Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic schwannoma.
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland - A rare entity/ diagnostic dilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic
schwannoma.
Melanotic Schwannoma of Adrenal Gland - A Rare Entity/ Diagnostic DilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic schwannoma.
Melanotic Schwannoma of Adrenal Gland - A Rare Entity/ Diagnostic DilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic schwannoma.
- A 45-year-old female presented with a tumor on her fibula. An initial biopsy showed spindle-shaped cells forming interlacing fascicles with areas of nuclear pleomorphism. This was diagnosed as an atypical fibrous histiocytoma.
- The tumor was then excised. The excised specimen showed variably pleomorphic cells, mitotic figures, and necrosis. Differential diagnoses included malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma.
- Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor was positive for EMA and patchy positive for S-100, suggesting synovial sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. It was negative for TLE-
A 30-year-old female presented with a swelling in her right thigh. Biopsy and histopathological examination revealed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. MPNSTs are rare sarcomas that arise from peripheral nerves or pre-existing neurofibromas. This case demonstrated multi-lineage differentiation, with positivity for desmin and myogenin, in addition to features of MPNST.
A 40-year-old female presented with fever and weight loss. Biopsies of axillary and neck swellings revealed a granulocytic sarcoma, a type of myeloid sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed the
A 12-year-old with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and a history of multiple café-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and a large retroperitoneal mass. The mass was surgically removed and found to be a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), which is a rare sarcoma that can develop from NF1-associated tumors. Early detection of MPNST is challenging due to a lack of methods to predict malignant transformation, and treatment options include chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide as well as surgery and radiation. Ongoing research focuses on targeted therapies and angiogenesis inhibitors to improve outcomes for
Dr. Yashveer Singh presented on primary vertebral body tumors. He discussed the different types of benign primary tumors that can occur including osteochondroma, hemangioma, eosinophilic granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. The presentation covered the pathology, clinical features, radiologic evaluation, and management of each tumor type. Pain is usually the primary symptom, and treatment involves surgery, embolization, or other procedures depending on the specific tumor and symptoms.
8% of all bone tumors present in spine
25-30% of bone tumors are benign
Peak age: 2-3rd decade
Posterior element involved: osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst
Anterior element involved: giant cell tumor, hemangioma, eosinophilic granuloma
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland - A rare entity/ diagnostic dilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic
schwannoma.
Melanotic Schwannoma of Adrenal Gland - A Rare Entity/ Diagnostic DilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic schwannoma.
Melanotic Schwannoma of Adrenal Gland - A Rare Entity/ Diagnostic DilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic schwannoma.
- A 45-year-old female presented with a tumor on her fibula. An initial biopsy showed spindle-shaped cells forming interlacing fascicles with areas of nuclear pleomorphism. This was diagnosed as an atypical fibrous histiocytoma.
- The tumor was then excised. The excised specimen showed variably pleomorphic cells, mitotic figures, and necrosis. Differential diagnoses included malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma.
- Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor was positive for EMA and patchy positive for S-100, suggesting synovial sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. It was negative for TLE-
A 30-year-old female presented with a swelling in her right thigh. Biopsy and histopathological examination revealed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. MPNSTs are rare sarcomas that arise from peripheral nerves or pre-existing neurofibromas. This case demonstrated multi-lineage differentiation, with positivity for desmin and myogenin, in addition to features of MPNST.
A 40-year-old female presented with fever and weight loss. Biopsies of axillary and neck swellings revealed a granulocytic sarcoma, a type of myeloid sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed the
A 12-year-old with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and a history of multiple café-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and a large retroperitoneal mass. The mass was surgically removed and found to be a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), which is a rare sarcoma that can develop from NF1-associated tumors. Early detection of MPNST is challenging due to a lack of methods to predict malignant transformation, and treatment options include chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide as well as surgery and radiation. Ongoing research focuses on targeted therapies and angiogenesis inhibitors to improve outcomes for
Dr. Yashveer Singh presented on primary vertebral body tumors. He discussed the different types of benign primary tumors that can occur including osteochondroma, hemangioma, eosinophilic granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. The presentation covered the pathology, clinical features, radiologic evaluation, and management of each tumor type. Pain is usually the primary symptom, and treatment involves surgery, embolization, or other procedures depending on the specific tumor and symptoms.
