This work aims to demonstrate the process that triggered the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, demonstrating the performance of its main leaders and the ways in which the rulers of the time conducted this economic and political episode in Mexico.
I hope you like it, have a good read!
Tsar Nicholas II - IB History Higher Russia03iris10
Tsar Nicholas II - IB History Higher Russia
A fun, definitely not serious at all look at our bei Nicky's well successful(not) rule of Russia
WARNING: Contains expletives at times, but only in jest
Tsar Nicholas II - IB History Higher Russia03iris10
Tsar Nicholas II - IB History Higher Russia
A fun, definitely not serious at all look at our bei Nicky's well successful(not) rule of Russia
WARNING: Contains expletives at times, but only in jest
What prompted European countries to explore, claim and settle lands in the Southeast? (H1c, E1)
Who explored Georgia and where was the first settlement? (H1c)
This discussest the inter-war period for the United States, which we call ther Roaring 20s. It covers important social, political, and economic topics associated with the 1920s.
What prompted European countries to explore, claim and settle lands in the Southeast? (H1c, E1)
Who explored Georgia and where was the first settlement? (H1c)
This discussest the inter-war period for the United States, which we call ther Roaring 20s. It covers important social, political, and economic topics associated with the 1920s.
Os Federalistas - Alexander Hamilton, James Madison e John JayYury Fontão
“O Federalista”.
Esta obra foi desenvolvida em conjunto por três autores, Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), James Madison (1751-1836) e John Jay (1745-1829). “O Federalista” tinha um desafio teórico de explicar a nova constituição e ao mesmo tempo refutar as principais objeções de seus adversários, e é aqui que ocorre um rompimento com o passado filosófico político representado pelas obras que se iniciam em Maquiavel, passando por Montesquieu e culminando com Rousseau. O desafio dos federalistas era desmentir os dogmas arraigados de uma longa tradição política. Foi aqui que pela primeira vez a teorização sobre os governos populares deixava de se mirar nos exemplos da antiguidade, iniciando-se assim, sua teorização eminentemente moderna.
Apresentado na disciplina de Ciência Política no curso de Ciências Sociais na Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM).
В 1994 году Мексика пережила серьезный экономический кризис, падение акций Мексиканской фондовой биржи и другие факторы, которые способствовали тому, что стало известно как эффект текилы.
Презентация данной темы проводилась в курсе Международных отношений по дисциплине Международная финансовая система.
In 1994, Mexico suffered a serious economic crisis, a fall in the shares of the Mexican Stock Exchange, and other factors that contributed to what became known as the Tequila Effect.
The presentation of this theme was carried out in the course of International Relations in the discipline of International Financial System.
Em 1994 o México sofre uma grave crise econômica, queda nas ações da Bolsa de Valores Mexicanas, e demais fatores que corroboraram para o que ficou conhecido como Efeito Tequila.
A apresentação desse tema foi realizado no curso de Relações Internacionais na disciplina de Sistema Financeiro Internacional.
КИТАЙ: Рост экспорта Китая с 1993 по 2003 годYury Fontão
Эта научная статья была разработана и представлена мной в качестве работы по завершению курса (TCC) для моего утверждения и последующего получения степени бакалавра международных отношений Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE | Лауреат международных университетов под руководством профессора доктора Фабианы Лусены Оливейры.
В настоящее время СМИ постоянно говорят о Китайской Народной Республике, однако объяснить, как Китай стал 2-й по величине экономикой в мире с 30-летним планированием, задача не из легких, поэтому в этой статье в очень кратком изложении и я бы даже сказал поверхностный, я хотел представить панораму: историческую, культурную и экономическую в свете международных и торговых отношений этой страны в значительный период истории того, что мы знаем сегодня как Китай сегодня, который начинается в 1993 г. и консолидируется с 2003 г.
Эта же статья была недавно опубликована редакционной коллегией Журнала амазонских исследований — SOMANLU — Федерального университета Амазонаса (UFAM).
Если вы хотите прочитать его полностью, перейдите по ссылке: https://periodicos.ufam.edu.br/index.php/somanlu/article/view/7742/5431.
Всем приятного чтения!
CHINA: The growth of China's exports from 1993 to 2003Yury Fontão
This scientific article was developed and presented by me as a Course Completion Work (TCC) for my approval and consequent obtaining of the degree of Bachelor in International Relations by Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE | Laureate International Universities under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Fabiana Lucena Oliveira.
