This report is to explain some key commands within Meterpreter that allow you to have some sort of situational awareness. That is, how to gain more insight into system information, the user you currently are and what processes are running among other things.
The document provides information about forensic tools ClamTK antivirus and pdfcrack that are included in the DEFT forensic tools operating system. It includes an introduction, installation instructions for DEFT, information about installing and using ClamTK antivirus to scan for viruses, and details on the pdfcrack tool which can recover passwords and content from password protected PDF files. The document was submitted by Vishnu Pratap Singh to their professor Dr. Rupesh Kumar Dewang as part of a project on forensic tools in the M.Tech Information Security program at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad.
This document provides instructions on basic commands in Linux and Windows operating systems. It begins with licensing information and an introduction stating the objectives are to learn basic commands that will be used in exercises. Sections are included on requirements and setup, system operations in Windows and Linux, and exercises for both platforms. The Windows section describes how to open a command prompt and provides details on common commands and networking tools like ipconfig, ping and tracert. The Linux section similarly discusses how to open a console window and provides command and tool details. A table compares basic command equivalences between Linux and Windows.
This document discusses email security. It describes how email works using POP and SMTP servers and protocols. It outlines some security risks of receiving email like spam, phishing, and email-borne malware in attachments. It advises treating email like postcards that can be read by anyone, and not putting private information in unencrypted emails. It also warns about forged email headers that make emails appear to come from someone else.
Armitage developed by Raphael mudge a gui format for metasploit framework for pentesr and security researcher,here u can manage as also prevent the cyber attack.this project means for educational purpose only.do not use as crime
This document provides information about system identification. It discusses identifying servers through domain ownership lookups and IP addresses. It also covers identifying services running on a system using ping, traceroute, banner grabbing, and port scanning tools like netstat and nmap. The document provides examples of using these techniques to fingerprint and profile remote systems on a network.
The document summarizes analysis of the Backoff point-of-sale malware. It describes how Backoff infects systems by installing itself as a hidden file and adding registry keys to run on startup. It then uses keylogging and memory scraping to harvest track 1 and 2 data from payment card magnetic strips. This data is sent to a command and control server via HTTP requests every 45 seconds along with system information. The keylogger records data from keyboards with integrated card readers, making it a more effective method than memory scraping alone.
The document provides an overview of web security and privacy. It discusses how the web works, including DNS lookups and caching of pages on the local device. It also covers rattling locks to gather server information, and using tools like Nikto to automatically scan for vulnerabilities. Web servers need to be secured to prevent unauthorized access to data, while also protecting client privacy on the web.
This document provides guidance on maintaining a personal computer through regular tasks like running antivirus software updates, Windows updates, disk cleanup, disk defragmentation, and proper battery maintenance. It recommends configuring and updating McAfee antivirus, performing disk cleanup to remove temporary files, running disk defragmenter monthly to optimize hard drive performance, and conditioning laptop batteries by fully discharging and charging them. Maintaining a computer through these routine tasks helps ensure overall system speed, stability, and battery life.
The document provides information about forensic tools ClamTK antivirus and pdfcrack that are included in the DEFT forensic tools operating system. It includes an introduction, installation instructions for DEFT, information about installing and using ClamTK antivirus to scan for viruses, and details on the pdfcrack tool which can recover passwords and content from password protected PDF files. The document was submitted by Vishnu Pratap Singh to their professor Dr. Rupesh Kumar Dewang as part of a project on forensic tools in the M.Tech Information Security program at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad.
This document provides instructions on basic commands in Linux and Windows operating systems. It begins with licensing information and an introduction stating the objectives are to learn basic commands that will be used in exercises. Sections are included on requirements and setup, system operations in Windows and Linux, and exercises for both platforms. The Windows section describes how to open a command prompt and provides details on common commands and networking tools like ipconfig, ping and tracert. The Linux section similarly discusses how to open a console window and provides command and tool details. A table compares basic command equivalences between Linux and Windows.
This document discusses email security. It describes how email works using POP and SMTP servers and protocols. It outlines some security risks of receiving email like spam, phishing, and email-borne malware in attachments. It advises treating email like postcards that can be read by anyone, and not putting private information in unencrypted emails. It also warns about forged email headers that make emails appear to come from someone else.
Armitage developed by Raphael mudge a gui format for metasploit framework for pentesr and security researcher,here u can manage as also prevent the cyber attack.this project means for educational purpose only.do not use as crime
This document provides information about system identification. It discusses identifying servers through domain ownership lookups and IP addresses. It also covers identifying services running on a system using ping, traceroute, banner grabbing, and port scanning tools like netstat and nmap. The document provides examples of using these techniques to fingerprint and profile remote systems on a network.