8% of all bone tumors present in spine
25-30% of bone tumors are benign
Peak age: 2-3rd decade
Posterior element involved: osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst
Anterior element involved: giant cell tumor, hemangioma, eosinophilic granuloma
Dr Vandana, cranio spinal irradiation, radiotherapy, medulloblastoma, cancer, radiation, treatment, diagnosis, management, natural history of medulloblastoma, signs & symptoms of medulloblastoma,
current approach, future advancements
The document reports a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with a large liposarcoma tumor arising from the spermatic cord that measured 20x12 cm. He underwent a radical orchiectomy and wide local excision to remove the tumor. Histopathological examination found it to be a well-differentiated myxoid liposarcoma, a rare type of liposarcoma occurring in the spermatic cord.
A brain tumor is a localized growth of abnormal cells within the skull that takes up space. Brain tumors can be primary (originating in the brain) or secondary (metastasized from another location). The main types include gliomas (originating from glial cells), meningiomas (from meninges), and pituitary adenomas. Symptoms depend on location but commonly include headache, nausea, vomiting, and papilledema. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT and MRI scans. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and managing increased intracranial pressure.
Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor that can arise in the head and neck region. It typically presents as a slow-growing painless mass in people aged 50-60 years old. Diagnosis is made through biopsy and imaging, showing a hypervascular solid mass. Treatment involves wide local surgical excision, with some cases requiring pre-operative embolization. While hemangiopericytomas are considered radioresistant, radiation therapy may be used for residual or metastatic disease. Prognosis can vary but overall survival rates are high despite potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Careful long-term follow up is important given the unpredictable nature of these tumors.
This document discusses the case of a 4 year old male child presenting with abdominal swelling, fever, and cachexia. Imaging findings showed a large heterogeneous enhancing mass in the left suprarenal region. Differential diagnoses for abdominal masses in young children were provided, including neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and lymphoma. The document then focuses on neuroblastoma, describing its characteristics, typical imaging appearance on ultrasound, CT, and MRI, as well as patterns of metastasis. Round cell tumors with similar histology and manifestations as neuroblastoma are also listed.
A rare case of retroperitoneal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumourVeeru Reddy
1. A 68-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing retroperitoneal mass. Biopsy revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), a rare soft tissue sarcoma.
2. MPNSTs most commonly arise from major peripheral nerves or pre-existing neurofibromas. While half of cases are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, this patient did not have signs of neurofibromatosis.
3. Wide surgical excision is the primary treatment for MPNSTs. Prognosis is generally poor, with 5-year survival rates under 20% for large or high-grade tumors.
Intradural extramedullary mass - a case on MRIREKHAKHARE
An 18-year-old boy presented with 6 months of lower back pain and lower extremity weakness on the left side. MRI revealed two masses - an intradural extramedullary mass between D10-D12 deviating the spinal cord to the right, and a long paravertebral mass extending from T7-L1. The intradural mass enhanced with contrast and was considered to be an intradural extramedullary lesion such as a neurofibroma. The patient was referred for surgical management and biopsy to determine the exact diagnosis.
1. Ewing's sarcoma is a rare cancer that was first described in 1921 by James Ewing, who believed it originated from blood vessels in bone tissue.
2. It most commonly affects children and young adults under 20, with males being affected more often than females. The most common symptoms are pain and swelling near the tumor.
3. While the exact cause is unknown, it is defined by a specific chromosomal translocation. Treatment involves chemotherapy, sometimes with radiation therapy or surgery. Prognosis depends on factors like metastasis and response to treatment.
Pineal gland is essentially an extra axial midline structure lying at the roof of dienchephalon rostral to the quadrigeminal cistern surrounded by important neurovascular structure, occurring in the geometric center of brain with same depth of trajectory had made the surgery in this region a formidable challenge to neurosurgeons, however radical resection must be the goal in selected pathologies, if not pure germ cell tumor.
This document defines and describes extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, a rare malignant small round blue cell neoplasm originating from mesenchymal stem cells or neural crest stem cells. It most commonly occurs in the second decade of life and presents with swelling, pain, and constitutional symptoms. Treatment involves chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiation. Prognosis is poor with metastasis, large tumor size, or older patient age. Molecular testing reveals gene fusions between FET family genes like EWSR1 and ETS family genes in most cases.