Currently, talking about the People's Republic of China is something constantly done by the media, however, explaining how China became the 2nd largest economy in the world with a 30-year planning is not an easy task, so in this article in a very summarized and I would even say superficial, I wanted to bring a panorama: historical, cultural and economic in the light of the international and commercial relations of this country during a significant period of the history of what we know today as China today, which begins in 1993 and has its consolidation from from 2003.
This same article was recently published by the editorial board in the Journal of Amazonian Studies - SOMANLU - of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM).
If you want to read it in full, access: https://periodicos.ufam.edu.br/index.php/somanlu/article/view/7742/5431
Happy reading to all!
CHINA: O crescimento das exportações da China entre os anos de 1993 a 2003Yury Fontão
O presente artigo científico foi desenvolvido e apresentado por mim como Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) para minha aprovação e consequente obtenção do título de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais pelo Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE | Laureate International Universities com orientação da Profª Draª Fabiana Lucena Oliveira.
Atualmente, falar sobre a República Popular da China é algo constantemente feito pelos meios de comunicação, porém, explicar como a China tornou-se a 2ª maior economia mundial com um planejamento de 30 anos, não é tarefa fácil, então nesse artigo de forma bem resumida e diria até superficial, quis trazer um panorama: histórico, cultural e econômico a luz das relações internacionais e comerciais desse país durante um período significativo da história do que hoje conhecemos como a China atual, que começa em 1993 e tem sua consolidação a partir de 2003.
Recentemente este mesmo artigo foi publicado pelo corpo editorial na Revista de Estudos Amazônicos - SOMANLU - da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM).
Caso queiram ler ele na íntegra acessem: https://periodicos.ufam.edu.br/index.php/somanlu/article/view/7742/5431
Boa leitura a todos e a todas!
ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА РОССИИ: Новая концепция внешней политики России, утвержденна...Yury Fontão
Здравствуйте, меня зовут Юрий Фонтао Виейра, и эта презентация является результатом небольшой письменной работы, которую я выполнил для получения звания Специалиста по международным отношениям.
Указом Президента Российской Федерации Владимира Путина, опубликованным в 2016 году, я решил написать эту работу как способ разъяснения внешней политики России на основе его концепции.
Несмотря на ошибки при переводе с португальского на русский, в своем письме я посвящаю эту работу народу России и всем интересующимся рассматриваемой тематикой, надеюсь, вам понравится, а если что-то не понравится, пожалуйста, напишите , не стесняйтесь высказывать свое мнение.
Если вы хотите прочитать мою письменную работу полностью, свяжитесь со мной в LinkedIn.
Желаю всем хорошего чтения!
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY: New concept of Russian foreign policy, approved by th...Yury Fontão
Hello, I'm Yury Fontão Vieira, and this presentation is the result of a small form of written work, which I did to obtain the title of Specialist in International Relations.
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, published in 2016, I decided to write this work as a way of explaining Russian foreign policy based on his concept.
Despite the errors when translating from Portuguese to Russian, in my writing I dedicate this work to the people of Russia and to others interested in the subject in question, I hope you like it, and if you don't like something, please please write, feel free to express your opinion.
If you want to read my full written work, contact me on LinkedIn.
I wish you all a good reading!
POLÍTICA EXTERNA DA RÚSSIA: Novo conceito de política externa russa, aprovado...Yury Fontão
Olá, eu sou Yury Fontão Vieira, e esta apresentação é o resultado de uma pequena forma de trabalho escrito, que eu fiz para obter o título de Especialista em Relações Internacionais.
Por decreto do presidente da Federação Russa, Vladimir Putin, publicado em 2016, decidi escrever este trabalho como uma forma de explicar a política externa russa com base em seu conceito.
Apesar dos erros ao traduzir do português para o russo, na minha escrita eu dedico esse trabalho ao povo da Rússia e aos demais interessado(a)s no tema em questão, espero que vocês gostem, e se você não gostar de alguma coisa, por favor escreva, sinta-se à vontade para expressar sua opinião.
Se você quiser ler o meu trabalho completo por escrito, entre em contato comigo pelo LinkedIn
Desejo uma boa leitura à todo(a)s!
Теории Pегиональной Интеграции - Концептуальная КартаYury Fontão
Эта концептуальная карта была разработана на индивидуальной основе на основе магистерской диссертации по теории региональной интеграции. его цель состояла в том, чтобы выделить ключевые моменты диссертации и представить ее теме региональной интеграции.
Theories of Regional Integration (Concept Map)Yury Fontão
This conceptual map was prepared individually based on a Master's dissertation on Theories of Regional Integration. His objective was to highlight the key points of the dissertation and present it in the discipline of Regional Integration.