The document summarizes analysis of the Backoff point-of-sale malware. It describes how Backoff infects systems by installing itself as a hidden file and adding registry keys to run on startup. It then uses keylogging and memory scraping to harvest track 1 and 2 data from payment card magnetic strips. This data is sent to a command and control server via HTTP requests every 45 seconds along with system information. The keylogger records data from keyboards with integrated card readers, making it a more effective method than memory scraping alone.
The document provides an overview of web security and privacy. It discusses how the web works, including DNS lookups and caching of pages on the local device. It also covers rattling locks to gather server information, and using tools like Nikto to automatically scan for vulnerabilities. Web servers need to be secured to prevent unauthorized access to data, while also protecting client privacy on the web.
This document provides guidance on maintaining a personal computer through regular tasks like running antivirus software updates, Windows updates, disk cleanup, disk defragmentation, and proper battery maintenance. It recommends configuring and updating McAfee antivirus, performing disk cleanup to remove temporary files, running disk defragmenter monthly to optimize hard drive performance, and conditioning laptop batteries by fully discharging and charging them. Maintaining a computer through these routine tasks helps ensure overall system speed, stability, and battery life.
Checking Windows for signs of compromiseCal Bryant
This document provides guidance on investigating compromised Microsoft Windows systems to identify how the system was compromised and what malware or unauthorized programs may be present. It outlines various locations in the file system, registry, services, and network settings where intruders commonly hide malware. Tools recommended for examining the system include using cmd.exe to view file timestamps, searching hidden folders and alternate data streams, and using Google to research any suspicious programs found. The document advises that while antivirus software can detect some threats, a fresh reinstall of the operating system is typically the most reliable way to restore a compromised system.
This document provides an overview of Tripwire, an open source intrusion detection software tool. It monitors key files and system attributes to detect changes from an established baseline. The summary is:
Tripwire monitors files and system attributes to detect unauthorized changes from a baseline. It works by creating a database of file attributes when first installed. It then regularly checks for changes and reports any differences found. System administrators can use reports from Tripwire to determine if changes were legitimate or require investigation.
This document provides an overview of Tripwire, an open source intrusion detection software tool. It monitors key files and system attributes to detect changes from an established baseline. The summary is:
Tripwire monitors files and system attributes to detect unauthorized changes from a baseline. It works by creating a database of file attributes when first installed. It then regularly checks for changes and reports any differences found. System administrators can use reports to determine if changes were legitimate or require further action to restore system integrity. Tripwire provides host-based intrusion detection across networks and can help secure servers and other systems.
The document discusses the limitations of being PCI DSS compliant and argues that true security requires going beyond basic compliance. It notes that compensating controls allow organizations to not fully meet requirements, and questions whether organizations with privileged user access, unencrypted data, and incomplete monitoring can truly detect or prevent unauthorized access. The document advocates for encryption of cardholder data and comprehensive monitoring to protect against insider threats.
You may be compliant, but are you really secure?Thomas Burg
Presented by Greg Swedosh from Knightcraft Technology (www.knightcraft.com) at NonStop Bootcamp 2014.
This presentation explains why being PCI compliant does *not* equal being secure. While this is a general statement, the presentation does focus on the HP NonStop platform.
Excerpt from a summary slide:
Without a strong commitment to security by the executive team, being compliant only provides a false sense of security.
It often just becomes about ticking boxes and “filling gaps”.
Where there is no serious commitment to security, an organization will always be significantly more vulnerable.
Operating System Structure Of A Single Large Executable...Jennifer Lopez
The document discusses emerging developments in clinical decision support systems, noting that these systems are gaining recognition due to their ability to improve healthcare quality and safety by providing tailored patient information and recommendations to clinicians. It outlines some of the challenges in knowledge representation for clinical decision support systems, including the need to represent complex clinical knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertainties and probabilities. Emerging areas being explored include the use of artificial intelligence techniques like deep learning and natural language processing to advance clinical decision support.
OWASP top 10 - 2021 - Tryhackme cyber securit trainingpodimenk
This document discusses various cyber security training exercises on the Tryhackme platform. It provides examples of challenges that teach users about vulnerabilities like command injection, password reset flaws, outdated systems, authentication weaknesses, and tampering with JSON web tokens. The goal is to help users identify security issues by allowing them to execute exploits and analyze logs to understand attacks and improve defenses.
