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Classification of
pteridophytes
 For a long time the division Pteridophyta included-the ferns,
lycopods and horsetails. On the basis of their anatomy Jeffrey in
1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or ‘stocks’. He
included
• ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms in a ‘stock’ known as
Pteropsida
• lycopods and horsetails in another ‘stock’ known as Lycopsida.
 Scott in 1923 ranked them as divisions. He segregated the
horsetails as a separate division, the Sphenopsida.
 According to Eames (1936), Tippo (1942) and others there is
a single division, the Trachaeophyta consisting of four subdivisions
1. Psilopsida
2. Lycopsida
3. Sphenopsida
4. Pteropsida.
 Classified into 4 divisions that have 40 families. They include
about 10,000 living species (365 genera) distributed worldwide.
Classes of pteridophytes
1. Psilophyta 2. Lycophyta
3.
Sphenophyta
4.
Pterophyta
Sub classes
 Division I Psilophyta Class 1. Psilotopsida
 Division II Lycophyta
Class 1. Ligulopsida
Class 2. Eligulopsida
 Division III Arthrophyta
Class 1. Sphenophyllopsida
Class 2. Calamopsida
 Division IV Filicophyta
Class 1. Primofilicopsida
Class 2. Eusporangiopsida
Class 3. Protoleptosporangiopsida
Class 4. Leptoprotosporangiopsida
1. Psilophyta(Whisk ferns)
Two genera (Psilotum and Tmesipteris) and 4-8
species
• Most primitive
• Rootless with rhizoids
• Leaves often absent
• Dichotomously branched photosynthetic stem
• Protostele: is the condition where central core of
xylem surrounded by phloem
• Homosporous Synangium: trilocular structure
that encloses sporangia
• E.g. Fossil genera: Rhynia and Horneophyton
• Living genera: Psilotum and Tmesipteris
1. Psilophyta(Whisk ferns)
2. Lycophyta (Club moss or spike
moss)
• Differentiated plant body
• Microphyllous leaves
• Protostele sometimes siphonostele
• Sporophylls aggregate to form strobili or
cones
• Both homosporous and heterosporous.
Lycopodium is homosporous
whereas Selaginella is heterosporous
• Gametophyte depends on fungus for food
2. Lycophyta (Club moss or spike
moss)
3. Sphenophyta (Horse tail)
A single genus which have 35 species
• All are fossils except Equisetum
• Differentiated plant body
• Stem joined with nodes and internodes
• Scaly leaves seen as whorl around the node
• Sporangia forming strobilus or cones
• Homosporous
3. Sphenophyta (Horse tail)
4. Pterophya (Ferns or
Filicophyta)
• Most widely distributed vascular cryptogams
• Differentiated plant body stem mostly
rhizomatous
• Leaves macro phyllous called as fronds
• Young leaves show circinate vernation (spirally
coiled)
• Stele: protostele, siphonostele or dictyostele
• Sporangia form sori on abaxial side of the leaf
• Sporocarp in Marselia
• Indusium may be true or false
• Homosporous (Pteris) or
heterosporous(Marselia)
• Antherozoids multiflagellated
4. Pterophya (Ferns or
Filicophyta)