The document discusses metastasis, the process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other parts of the body, outlining stages of progression and prerequisites. It describes various types of cancers such as carcinomas, leukemias, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Moreover, it highlights the biological mechanisms involved, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, necessary for metastasis to occur.

1. Metastasis
-sonal s.more
M.Sc biotechnology

2.  Introduction of cancer.
 Introduction on metastasis.
 Stages of metastatic progression.
 Prerequisites for metastasis.
 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
 Biochemical parameters acquired by
metastatic cell.

3.  Cancer is a serious disease in which cell in one part of the
body start uncontrol growing and form lumps also called
tumor
 Tumor
Some type of cancer do not form a tumor ex:- leukemias

4. 1. carcinoma
Skin ,solid tumor ex- breast ,lungs, prostate
cancer
2.lukemias-blood cancer
3.sacroma- tissue that support connect the body ex-fat
muscles , tendon, joints , blood vessels ,cartilage or bone
4. lymphomas- lymphoma is a cancer that begins in
lymphatic system .

5.  The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to
another part of the body
•In metastasis , cancer cell
break away from the original
tumor , travel through the
blood or lymph system ,and
form a new tumor in other
organ or tissues of the body
• the new tumor is the same
type of cancer as the primary
tumor

6. I. Dissociation- invasion and infiltration of
the surrounding normal tissue
II. Invasion –Release of neoplastic cell
III. Intravasation –survival in the circulation
IV. Extravasation- arrest in the capillary beds
of distant organ
V. Dormancy-penetration of the lymphatic or
blood vessel wall followed by growth of the
desseminated tumor cells

8.  There are three prerequisites necessaey for
metastasis
1. The tumor cell must migrate away from the
primary tumor
2. The neoplastic cell must reach a transport system
such lymphatic to carry them to a distant site
3. And the tumor cell must be able to establish and
grow at the site where they are arrested.

9.  Spread via lymphatic channels
 Spread via blood vessels [ Hematogenous spread]
 Spread via body cavity and natural passage
 Transplantation of the cancer needle or surgical instruments
to other part of the body during surgery

10. A process where cells can do
transition from epithelial
state to mesenchymal state is
called EMT
The reverse process of EMT
is called as mesenchymal-
epithelial transition MET
Epithelial state
of the cell
Mesenchymal
state of the cell
EMT
MET
Cells loose cell to cell intractions specific of epithelial cell system
Cells achieve migratory and invasive properties of mesenchymal cell
system

13.  Logical biology
 Cencer.net
 Molecular cell biology-by cooper

14. THANK YOU