Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) compare an individual's performance on specific job dimensions to examples of behaviors anchored to numerical ratings. These behavioral examples are collected using Critical Incident Techniques which document significant human behaviors. BARS were originally developed to reduce subjectivity in basic rating scales, though they remain subject to some unreliability and bias. The development of BARS involves identifying critical incidents, grouping them into performance dimensions, having experts validate and rate the incidents, and using the validated incidents as anchors for rating scales.

2. Behaviourally Anchored Rating
Scales (BARS) are designed to bring the
benefits of both qualitative and
quantitative data to the employee
appraisal process. BARS compare an
individual’s performance against specific
examples of behaviour that are anchored
to numerical ratings.

3. The behavioural examples used as anchor
points are often collected using Critical
Incident Techniques (CIT), which are
procedures used for documenting human
behaviour that have significance in a
particular area.

4. BARS was originally developed to counteract
the perceived subjectivity in using basic
ratings scales to judge performance,
although BARS is still subject to criticism. It is
often accused of being subject to unreliability
and leniency error.

5. Smith & Kendall developed the original
behaviorally anchored rating scales. These
scales are a combination critical incidents &
rating scales. BARS are also known as
behavioral expectation scales.
The development of BARS involves the
following steps:

6. Step 1:Step 1: The supervisors prepare a list of
critical incidents.
Step 2:Step 2: The supervisors then group critical
incidents in to small clusters of
performance dimensions such as job
knowledge, leadership etc. thus there are
number of performance dimensions
(usually 5 to 10), each having a number of
critical incidents.

7. Step 3:Step 3: In this step a group of experts are called. The
experts are presented with the critical incidents
prepared in step one. Their task is to reassign or
classify the critical incidents in to the same
performance dimensions.
The critical incidents that are reassigned by the
majority of experts in the same dimensions as that by
the supervisors (in step 2) are retained. While those
critical incidents about which there is confusion about
the dimension to which they belong is discarded.
The objective of this task is to be certain that the
critical incidents truly represent performance
dimensions under considerations.

8. Step 4:Step 4: The experts then rate of the
“surviving” critical incidents on a scale (of 7
to 9 points) as to how well they represent
performance on the given dimension. Those
critical incidents for which there is high rater
agreement are retained. Those incidents for
which there is a low rater agreement are
discarded.

9. Step 5:Step 5: the final form of BARS consists of
critical incidents that are survived step 3 & 4.
These incidents serve as behavioral anchors
for the performance dimension scales. Thus
the BARS instrument consists of a series of
scales (one for each dimension) anchored by
the critical incidents.

10.  The ratings are likely to be accurate as it is
done by experts.
BARS are more reliable & valid as it is job
specific & identifies observable & measurable
behaviour.
The use of critical incidents is useful in
providing feedback to the employee being
rated.

11.  The development of BARS is time-
consuming.
BARS are job specific. A different
behaviorally anchored rating scale has to
be developed for every job.

12. Behaviorally-Anchored Rating Scale for Customer Service Skills