A 51-year-old woman presented with knee pain. An MRI revealed a lesion within the fibula that did not breach the cortex. A primary resection was performed without biopsy to allow for a wide marginal excision without contamination of the common peroneal nerve. The lesion proved to be a low-grade chondrosarcoma. The goals of treatment are to make the patient free of disease or minimize pain and preserve function. This may require a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery.
This document provides information on pineal region lesions, including pathology, neoplasms, epidemiology, clinical presentation, management, and references. It discusses the various types of primary and secondary tumors that can occur in the pineal region, such as pineal parenchymal tumors, germ cell tumors, and metastases. It notes that pineal cysts are usually benign and asymptomatic, but can occasionally cause compression symptoms or apoplexy. Management depends on symptoms, with asymptomatic cases usually involving follow up and symptomatic cases potentially requiring intervention.
Tumors of the vertebral column are rare, comprising less than 10% of all primary bony tumors. The most common benign tumor is osteoid osteoma, while multiple myeloma is the most common malignant tumor. Imaging modalities such as CT and MRI scans are used to evaluate the lesions and determine the extent of involvement. An accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the appropriate treatment, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
A Rare Case Report of Angiomyolipoma Kidney Associated with Tuberous Sclerosisiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Meningeal hemangiopericytoma is an aggressive brain tumor that originates from meningeal cells. While sometimes misdiagnosed as meningioma, it is distinct in that it can metastasize outside the brain. The document discusses the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of meningeal hemangiopericytoma. Treatment involves surgical resection along with radiation and chemotherapy, but recurrence and metastasis remain high. Prognosis is generally poor with 5-year survival rates around 60%.
This presentation reviews the current neurosurgical management of patients with medulloblastoma, including the data on molecular subtyping; uses “medulloblastoma” as a springboard to discuss other topics / tumor cell biology in general; and formulates research questions to further advance neurosurgical basic science.
This document provides an overview of tumors of peripheral nerves. It begins with an introduction classifying peripheral nerve tumors and noting their most common sites in the oral region. It then describes several benign nerve tumors in detail, including traumatic neuroma, palisaded encapsulated neuroma, mucosal neuroma, neurofibroma/neurofibromatosis, schwannoma, and granular cell tumor. It also briefly mentions other rare benign nerve tumors. The document concludes by listing and defining some malignant peripheral nerve tumors. In summary, it comprehensively reviews the classification, clinical features, pathology, and characteristics of both benign and malignant peripheral nerve tumors.
Cervical Sympathetic chain ganglioneuroma : case report and review of literatureiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This case report describes a rare case of peritoneal leiomyomatosis (PLD) in a 40-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids. Imaging showed innumerable smooth-surfaced peritoneal nodules throughout the abdomen and pelvis. Laparoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PLD and ruled out peritoneal carcinomatosis. PLD is a benign condition where smooth muscle tumors occur outside the uterus, likely related to hormonal factors. It is important to correctly diagnose PLD to avoid misidentifying it as a malignancy.
Dr Vandana, cranio spinal irradiation, radiotherapy, medulloblastoma, cancer, radiation, treatment, diagnosis, management, natural history of medulloblastoma, signs & symptoms of medulloblastoma,
current approach, future advancements
The document reports a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with a large liposarcoma tumor arising from the spermatic cord that measured 20x12 cm. He underwent a radical orchiectomy and wide local excision to remove the tumor. Histopathological examination found it to be a well-differentiated myxoid liposarcoma, a rare type of liposarcoma occurring in the spermatic cord.
A brain tumor is a localized growth of abnormal cells within the skull that takes up space. Brain tumors can be primary (originating in the brain) or secondary (metastasized from another location). The main types include gliomas (originating from glial cells), meningiomas (from meninges), and pituitary adenomas. Symptoms depend on location but commonly include headache, nausea, vomiting, and papilledema. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT and MRI scans. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and managing increased intracranial pressure.
Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor that can arise in the head and neck region. It typically presents as a slow-growing painless mass in people aged 50-60 years old. Diagnosis is made through biopsy and imaging, showing a hypervascular solid mass. Treatment involves wide local surgical excision, with some cases requiring pre-operative embolization. While hemangiopericytomas are considered radioresistant, radiation therapy may be used for residual or metastatic disease. Prognosis can vary but overall survival rates are high despite potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Careful long-term follow up is important given the unpredictable nature of these tumors.
