed clustered
environment
The aim of the routing algorithm is to Fig.2 Comparison of Network Lifetime
minimize the message and circuit overheads
required for the selection of candidates, cluster
heads ,cluster formation and their association before
the actual message transmission begins and
compromise the energy wastage among the nodes in
the network or between the clusters.
To solve these issues, CH in region Rm
take its next hop to the sink through the nodes in
region Rm-1 The received nodes make reply based on
the timer it set. The timeout for replying is inversely
proportional to the residual energy of individual
nodes. Thus the node having highest residual energy
will timeout sooner sends the reply back to the CH
first. When hearing this reply packet, remaining
nodes resets its timer. By this, both overhead and
energy wastage is reduced.
IV. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
In this section, the performance of our
Fig.3 Average Residual Energy vs No. of Rounds
E2DC is compared with LEACH. The parameters of
simulations are listed in Tabel.1, and the parameters
of the radio model are the same as LEACH. V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we present a novel
Tabel.1 Simulation Parameters distributed, energy efficient clustering scheme
applied for periodical data gathering. E2DC
Parameters Value
produces a uniform distribution of cluster heads
Network Size 100m x 100m
across the network through localized
Number of Nodes 100
communication with little overhead. The results are
Initial energy 2J
better compared to LEACH. Simulation results
Eelec 50 nJ/bit
show that E2DC prolongs the network lifetime and
5 nJ
the total energy is efficiently consumed. All of our
EDA 25 bytes
contributions here are focused on the cluster set-up
stage. There are still much space to improve the
Packet size
performance of data transmission. In the large scale
sensor networks, multi-hop communication is a
mainstream technique for energy saving.
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