Teorias da Integração Regional (Mapa Conceitual)Yury Fontão
Este mapa conceitual foi elaborado de forma individual com base em uma dissertação de Mestrado a cerca das Teorias da Integração Regional. O objetivo dele foi o destacar os pontos chaves da dissertação e apresentá-lo na disciplina de Integração Regional.
Эта работа направлена на демонстрацию процесса, который спровоцировал мексиканскую революцию с 1910 по 1920 год, демонстрации действий ее основных лидеров и способов, которыми правители того времени вели этот экономический и политический эпизод в Мексике.
Надеюсь, вам понравится, прочтите внимательно!
Este trabalho visa demonstrar o processo que desencadeou a Revolução Mexicana decorrida entre os anos de 1910 a 1920, demonstrando a atuação de seus principais líderes e as formas na qual os governantes da época conduziram este episódio econômico e político no México.
Espero que gostem, boa leitura!
Работа была представлена по дисциплине в ходе
Международные отношения с целью продемонстрировать основных мыслителей и богословских течений, лежащих в основе христианского фундаментализма в Соединенных Штатах Америки.
Надеюсь, вам понравится, всем доброго чтения!
God save me! The North American Christian FundamentalismYury Fontão
The work was presented in a discipline in the course of
International Relations, aiming to demonstrate the main thinkers and theological currents that underlie Christian Fundamentalism in the United States of America.
I hope you like it, good reading everyone!
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
3. The presentation of this theme was carried out
in a group in the course of International
Relations in Latin America in the course of
International Relations, in which there was a
division of themes and we were responsible for
representing this subject that deals with the
Mexican Revolution that took place in the
period from 1910 to 1920.
PRESENTATION
4. PRESENTATION
This topic was presented to the
International Relations course by:
Ana Beatriz Melo
Gabriella D’Arcanchy
Marjorye Beltrão
Yury Fontão
5. ROAD MAP
I. History of the Revolution
II. Characteristics of the
Revolution
III.Government
IV.Geopolitics
Sources
6. I. History of the Revolution
The Revolution started in 1910 was a great
popular movement, anti-landlord and anti-
imperialist, which was responsible for
important transformations in Mexico,
despite the supremacy of the bourgeoisie
over state institutions.
It is noteworthy that the Revolution has
its most consistent origin from the
dictatorial period of Porfírio Díaz (1876-
1911).
7. I. History of the Revolution
PORFÍRIO DÍAZ
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican military
and politician, President of the Republic in three
political periods.
FRANCISCO I. MADERO
Francisco Ignacio Madero González was a Mexican
revolutionary, writer and statesman who served as Mexico's
37th president from 1911 until shortly before his
assassination in 1913. A wealthy landowner, he nevertheless
became an advocate of social justice and democracy .
8. Pascual Orozco Vázquez was a Mexican revolutionary leader
who, after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution, rebelled
against Francisco I. Madero and recognized the coup d'état
led by Victoriano Huerta and the government that resulted
from it.
I. History of the Revolution
PASCUAL OROZCO VÁZQUEZ
EMILIANO ZAPATA
Emiliano Zapata Salazar was an important leader in the so-
called Mexican Revolution of 1910 against the dictatorship
of Porfirio Díaz, being considered one of the Mexican
national heroes. He was known as the Warlord of the South.
9. José Victoriano Huerta Márquez was a Mexican engineer and
military, president of Mexico between 1913 and 1914 as a
result of a coup d'état, already in the context of the
Mexican Revolution.
I. History of the Revolution
GENERAL VICTORIANO HUERTA
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA
Venustiano Carranza Garza, was one of the leaders of the
Mexican Revolution. He would eventually become president of
Mexico and it was during his tenure that Mexico's current
constitution came into effect.
10. Álvaro Obregón Salido was president of Mexico between 1920
and 1924. Born in Hacienda de Siquisiva, in Navojoa,
Sonora, he began his political career as president of the
municipality of Huatabampo. At this point, he supported
President Francisco Madero against an uprising led by
Pascual Orozco.
I. History of the Revolution
ÁLVARO OBREGÓN
PANCHO VILLA
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula, best known by his pseudonym
Francisco Villa and by the hypocoristic Pancho Villa, was
one of the best known generals and commanders of the Mexican
Revolution.
11. THE PORPHYRIATO
The period from 1876 to 1911 was characterized by the dictatorship
of Porfírio Diaz, responsible for the development of Mexican
capitalism, supported by the inflow of foreign capital and companies
and by an anti-popular policy.