Hacking involves exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems or networks to gain unauthorized access. There are different types of hackers, including white hat hackers who perform ethical hacking to test security, black hat hackers who perform hacking with malicious intent, and grey hat hackers who may sometimes hack ethically and sometimes not. Ethical hacking involves testing one's own systems for vulnerabilities without causing harm. Vulnerability assessments and penetration tests are common ethical hacking techniques that involve scanning for vulnerabilities and attempting to exploit them in a controlled way. Popular tools used for ethical hacking include Kali Linux, Nmap, Metasploit, and John the Ripper.
The document provides details on the Backoff malware including:
- It infects point of sale systems to steal credit card data which is sent to a command and control server.
- Keylogging and memory scraping are used to harvest track 1 and 2 data from cards.
- The C&C infrastructure uses proxies and authentication to hide the real server location and survives takedowns.
- Analysis of version timestamps suggests the malware operator does development late at night.
This document proposes a new methodology for web application testing that involves testing a system administrator's ability to detect an attack. It suggests conducting a staged test with increasing levels of noise or detection to see when the admin is able to identify an attack. The document also provides examples of how attackers hide connections and clear logs to avoid detection by discussing typical behaviors checked by incident response teams. The goal is to test both the security of the application and the security of the admin's knowledge to help admins learn new ways that attacks can be hidden and to improve security overall.
The document discusses using a Teensy microcontroller device to create payloads for penetration testing. It provides an overview of the Teensy, examples of how it has been used in previous penetration tests, and introduces Kautilya, a Ruby-based toolkit that aims to make Teensy more useful for penetration testers by providing pre-built payloads that can be selected and customized. The payloads discussed are mostly for Windows systems and focus on techniques like installing backdoors, modifying system settings, downloading files from pastebins, and collecting information from victims. Limitations and areas for future improvement are also mentioned.
Monitoring What Matters: The Prometheus Approach to Whitebox Monitoring (Berl...Brian Brazil
Prometheus is an open-source monitoring system that allows for whitebox monitoring through metrics collected from inside systems and applications. It provides the ability to alert on high-level symptoms, debug issues through customizable dashboards, and perform complex queries across metrics. Prometheus empowers building monitoring that matters through alerting on important business metrics, gaining insight via dashboards, and integrating with other systems via open interfaces.
This was a workshop I conducted at Black Hat Europe'12. The workshop explains how to program a USB HID, Teensy++ in this case, for usage in offensive security.
Ncsc security architecture anti patterns white paperAhmedHany Sayed
This document describes 6 common security architecture anti-patterns:
1. 'Browse-up' administration where less trusted devices are used to manage more trusted systems.
2. Management bypass where layered defenses in the data plane do not extend to the management plane.
3. Back-to-back firewalls where the same controls are implemented redundantly without benefit.
4. Building an 'on-prem' solution in the cloud without leveraging cloud-native services.
5. Uncontrolled third party access without constraints or monitoring of remote access.
6. Unpatchable systems that cannot easily apply security updates.
The document discusses the Meterpreter payload and its advantages over traditional command shells. Meterpreter runs by injecting itself into vulnerable processes, allowing it to avoid detection. It has a full command shell and extensions that allow flexible post-exploitation activities like privilege escalation and maintaining stealth. Meterpreter commands demonstrated include keylogging, packet sniffing, and modifying file timestamps to evade forensic analysis.
The document discusses systems integration and single sign-on (SSO). It describes using a centralized authentication service (CAS) to allow users to sign in once and access multiple applications without re-entering credentials. CAS uses ticket-granting tickets stored in cookies to authenticate users and service tickets to share authentication information with other applications. The document also outlines plans to build a sample SSO client and server application to demonstrate SSO concepts.
This document provides information about computer hacking tools and skills. It discusses hacking tools like SQLI Helper, Dark Port Scanner, Sonic Bat virus creator, Brutus password cracker, and IP Tools. It also mentions Cain and Abel password recovery tool. The document outlines essential hacking skills like network packet sniffing, password hash cracking, rainbow tables, and cryptanalysis attacks. It emphasizes the wide IT knowledge required to become a skilled hacker, including fundamentals like networking, operating systems, and programming.
Metasploit is an open source penetration testing framework that contains tools for scanning systems to identify vulnerabilities, exploits to take advantage of vulnerabilities, and payloads to control systems after exploitation. It provides a simple interface for security professionals to simulate attacks while testing systems and identifying weaknesses. The document discusses Metasploit's history and versions, how it can be used to conduct penetration testing, and key concepts like vulnerabilities, exploits, and payloads.
Clustering Manual for Parallel ComputingMamun Ahmed
Clustering is way to connect two or more computers with each other in such a way they behave like one single computer. It’s necessary for parallel processing, load balancing, and fault tolerance which is called parallel computing. This manual shows the steps to establish clustering in Linux OS.
