Community mental health education aims to educate the public about mental health conditions and treatment methods, promote preventative activities, and change public attitudes. It targets vulnerable groups, community leaders, and caregivers. Techniques include group discussions, media campaigns, and lectures. Content is tailored to the target group and goals. While some studies show positive effects, the effectiveness of mental health education is mixed and it is difficult to directly improve mental well-being. However, providing information can still reassure the public and establish standards to evaluate their own mental health.
Family therapy is a family oriented psychotherapy that is aomed at resolving the conflicts and poor communication pattern among the family members. It also aid them in learning coping strategies to deal with distress and deal with the stress related to psychiatric illness of the family member.
Mental health Education, the goals and problems
-to educate the public and its leaders about the nature of mental disorders and methods of treatment, to covey the magnitude of the problem and to mobilize action towards improving the care and treatment of mentally disturbed.
-to improve the mental health of community by encouraging preventive activities.
What do people know and believe about mental illness?
The practice of mental health education
The effectiveness of mental health education
Family therapy is a family oriented psychotherapy that is aomed at resolving the conflicts and poor communication pattern among the family members. It also aid them in learning coping strategies to deal with distress and deal with the stress related to psychiatric illness of the family member.
Mental health Education, the goals and problems
-to educate the public and its leaders about the nature of mental disorders and methods of treatment, to covey the magnitude of the problem and to mobilize action towards improving the care and treatment of mentally disturbed.
-to improve the mental health of community by encouraging preventive activities.
What do people know and believe about mental illness?
The practice of mental health education
The effectiveness of mental health education
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
This slide contains information regarding Community Mental Health Nursing. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Group therapy is a type of psychotherapy wherein therapisr treats a group of people together. Group members meet at regular sessions to resolve their symptoms or conflicts.
we communicate when we talk and also when we don't talk. the sharing of ideas, thoughts, perceptions, belief between two individuals (client and nurse) which will help nurse to provide effective care and treatment to the client.
These slides contain detailed description of family therapy including : Introduction, Definition, Aims/Goals, Indication, Contraindication, Functions, Types, Nursing diagnosis and interventions, Nursing responsibilities, Research.
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long re.docxniraj57
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long response
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves.
Mental health.
I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that
“
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs.
These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health
issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care settings, and
psychiatric hospitalization, incarceration, residential alcohol/drug treatment or homelessness. The target population is all individuals within
Chatham County, ...
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
This slide contains information regarding Community Mental Health Nursing. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Group therapy is a type of psychotherapy wherein therapisr treats a group of people together. Group members meet at regular sessions to resolve their symptoms or conflicts.
we communicate when we talk and also when we don't talk. the sharing of ideas, thoughts, perceptions, belief between two individuals (client and nurse) which will help nurse to provide effective care and treatment to the client.
These slides contain detailed description of family therapy including : Introduction, Definition, Aims/Goals, Indication, Contraindication, Functions, Types, Nursing diagnosis and interventions, Nursing responsibilities, Research.
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long re.docxniraj57
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long response
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves.
Mental health.
I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that
“
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs.
These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health
issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care settings, and
psychiatric hospitalization, incarceration, residential alcohol/drug treatment or homelessness. The target population is all individuals within
Chatham County, ...
Antidepressant Use in Youth Soars During and After Pandemic.docxfezziouiabdelmalek
The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on the world, impacting individuals and communities in profound ways. Young people, in particular, faced unique challenges as schools closed, social interactions dwindled, and anxieties surrounding the virus rose. This unprecedented disruption contributed to a concerning trend: a significant rise in antidepressant use among youth.
This concise book delves into this phenomenon, exploring the factors contributing to the increase, potential consequences, and alternative approaches to supporting youth mental health. By understanding the situation and exploring various avenues, we can work towards a future where young people have access to the resources and support they need to thrive.
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there.docxarmitageclaire49
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there and respond to them with a response of 3-4 sentences long
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves Mental health. I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that “
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs. These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care se.
SAMHSA COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH; TOOLKIT:
This toolkit includes: An Information Brief; A Discussion Guide; A Planning Guide; Resources and Helpful Websites.
www.mentalhealth.gov
elevating-mental-health-awareness-significance-and-tactics NewsNow Plus
Mental health is a vital part of our overall well-being. It encompasses our emotional, cerebral, and social well-being. Mental health problems are common, but sorely, they're also largely stigmatized. Not numerous people are apprehensive about how internal health workshops, what problems can arise, and how to take care of their internal health. Raising internal health mindfulness is of utmost significance to attack misconceptions and smirch girding internal health. It can also encourage people to prioritize their internal health and well-being, therefore leading them toward happier and further fulfilling lives.
