This document summarizes the female menstrual cycle. It describes that the menstrual cycle occurs over 28 days in the female reproductive system. It involves changes in the ovaries and uterus. In the ovaries, a follicle develops and then ruptures to release an egg (ovulation). If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, hormones decrease, and the uterine lining sheds through menstruation. The cycle then begins again with follicle development. Menarche begins the cycles at puberty and menopause ends them in older age.

2. Mrs ANITA CHANDOLA
TUTOR,
SISTER FLORENCE
COLLEGE OF NURSING

3.  IT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE OCCURING IN
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN.
 THE PERIOD OF THE MENSTURAL CYCLE IS 28
DAYS.
 THE NORMAL MENSTURAL CYCLE IS ALSO
KNOWN AS(A/K/A) EUMENORRHEA.
 PAINFUL MENSTURAL CYCLE IS CALLED AS
DYSMENORRHEA.
 THE FIRST MENSTURAL CYCLE IS CALLED AS
MENARCHE
 ENDING OF THE MENSTURAL CYCLE IS CALLED
AS MENOPAUSE.

4.  BEFORE 10 YEARS DEVELOPMENT OF
SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERSTIC IS KNOWN AS
“PRECOICIOUS PUBERTY”
 AFTER 16 YEARS DEVELOPMENT OF
SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER IS
KNOWN AS “DELAYED PUBERTY”.

5. According to, TANNER AND
MARSHEL.
 THELARCHE-;Development of
breast.
 ADRENARCHE-; Development of
axillary hair.
 PUBARCHE-; Development of pubic
hair.
Increase in height.
 MENARCHE-; Starting of the
menstrual cycle.

6.  1 menstrual cycle 28 days.
 1 years 13 times
 Whole life 30*13 = 390
 Reproductive age (15-45 yrs) i.e, 30 yrs
 Approximately 400 days.

7. Uterine changes-
A. Uterine bleeding phase-
 1-5 days
 also called as menses ,catamenia
,periods.
 It is the 1st stage of uterine cycle in this
phase the hormones oestrogen
decreases due to decrease in
oestrogen shedding off endometrium
Organ changes during menstrual
cycle

8. B) PROLIFERATIVE STAGE-
 6-14 DAYS
 In this phase oestrogen level is increased
due to increase in oestrogen level
regeneration or cell division of endometrium
cell start again.
C) SECRETORY PHASE
 it is the last phase of uterine changes in this
phase endometrial layer is prepared for
recieving the fertilized ovum in presence of
oestrogen and progestrone which is formed

9. Ovarian changes
FOLLICULAR PHASE-
 IT IS THE FIRST PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGE IN OVARY IN A PRESENCE
OF INCREASE IN FSH THE
FOLLICULE OF THE OVARY
GETTING MATURE.
 THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS
GRAFFIAN FOLLICLE.

10. B) OVULATORY PHASE.
 OVULATORY PHASE IN THIS PHASE
THE RELEASE OF MATURE EGG
HAPPENS ON ABOUT 14 DAY AS A
RESULT OF SURGE IN LH AND FSH
OVER THE PREVIOUS DAYS.

11. LUTEAL PHASE
 15-28 DAYS
 DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF CORPUS
LUTEUM AND THEIR ACTIVITY THIS STAGE IS
KNOWN AS LUTEAL STAGE.
 IN THIS STAGE 2 PROCESSES CAN OCCUR
 IF FERTILIZATION OCCURS
 CORPUS LUTEUM WILL REMAIN THEIR FOR
12 WEEKS.
 TO SECRETE INCREASE ESTROGEN AND
PROGESTRON.

12.  IF FERTILIZATION DOESNT OCCUR
 CORPUS LEUTEUM WILL CONVERT
INTO COAPUS ALBICANS.