Introduction to Just in Time Access - BrightTalkHaydn Johnson
Ensuring users have access to only the resources they need, aka least privilege is great. But have you considered granting users only needed access?
This talk will introduce the concept of granting ‘Just-in-Time Access’. Securing an endpoint is more than patching and vulnerability management. Granting access to who, when and what also secures an endpoint. Only when a user needs to connect to a system, can access be granted. Ports such as SSH do not need to be open for the world to connect and probe. Database credentials do not need to last forever.
This approach limits the damage that can be caused by an account -- privileged or otherwise -- by reducing the amount of time an attacker has to gain access to the account, as well as the time they have to move from a compromised account before losing access.
The short explanation for Just-in-Time Access is providing short-term access in real time. It is a relatively new term in the industry and is another way to practice the least privileged best practice.
Key Takeaways:
• The benefits to Just-in-Time access for security and operations
o Improved visibility
o Minimize damage from compromised accounts
o Operational efficiency
• How SSH can be replaced with AWS SSM sessions
o Direct SSH replacement
o SSH reverse proxy
• How Just in Time Access for database credentials can help
o Example: Hashicorp Vault
o Example: Akeyless
• Resources for learning more
Communication to the business is very different to exploitation. This talk helps bridge the gap between a finding and a business risk.
Presented at HackFest 2018
Checking Windows for signs of compromiseCal Bryant
This document provides guidance on investigating compromised Microsoft Windows systems to identify how the system was compromised and what malware or unauthorized programs may be present. It outlines various locations in the file system, registry, services, and network settings where intruders commonly hide malware. Tools recommended for examining the system include using cmd.exe to view file timestamps, searching hidden folders and alternate data streams, and using Google to research any suspicious programs found. The document advises that while antivirus software can detect some threats, a fresh reinstall of the operating system is typically the most reliable way to restore a compromised system.
This document provides an overview of Tripwire, an open source intrusion detection software tool. It monitors key files and system attributes to detect changes from an established baseline. The summary is:
Tripwire monitors files and system attributes to detect unauthorized changes from a baseline. It works by creating a database of file attributes when first installed. It then regularly checks for changes and reports any differences found. System administrators can use reports from Tripwire to determine if changes were legitimate or require investigation.
This document provides an overview of Tripwire, an open source intrusion detection software tool. It monitors key files and system attributes to detect changes from an established baseline. The summary is:
Tripwire monitors files and system attributes to detect unauthorized changes from a baseline. It works by creating a database of file attributes when first installed. It then regularly checks for changes and reports any differences found. System administrators can use reports to determine if changes were legitimate or require further action to restore system integrity. Tripwire provides host-based intrusion detection across networks and can help secure servers and other systems.
The document discusses the limitations of being PCI DSS compliant and argues that true security requires going beyond basic compliance. It notes that compensating controls allow organizations to not fully meet requirements, and questions whether organizations with privileged user access, unencrypted data, and incomplete monitoring can truly detect or prevent unauthorized access. The document advocates for encryption of cardholder data and comprehensive monitoring to protect against insider threats.
You may be compliant, but are you really secure?Thomas Burg
Presented by Greg Swedosh from Knightcraft Technology (www.knightcraft.com) at NonStop Bootcamp 2014.
This presentation explains why being PCI compliant does *not* equal being secure. While this is a general statement, the presentation does focus on the HP NonStop platform.
Excerpt from a summary slide:
Without a strong commitment to security by the executive team, being compliant only provides a false sense of security.
It often just becomes about ticking boxes and “filling gaps”.
Where there is no serious commitment to security, an organization will always be significantly more vulnerable.
Operating System Structure Of A Single Large Executable...Jennifer Lopez
The document discusses emerging developments in clinical decision support systems, noting that these systems are gaining recognition due to their ability to improve healthcare quality and safety by providing tailored patient information and recommendations to clinicians. It outlines some of the challenges in knowledge representation for clinical decision support systems, including the need to represent complex clinical knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertainties and probabilities. Emerging areas being explored include the use of artificial intelligence techniques like deep learning and natural language processing to advance clinical decision support.
OWASP top 10 - 2021 - Tryhackme cyber securit trainingpodimenk
This document discusses various cyber security training exercises on the Tryhackme platform. It provides examples of challenges that teach users about vulnerabilities like command injection, password reset flaws, outdated systems, authentication weaknesses, and tampering with JSON web tokens. The goal is to help users identify security issues by allowing them to execute exploits and analyze logs to understand attacks and improve defenses.