I.Decolonization;
II.Power in the hands of the oliquarchic elites of Spanish origin;
III.Large merchants and landowners;
IV.Fraud, corruption and social injustices (Indians and mestizos);
V.Modernization and capitalism at the service of elites.
I. History of the Revolution
12. The main events of the Mexican Revolution were the demand for
agrarian reform and the manifestation of peasants who requested a
return to their culture, that is, the search for and appreciation of
indigenous culture. During the 1920s and 1930s, Mexico became the
heart of art on the American continent.
Socialists;
Liberals;
Anarchists;
Populists;
And in favor of the agrarian movement.
II. Characteristics of the Revolution
13. III. Government
AYALA PLAN
John Womack, historian of the Mexican Revolution, called the
Ayala Plan the "Holy Scripture" of the Zapatistas. Written by
Emiliano Zapata and Otilio Montaño and signed on November 25,
1911, the plan was proclaimed in Ayala, Morelos, on November
28 of the same year. It became the outline of the Zapatista
rebellion after its break with the initiator of the Mexican
Revolution, Francisco I. Madero.
14. III. Government
AYALA PLAN
In addition to condemning the "treason" of the more
conciliatory Madero, the Plan of Ayala presents the demands of
the Zapatista agrarian rebellion: restitution of land taken
from villages during the Porfiriato, in addition to the
agrarian redistribution of larger haciendas, with
compensation. Zapatista peasants established in the southern
state of Morelos, claimed these rights by force of arms,
continuing the rebellion started, but not ended, by Madero.
15. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
"Parallel to the growth of the peasant forces commanded by
Villa and his generals, the revolutionary forces that would
support the arrival of Venustiano Carranza to the first
political post in the country began to be generated". (MEDINA,
2008, p. 102).
16. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
The constitutionalists were a group that emerged in 1910 in an
attempt to depose then-president Porfírio Díaz or beat him in that
year's elections. The movement intended to retake the Constitution
of 1856, but later aimed at creating a new constitution, something
that would take place in 1917. The constitutionalists, as they were
called, having as their main leader the businessman and politician
Venustiano Carranza (1860-1920), who brought together the
revolutionary leaders of the North in 1913 to attack Huerta who had
deposed President Madero and then assassinated him, to usurp power.
17. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
At that time, Carranza was the governor of Coahuila, the state
in which he was born, had great prestige and influence in the
region, and used his power to attack the usurper and new
dictator Huerta. On March 26, meeting on his farm called
Guadalupe, Carranza proposed the Plan of Guadalupe, which had
the mission of taking the country's capital, forcing Huerta to
resign the presidency, hold new presidential elections and
maintain fidelity to the Constitution of 1856.
18. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
Thus, Carranza gained several allies to his cause, which
became known as the Constitutionalist Movement, which would
mark the second part of the Mexican Revolution. Generals
Álvaro Obregón, Felipe Ángeles, Adolfo de la Huerta, Pablo
González Garza, Pancho Villa, among others, joined the cause
initiated by Carranza.
19. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
In 1910, presidential elections took place and again Porfírio
Díaz ran for re-election. Although he ruled for over thirty
years as a dictator, Díaz did not abolish the suffrage system,
although he could be re-elected indefinitely and always won
fraudulent elections, not only in the presidential sphere but in
all others, as Díaz manipulated them to by his chosen ones in
office. Interestingly, in 1908, Díaz said that he would not be
re-elected in 1910 as he was tired and it was time to relinquish
power.
20. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
"In February 1908, Díaz had granted an interview to a well-
known American special correspondent, James Creelman, who had
been sent to Mexico by the popular American monthly magazine
Pearson's Magazine. term expired, in 1910, and that he would
not exercise it again even if his friends begged him to do
so". (WOMACK JR, 1988, p. 18-19).
21. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
Madero was detained in the city of Potosí by forces supporting
Díaz. There he learned of the results of the elections, Díaz
had been re-elected with the majority of the votes, so Madero
did not give up on the fight and decided to go into direct
confrontation. On October 5, he formalized the Plan of San
Luis de Potosí, in which he invited the entire population to
take up arms on November 20, starting at 6 pm, in an attempt
to overthrow the then dictator.
22. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
The Aguascalientes Convention was a meeting that took place during the
Mexican Revolution, convened on October 1, 1914 by Venustiano Carranza,
First Chief of the Constitutionalist Army, under the name of Gran
Convención de Jefes Militares con mando de fuerzas e Gobernadores de los
Estados (Great Convention of Military Chiefs with command of forces and
State Governors) and whose initial sessions took place in the Chamber of
Deputies in Mexico City, being later moved to Aguascalientes, city that
gave its name to the convention itself, which took place between October 10
and November 9, 1914. The Zapatistas did not participate in the convention
until October 26, when they staged the so-called Flag Incident, which
nearly cost the life of one of their delegates.
23. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
General Victoriano Huerta, faced with the impulse of the
revolutionary movement, presented his resignation from the Mexican
presidency in July 1914, leaving the country. Carranza intended to
discuss the political program and the affairs of government with the
other revolutionary leaders, and, as he had promised, he presented
his resignation as army chief and withdrew from the meeting. Faced
with the insistence of Emiliano Zapata's representatives, who did not
recognize Carranza's authority, and Francisco Villa's refusal to
appear in Mexico City, it was decided to transfer the convention to
Aguascalientes.
24. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
From the beginning, the assembly was dominated by the Villist elements,
who imposed their views on those of the other delegates. Declaring itself
sovereign, the assembly elected General Eulalio Gutiérrez as President of
the Republic and named Villa head of the conventionalist army, which
shortly afterwards would confront the Constitutionalist army of Carranza.
As Villa and Zapata, now reconciled, entered Mexico City on December 6
with an army of 60,000 men, Carranza and his supporters moved to
Veracruz.
25. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
La Decena Trágica, which took place from February 9 to 18,
1913, is the name by which the military coup led by Victoriano
Huerta is known for overthrowing the then president of Mexico,
Francisco I. Madero. It is a period that marked the history of
Mexico, and also one of the most impressive political
betrayals in the history of our governments.
26. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
When Madero took over the presidency in 1911, he decided to preserve
some of the policies of the Porfirio Diaz government and maintain
relations with people close to the former president. One reason for
this was that Madero was trying to maintain the relative political
and economic stability that the Diaz government had achieved, thanks
in part to investments from foreign countries. He also preserved the
Porphyrian army. These measures won the then-president many political
enemies, who felt that his decisions reflected a lack of empathy with
the country's marginalized classes.
27. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
The revolt began when Generals Manuel Mondragón and Gregorio Ruiz rose
in arms in the early hours of February 9, in front of a group of cadets
from the Escola Militar de Aspirantes de Tlalpan and the group from
Barracas de Tacubaya. Its first objective was the National Palace,
where Madero and Secretary of War, Ángel García Peña; That same day
they released Generals Bernardo Reyes and Felix Diaz, who were on the
side of the coup. However, thanks to supporters of Madero's government,
the president and Garcia Peña were able to free themselves from this
first attempt at captivity.
28. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
After days of clashes and the resignation of Madero and Vice President
José María Pino Suárez, General Lauro Villar, who was in charge of
protecting the Government Palace, was wounded and Madero placed the
Victoriano Huerta army in his place as head of O Federal Army. On
February 17, the day before Decena concluded, Gustavo A. Madero (the
president's brother) discovered that Huerta secretly agreed with his
opponents and betrayed him. Huerta denied everything to the president,
who believed him and released him. This was perhaps the most costly
mistake made by Francisco I. Madero.
29. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The US occupation of Veracruz lasted six months, in response to the
Tampico incident on April 9, 1914, which provided a pretext for the US
government to increase its resentment of the government of Victoriano
Huerta. It began with the capture of the port on April 21, 1914 and
ended with the departure of foreign troops on November 23 of the same
year. The incident took place amidst poor US diplomatic relations with
Mexico as a result of the Mexican Revolution.
30. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The Second American intervention was triggered by a deterioration of
diplomatic relations between both countries, and the beginning of a new
phase of the Mexican Revolution, in which a faction opposed the
government of Victoriano Huerta after his coup. Huerta, who had risen
to power through the so-called Embassy pact with Henry Lane Wilson,
tried to talk at all costs of the many factions opposed to his rule.
31. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
With the arrival of Woodrow Wilson, who became President of the United
States, the agreed treaty was not recognized, and the former ambassador
withdrew from Andalusia did not recognize the Huertist government;
legitimizing the rebel movement. This fact led diplomatic relations
with the country into crisis, in addition to the Tampico incident and
the Ypiranga incident that triggered the intervention.
32. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The US landed in Vera Cruz with 44 boats and no warning or declaration of
war for the Mexican government. The attack began in the port on April 21,
1914, occupying the most important buildings. The troops of the military
commander of the square, General Gustavo Massa, were removed by order of
Huerta. Despite this, an integrated defense system for ninety Cadets from
the Escola Naval Militar, with 100 soldiers from the 19th battalion and
volunteer civilians. It lasted until November until General Heriberto
Jara's constitutionalist forces reconquered the city.