Understanding Mental Health
Mental Health refers to the state of an existent's emotional, cerebral, and social well-being. It affects how we suppose, feel, and act, and plays a pivotal part in determining our capability to manage stress and acclimatize to changes in life. Admitting the significance of internal health is vital as it helps in the identification of symptoms, treatment, and forestallment of internal health diseases. Mental health can be astronomically divided into three stages- conforming, floundering, and thriving. It's essential to understand these stages to fete and manage the early signs of internal health issues. Flashback, internal health is as important as physical health and should be given the same care and attention.
Factors Affecting Mental Health
Environmental Factors
Our surroundings can greatly affect our internal well-being. Exposure to pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards can beget stress and anxiety. also, access to green spaces and natural geographies has been shown to ameliorate mood and reduce symptoms of depression. The impact of climate change on internal health is also a growing concern.
Cerebral Factors
Our studies, feelings, and actions play a pivotal part in our internal health. Negative thinking patterns, similar to reflection and catastrophizing, can lead to anxiety and depression. Trauma, similar to abuse or neglect, can also have a continuing impact on internal well-being. Managing strategies similar to awareness and cognitive-behavioral remedies can help promote positive cerebral functioning.
inheritable and Natural Factors
Genetics and biology can also contribute to the development of internal health diseases. Variations in genes that affect neurotransmitter function have been linked to diseases similar to depression and schizophrenia. Hormonal imbalances and other natural factors can also impact internal health. Still, it's important to flashback that genetics and biology aren't the sole determinants of internal well-being.....
If you are gathering information on a local area for the first time, it would be helpful to share the work, and the findings, with colleagues.
Working with colleagues needs to be done in conjunction with establishing links with local people.
Gathering and updating all these different kinds of information is an ongoing project for every health promoter.
There are a number of different kinds of information you can access when identifying need.
Definition of ethics, Ethics and counselling,
Professional codes of ethics and standards,
the Development of Code of Ethics of
Counsellors, Ethical counselling
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
3. GOALS
• Mental health education is intended to
serve two broad though related purposes:
1)to educate the public and its leaders about
the nature of mental disorders and methods
of treatment,to convey the magnitude of the
problem and to mobilize action toward
improving the care and treatment of the
mentally disturbed.
• The plea is for interest and compassion
rather than stigmatization and rejection.
4. 2)to improve the mental health of the community
by encouraging preventive
activities.Professional associations,citizen’s
groups and governmental agencies engage in
educational activities towards these ends.
• Mental health education is one of the essential
functions expected of community mental health
centers under federal support.The effort to
inform and change public attitudes is an
important theme of community psychology.
5. THE PRACTICE OF MENTAL HEALTH
EDUCATION
• Practice in this realm can be considered in
terms of three components:technique,target
group and content(National Assembly on
Mental Health Education ,1960;Adelson and
Lurie,1972)
6. TECHNIQUE
• A major thrust in mental health education in recent
years is the greater utilization of group processes for
developing understanding of mental health issues.
• From the work on group dynamics and the related
efforts in the “dynamics of planned change” (e.g.,Lippit
,Watson,and Wesley,1958;Bennis and Shepard,1961)in
the Lewinian tradition, there is increasing recognition
of potential of problem solving and attitude change in
the mental health realm as well as other aspects of
social life (Adelsonand Lurie, 1972).
7. • Where people participate themselves in the
educational process,rather than being “educated
at,”change is likely to be quicker and more
permanent.
• Hence, a major effort of mental health educators
involves group discussions in which the educator
is more a resource person than a lecturer.
• In this regard, it can be noted that
consultation,though considered as a separate
topic , can be conceived in much the same
framework and is actually a major technique for
providing mental health education.
8. • The mass media ,however ,remain the primary
route for reaching the public at large .Television
,Newspapers, and magazines carry reports on
mental health programs and developments.
• Problems of neurosis and psychotherapy have
become familiar on many TV dramatic
programs,as have concerns with drug
abuse,health programs are pictured, such as crisis
clinics,suicide prevention, and community mental
health centers.
• All of this reduces the strangeness and
fearsomeness of the work of mental health.
9. • Lectures to organized groups (whether to the
Lions Club or an eighth- gradeclass)
,demonstrations,and films are important ways
of communicating mental health information.
• Movies have been produced for many special
audiences and are often shown along with
discussions led by a professional .
• Mental health associations and professional
groups have speakers bureaus which provide
speakers on request.
10. CONTENT
• What is taught relates both to the technique
used and to the needs of the target group ,as
well as the goals of mental health educator.
• Thus ,if the purpose is to strengthen support
for mental health facilities in the community
,and the audience is composed of community
leaders,then presentations may include
mental health statistics ,cost benefit
accounting, or limitations of present
rediscussion.