Hacking involves exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems or networks to gain unauthorized access. There are different types of hackers, including white hat hackers who perform ethical hacking to test security, black hat hackers who perform hacking with malicious intent, and grey hat hackers who may sometimes hack ethically and sometimes not. Ethical hacking involves testing one's own systems for vulnerabilities without causing harm. Vulnerability assessments and penetration tests are common ethical hacking techniques that involve scanning for vulnerabilities and attempting to exploit them in a controlled way. Popular tools used for ethical hacking include Kali Linux, Nmap, Metasploit, and John the Ripper.
The document provides details on the Backoff malware including:
- It infects point of sale systems to steal credit card data which is sent to a command and control server.
- Keylogging and memory scraping are used to harvest track 1 and 2 data from cards.
- The C&C infrastructure uses proxies and authentication to hide the real server location and survives takedowns.
- Analysis of version timestamps suggests the malware operator does development late at night.
This document proposes a new methodology for web application testing that involves testing a system administrator's ability to detect an attack. It suggests conducting a staged test with increasing levels of noise or detection to see when the admin is able to identify an attack. The document also provides examples of how attackers hide connections and clear logs to avoid detection by discussing typical behaviors checked by incident response teams. The goal is to test both the security of the application and the security of the admin's knowledge to help admins learn new ways that attacks can be hidden and to improve security overall.
The document discusses using a Teensy microcontroller device to create payloads for penetration testing. It provides an overview of the Teensy, examples of how it has been used in previous penetration tests, and introduces Kautilya, a Ruby-based toolkit that aims to make Teensy more useful for penetration testers by providing pre-built payloads that can be selected and customized. The payloads discussed are mostly for Windows systems and focus on techniques like installing backdoors, modifying system settings, downloading files from pastebins, and collecting information from victims. Limitations and areas for future improvement are also mentioned.
Monitoring What Matters: The Prometheus Approach to Whitebox Monitoring (Berl...Brian Brazil
Prometheus is an open-source monitoring system that allows for whitebox monitoring through metrics collected from inside systems and applications. It provides the ability to alert on high-level symptoms, debug issues through customizable dashboards, and perform complex queries across metrics. Prometheus empowers building monitoring that matters through alerting on important business metrics, gaining insight via dashboards, and integrating with other systems via open interfaces.
This was a workshop I conducted at Black Hat Europe'12. The workshop explains how to program a USB HID, Teensy++ in this case, for usage in offensive security.
Ncsc security architecture anti patterns white paperAhmedHany Sayed
This document describes 6 common security architecture anti-patterns:
1. 'Browse-up' administration where less trusted devices are used to manage more trusted systems.
2. Management bypass where layered defenses in the data plane do not extend to the management plane.
3. Back-to-back firewalls where the same controls are implemented redundantly without benefit.
4. Building an 'on-prem' solution in the cloud without leveraging cloud-native services.
5. Uncontrolled third party access without constraints or monitoring of remote access.
6. Unpatchable systems that cannot easily apply security updates.
The document discusses the Meterpreter payload and its advantages over traditional command shells. Meterpreter runs by injecting itself into vulnerable processes, allowing it to avoid detection. It has a full command shell and extensions that allow flexible post-exploitation activities like privilege escalation and maintaining stealth. Meterpreter commands demonstrated include keylogging, packet sniffing, and modifying file timestamps to evade forensic analysis.
The document discusses systems integration and single sign-on (SSO). It describes using a centralized authentication service (CAS) to allow users to sign in once and access multiple applications without re-entering credentials. CAS uses ticket-granting tickets stored in cookies to authenticate users and service tickets to share authentication information with other applications. The document also outlines plans to build a sample SSO client and server application to demonstrate SSO concepts.
This document provides information about computer hacking tools and skills. It discusses hacking tools like SQLI Helper, Dark Port Scanner, Sonic Bat virus creator, Brutus password cracker, and IP Tools. It also mentions Cain and Abel password recovery tool. The document outlines essential hacking skills like network packet sniffing, password hash cracking, rainbow tables, and cryptanalysis attacks. It emphasizes the wide IT knowledge required to become a skilled hacker, including fundamentals like networking, operating systems, and programming.
Metasploit is an open source penetration testing framework that contains tools for scanning systems to identify vulnerabilities, exploits to take advantage of vulnerabilities, and payloads to control systems after exploitation. It provides a simple interface for security professionals to simulate attacks while testing systems and identifying weaknesses. The document discusses Metasploit's history and versions, how it can be used to conduct penetration testing, and key concepts like vulnerabilities, exploits, and payloads.
Clustering Manual for Parallel ComputingMamun Ahmed
Clustering is way to connect two or more computers with each other in such a way they behave like one single computer. It’s necessary for parallel processing, load balancing, and fault tolerance which is called parallel computing. This manual shows the steps to establish clustering in Linux OS.
Introduction to Just in Time Access - BrightTalkHaydn Johnson
Ensuring users have access to only the resources they need, aka least privilege is great. But have you considered granting users only needed access?
This talk will introduce the concept of granting ‘Just-in-Time Access’. Securing an endpoint is more than patching and vulnerability management. Granting access to who, when and what also secures an endpoint. Only when a user needs to connect to a system, can access be granted. Ports such as SSH do not need to be open for the world to connect and probe. Database credentials do not need to last forever.
This approach limits the damage that can be caused by an account -- privileged or otherwise -- by reducing the amount of time an attacker has to gain access to the account, as well as the time they have to move from a compromised account before losing access.
The short explanation for Just-in-Time Access is providing short-term access in real time. It is a relatively new term in the industry and is another way to practice the least privileged best practice.
Key Takeaways:
• The benefits to Just-in-Time access for security and operations
o Improved visibility
o Minimize damage from compromised accounts
o Operational efficiency
• How SSH can be replaced with AWS SSM sessions
o Direct SSH replacement
o SSH reverse proxy
• How Just in Time Access for database credentials can help
o Example: Hashicorp Vault
o Example: Akeyless
• Resources for learning more
Communication to the business is very different to exploitation. This talk helps bridge the gap between a finding and a business risk.
Presented at HackFest 2018
Human(e) Security in a World of Business 2018Haydn Johnson
Relationship Building in Security is extremely important.
Understand where I came from, where I am at, struggles I had and things I found work to help improve the security Posture of my organizaiton.
This document outlines how to conduct Purple Team exercises using the Cyber Kill Chain and Extended Cyber Kill Chain frameworks. It discusses:
- Terminology related to purple teaming, red teaming, and blue teaming.
- The purple team process of conducting focused penetration testing with clear training objectives for the blue team.
- The Cyber Kill Chain and Extended Cyber Kill Chain models and how they can be used for exercises.
- Other frameworks like ATT&CK that can aid exercises.
- The different phases and teams involved in cyber exercises.
- Examples of exercises that could be done using various tools and techniques mapped to the kill chains, like port scanning with Nmap and collecting credentials with Mim
Purple Teaming is the idea of using a Red Team exercise with clear training objectives for the Blue Team.
Great exercises should not just be focused on testing a product, they should also test your active Blue Team members and their skills. But how does one start to think about a Purple Team exercise, how does one go about running one and what does it look like?
In this talk we will explain what, why and how, to plan an effective purple team exercise and give some examples. Most enterprise networks are Windows heavy so examples will heavily lean on this.
Testing Assumptions, gaps, blind spots is what being proactive is all about. This talk is both for the console folks and non-console folks.
Phishing for clicks is like the VA portion of a Pentest. It feels nice being a hacker, but that fuzzy feeling wears off quickly, once you learn about command and control.
Everyone knows in theory what phishing is, what phishing emails looks like, they even may even theoretically know how it all works.
What about executing a Phishing campaign? This talk will show you the journey of setting up and executing a Phishing campaign to gain command and control. I have tried a few frameworks, coded some pages myself and will show the way I learned to Phish.
This is not just about sending an email and a link, this is about bypassing the email minefield to get the email to the target and having the payload call back out of the network.
We will go through:
Choosing and setting up a Phishing Framework
Cloning a site
Testing delivery and bypassing Spam filters with a payload (Click Once)
Testing different user interactions for executing payloads
Learning different payloads for command and control
Co Speaker: Cheryl Biswas
Talk Description:
How about this: a blue team talk given by red teamers. But here’s our rationale - your best defence right now is a strategic offence. The rules of the game have changed and we need to get defence up to speed.
We’ll show you what the key elements are in a good defence strategy; what you can and need to be using to full advantage. We’ll talk about the new “buzzwords” and how they apply: visibility; patterns; big data. There’s a whole lotta data to wrangle, and you aren’t seeing the whole picture if you aren’t doing things right. Threat intel is about getting the big picture as it applies to you. You’ll learn the importance of context and prioritization so that you can manipulate intel feeds to do your bidding. And then we’ll take things further and talk about hunting the adversary, using an update on proven methodologies.
We’ll show you how to understand your data, correlate threats and pin point attacks. Attendees will leave with a new understanding of the resources they have on hand, and how to leverage those into an Adaptive Proactive Defense Strategy.
This is the slide deck from a presention for SecTor 2016.
I spoke with Chris Gates @carnal0wnage.