11. • With a parent’s group ,the focus is more likely
to be on matters of child development and
their import for later mental health.
• In order to be effective , an educator must not
only have a broad knowledge of
psychopathology ,development ,intervention
methods ,social problems ,and understanding
of the organization and facilities of mental
health,but also have the knowledge and skills
of communication and group processes .
12. TARGET GROUP
• In any community there are numerous potential target
groups .Adelson and Lurie (1972)suggest three major
groups who should be given the highest priorities in
mental health education.
1) Those Vulnerable to Emotional Disorder .
• This includes children and their families ,groups going
through any developmental crisis ,such as starting in a
new school career, or those facing special stresses,such
as illness or loss of a job,and those under long-term
stress ,such as inadequate housing,chronic
unemployment ,and the like.
• In these cases , the primary purpose of education is to
help these groups to deal with their problems.
13. 2)Those Holding Power in the Community.
• Whether local ,state wide, or national those
belonging to the power structure are important
targets since the face of the mental health
enterprise , whether a local community clinic or a
national research program and depends on their
understanding and goodwill.
• For other reasons ,however , the powerless and
deprived are also of concern for increased
understanding on their part can lead to their
taking a more vital part in the development of
services best suited to their needs.
14. 3)Those with Care –taking Functions.
• Teachers ,ministers and physicians and the
police need mental health information
because they are involved,in more or less
direct ways, with the problems of vulnerable
people.
15. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MENTAL HEALTH
EDUCATION
• Reviewing the experimental literature on
mental health education.J.A.Davis
(1965)concludes that no simple overall
conclusion as to its effectiveness can be
reached .
• Many of the published studies concern
student groups ,though some evaluate
programs addressed to adult audiences.
16. • In many cases ,positive effects were found in
experiments involving exposure to written
material, lectures or group discussion,but in
others no effects or negative findings emerged,
which led Davis to the conclusion that successful
and unsuccessful programs could not readly be
distinguished.
• What does seem true , however, is that
effectiveness of the educational effort varies with
the particular facet of behavior which the
experimenter attempts to.
17. • Little is known about the effects on personal
and subjective feelings of happiness,
effectiveness and the like.
• “A key assumption of existing mental health
education programs that mass exposure to
books ,pamphlets,movies, and so on,has a
positive effect on subjective states has not
been studied”(J.A.Davis,1965,p.137).
18. • The educator in the field of cancer control, for
example,can deliver the simple message that smoking
can be detrimental to your health,but mental health
educators have few such straightforward messages to
deliver.
• Inadequate mothering can lead to psychological
disturbance in the child,but this can hardly be
translated into a directive for action of sort “if your
child is to be psychologically sound,be an adequate
mother!” Thus far ,mental health education can better
serve attitude change toward the goal of improving the
understanding and care of the mentally ill than it can
be used for altering the feelings and actions of the
recipient so as to assure his or his family’s better
mental health.
19. • Because of the lack of more complete and
more specific working principles, the joint
commission of mental illness and Health took
the conservative position: “We should avoid
the risk of false promise in ‘education for
better mental health’ and focus on the more
modest goals of disseminating such
information about mental illness as the public
needs and wants in order to recognize
psychological forms of illness and to arrive at
an informed opinion of its responsibility
toward the mentally ill”(1961,p.277).
20. • Informed public opinion is an important goal
in itself.People are understandably curious to
learn what is known about human psychology
and psychologists are obliged to share their
knowledge.
• Regardless of whether such a knowledge may
or maynot lead to greater peace of mind,it is
important that it will be available as a basis for
informed opinion on public questions
21. • More over ,as J.A.Davis(1965)notes ,making
psychological knowledge available serves
three additional purposes:
(1)having information reassures.The Nunnally
studies showed how unsure people were in
matters pertaining to mental health , and how
eager they were for authoritative and factual
material .Getting information,even if
incomplete reduced their fears
22. (2)information provides standards for evaluating
oneself.We often judge our own situation in
relation to what we believe of others to be.To the
extent that we lack correct information,we can
misjudge
(3)information can inoculate against the shock of
oncoming stress ,as we noted in our earlier
discussion of anticipatory crisis intervention.The
unexpected and unknown is more threatening
than the known,even when there are few specific
things that can be done to avert it.
23. CONCLUSION
• Community mental health education can help to
reduce stigma surrounding mental health
conditions and promote a positive mental health
environment.
• Change in the perception of mental health often
starts with individuals; moves to families, the
workplace, and schools; and ends with
community leaders who are then equipped to
maintain formal and informal community
education efforts surrounding mental health.