The outline is:
Purple Teaming is conducting focused Red Teams with clear training objectives for the Blue Team for the ultimate goal of improving the organization’s overall security posture. The popular opinion is that Purple Teaming requires a big undertaking. This is not true and we will show practical exercises for Purple Teaming for varying levels of organizational maturity using the Cyber Kill Chain[1] as our framework.
Average computer users are split into two teams, red and blue, to test their offensive and defensive cybersecurity skills. On the first day, the red team attacks the blue team's network by deploying beacons, exploits, and backdoors while taking down services, while the blue team focuses on understanding and hardening their network. On the second day, the roles are reversed and the blue team goes on the offensive to test the skills they learned from defending against attacks. The event provides benefits to both teams in sharpening their skills through hands-on experience.
This talk was presented at BSidesLV 2016. It covered the trend of Automating Penetration Testing. We will delve into what this means for skilled penetration testers / exploit developers and the probable outcome of bigger and more breaches.
This was part of a 3 hour talk for students at a local college. Introductipn to post exploitation with PowerShell Empire. Feel free to use and learn from.
This document provides a step-by-step guide to creating persistence with PowerSploit and the Veil Framework. It begins by using Veil-Evasion to generate a reverse Meterpreter payload, then extracts the base64 encoded payload to use in a PowerSploit persistence script. PowerSploit is used to generate a persistence script that will execute the payload and send a reverse shell to the attacker whenever a user logs into the victim machine. It also provides an alternative manual method using PowerShell commands directly without the PowerSploit script.
The recent trend of using Attack and Defense Together.
Due to the recent trend of using offensive and defensive capabilities together, we thought a talk on Purple Teaming would be interesting. We hope to benefit those on the Attack side (red team), Defensive (blue team) and mixing the two.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
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1. haydz | Security | April 26, 2015
Meterpreter and situational
awareness
AKA WHAT COMMANDS CAN I USE WITH METERPRETER
2. PAGE 1
Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................2
Assumptions:..........................................................................................................................................2
Basics: What is Meterpreter .........................................................................................................................2
What does that mean? ..............................................................................................................................2
In Summary................................................................................................................................................3
Upon receiving a Meterpreter session:........................................................................................................3
We must therefore find the session that we wish to interact with: .................................................... 4
To access the Metepreter session”.......................................................................................................... 4
Situational awareness................................................................................................................................... 4
Some easy to use Meterpreter commands:............................................................................................ 4
Getuid..................................................................................................................................................... 4
sysinfo.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Cat...........................................................................................................................................................5
Pwd..........................................................................................................................................................5
But Meterpter is not a terminal access?..................................................................................................5
Back to situational awareness ..................................................................................................................... 6
We are currently running as the svchost.exe process in a temp directory......................................... 6
In summary ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Tokens, what is this about tokens ...............................................................................................................7
How do I find out what token I have?.....................................................................................................7
Getuid......................................................................................................................................................7
Incognito.................................................................................................................................................7
Incognito.................................................................................................................................................7
Use incognito.............................................................................................................................................7
List_token –u......................................................................................................................................... 8
Attempt to IMPERSONATE WITH incognito....................................................................................... 8
Impersonate_token ............................................................................................................................... 8
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 9
3. PAGE 2
Introduction
This report is to explain some key commands within Meterpreter that allow you to have some sort
of situational awareness. That is, how to gain more insight into system information, the user you
currently are and what processes are running among other things.
Effectively this is a rehash of information already out there, it helps me learn it if I write about it
and hopefully it helps others to learn as well.
Assumptions:
I am taking the assumption that the reader has some prior knowledge/experience with the
Metasploit Framework in launching payloads and creating listeners, as well as basic information
security terminology.
Basics: What is Meterpreter
If you are into pentesting/hacking you may have heard of Meterpreter or have used it. But what
exactly is it.
Meterpreter in its most basic form is a shell/command line access tool. It may be in the form of a
reverse or bind shell, but with many amazing options. It is simple to use and hard to master.
The definition from Offensive Security:
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
A Payload:
In computer security it refers to the part of an exploit/malware that performs the
malicious action. The data that is sent via the exploit. It performs the attacker’s
intentions, such as gaining system information or looking around directories.
4. PAGE 3
DLL injection:
Running code within the address space of another process. Meterpreter runs inside
other processes such as svchost.exe or calc.exe
Staged:
The initial Meterpreter session is created, but different modules/stages can be
added to allow different functionality as needed.
IN SUMMARY
So from that we can gather that Meterpreter is something we deliver via exploiting a vulnerability
and gain commands to execute via running inside a process that is already running on the victims
computer. Additionally, we can then add more functionality if needed.
Upon receiving a Meterpreter session:
Upon receiving a Meterpreter session, depending on how you have set up your Metasploit listen, it
may automatically jump into the Meterpreter session or it may not.
If it has not loaded the session automatically you will need to interactively open the sessions
It may look like the following:
The session has been created but is running as a background job.
5. PAGE 4
WE MUST THEREFORE FIND THE SESSION THAT WE WISH TO INTERACT WITH:
As we can see in the above when we type sessions, the Metasploit handler will list the sessions for
us. In this case session 1 has our win32 Meterpreter sessions.
TO ACCESS THE METEPRETER SESSION”
We simply type sessions –i and the session number
The –i flag is to interactive with the session number you provide.
Situational awareness
So we now have a session on our victim’s machine. Where to from here? Well before we try any
privilege escalation, let’s see who we are, where we are and all sorts of goodness.
Mudge is well known red teamer and has a great blog post regarding situational awareness post
here.
The idea of situation awareness is to understand what access you have, that is what you can and
cannot do. Can you add a user in order to access a box via rdesktop? Can you run executables in
order to dump passwords?
SOME EASY TO USE METERPRETER COMMANDS:
Getuid
Will show the user you are active as
sysinfo
Will print out system information, similar to an ipconfig command but with extra
information, including the Computer name
6. PAGE 5
Cat
Will read a file
Pwd
Will print the current directory you are working
Examples of using the commands:
BUT METERPTER IS NOT A TERMINAL ACCESS?
Well, it is but it isn’t. You can drop down into a typical shell to gain normal command line access.
Meterpreter lives within another process allowing you to drop the shell/command line access and
bring it up when needed, it allows more functionality.
To drop into a shell/command line access:
7. PAGE 6
Back to situational awareness
Meterpreter runs as a process, so what process am I? Here comes the getpid command
PID 1748, wow that’s helpful?? In order to understand the process we are running as we need to list
the processes that the current machine/session is running
We then need to run the PS command to list all processes running and find our Process ID.
WE ARE CURRENTLY RUNNING AS THE SVCHOST.EXE PROCESS IN A TEMP
DIRECTORY.
Based on the fact we are running in a temp directory we could assume most appropriately that we have very
little privileges, as it turn out on this machine we are running as an IWAM account. This account is a default
account with very little privilege created from an installation of IIS 5.1 or prior.
IN SUMMARY
We understand that we are most likely a low level user running out of a temp directory.
We understand the system information, the operating system and computer name.
8. PAGE 7
Tokens, what is this about tokens
In windows the simple idea is that each process and thread has a token associated with it. This is
just stating which user the process is associated with and if necessary which subset of the user’s
rights the process has. Therefore knowing which token you have allows you better insight into
understand your access.
For example a user token allows you to do things that a normal use has rights to, this may be to run
allowed programs but not download and install programs (if in an enterprise environment). A
system token allows one to have system access and allows complete control over the victim’s
machine.
As this report is about privilege escalation we are assuming you do not have a system token.
HOW DO I FIND OUT WHAT TOKEN I HAVE?
The two ways I know, are to use getuid and incognito.
Getuid
Will simply list the username
Incognito
Is extra functionality that allows an attacker to impersonate a user token, it
includes finding your current token.
Incognito
The aim is to impersonate a valid token on the system in order to gain more privileged access. The
aim is to impersonate a valid token on the system in order to gain more privileged access.
In order to use the functionality that incognito brings, we must load the module:
USE INCOGNITO
This will load the incognito module for us
9. PAGE 8
In order to attempt to steal tokens, we need to see if we have access to any tokens.
List_token –u
This will list all tokens by unique user name
From this, we are able to see IUSR_<uname> tokens. Which after googling is just a similar account
with similar limited privileges.
The Microsoft documentation regarding IIS accounts is here. Which tells us that:
“Internet Guest Account (IUSR_<computername>)
The Internet Guest account is used for anonymous access to management points.”
So we can see the tokens of a guest account which would appear not helpful at this time.
ATTEMPT TO IMPERSONATE WITH INCOGNITO
Impersonate_token
This command will attempt to impersonate the specified token, allowing us to hopefully execute
commands from then on with then access the token gives.
Meterpreter informs us that we were successful in impersonating the token. However if we use the
getuid command we can see that we are still using the ID of the same account. For an unknown
reason the success was reported incorrectly.
10. PAGE 9
I write up via Metasploit unleashed shows successfully impersonating a System token.
Conclusion
These are some fun techniques I have played with while being stuck as an IIS guest account.
The idea is to understand where you are and what you can do and then hopefully move laterally or
vertically to get to system access.