This document discusses the case of a 4 year old male child presenting with abdominal swelling, fever, and cachexia. Imaging findings showed a large heterogeneous enhancing mass in the left suprarenal region. Differential diagnoses for abdominal masses in young children were provided, including neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and lymphoma. The document then focuses on neuroblastoma, describing its characteristics, typical imaging appearance on ultrasound, CT, and MRI, as well as patterns of metastasis. Round cell tumors with similar histology and manifestations as neuroblastoma are also listed.
A rare case of retroperitoneal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumourVeeru Reddy
1. A 68-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing retroperitoneal mass. Biopsy revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), a rare soft tissue sarcoma.
2. MPNSTs most commonly arise from major peripheral nerves or pre-existing neurofibromas. While half of cases are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, this patient did not have signs of neurofibromatosis.
3. Wide surgical excision is the primary treatment for MPNSTs. Prognosis is generally poor, with 5-year survival rates under 20% for large or high-grade tumors.
Intradural extramedullary mass - a case on MRIREKHAKHARE
An 18-year-old boy presented with 6 months of lower back pain and lower extremity weakness on the left side. MRI revealed two masses - an intradural extramedullary mass between D10-D12 deviating the spinal cord to the right, and a long paravertebral mass extending from T7-L1. The intradural mass enhanced with contrast and was considered to be an intradural extramedullary lesion such as a neurofibroma. The patient was referred for surgical management and biopsy to determine the exact diagnosis.
1. Ewing's sarcoma is a rare cancer that was first described in 1921 by James Ewing, who believed it originated from blood vessels in bone tissue.
2. It most commonly affects children and young adults under 20, with males being affected more often than females. The most common symptoms are pain and swelling near the tumor.
3. While the exact cause is unknown, it is defined by a specific chromosomal translocation. Treatment involves chemotherapy, sometimes with radiation therapy or surgery. Prognosis depends on factors like metastasis and response to treatment.
Pineal gland is essentially an extra axial midline structure lying at the roof of dienchephalon rostral to the quadrigeminal cistern surrounded by important neurovascular structure, occurring in the geometric center of brain with same depth of trajectory had made the surgery in this region a formidable challenge to neurosurgeons, however radical resection must be the goal in selected pathologies, if not pure germ cell tumor.
This document defines and describes extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, a rare malignant small round blue cell neoplasm originating from mesenchymal stem cells or neural crest stem cells. It most commonly occurs in the second decade of life and presents with swelling, pain, and constitutional symptoms. Treatment involves chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiation. Prognosis is poor with metastasis, large tumor size, or older patient age. Molecular testing reveals gene fusions between FET family genes like EWSR1 and ETS family genes in most cases.
A 51-year-old woman presented with knee pain. An MRI revealed a lesion within the fibula that did not breach the cortex. A primary resection was performed without biopsy to allow for a wide marginal excision without contamination of the common peroneal nerve. The lesion proved to be a low-grade chondrosarcoma. The goals of treatment are to make the patient free of disease or minimize pain and preserve function. This may require a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery.
This document provides information on pineal region lesions, including pathology, neoplasms, epidemiology, clinical presentation, management, and references. It discusses the various types of primary and secondary tumors that can occur in the pineal region, such as pineal parenchymal tumors, germ cell tumors, and metastases. It notes that pineal cysts are usually benign and asymptomatic, but can occasionally cause compression symptoms or apoplexy. Management depends on symptoms, with asymptomatic cases usually involving follow up and symptomatic cases potentially requiring intervention.
Tumors of the vertebral column are rare, comprising less than 10% of all primary bony tumors. The most common benign tumor is osteoid osteoma, while multiple myeloma is the most common malignant tumor. Imaging modalities such as CT and MRI scans are used to evaluate the lesions and determine the extent of involvement. An accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the appropriate treatment, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
A Rare Case Report of Angiomyolipoma Kidney Associated with Tuberous Sclerosisiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Meningeal hemangiopericytoma is an aggressive brain tumor that originates from meningeal cells. While sometimes misdiagnosed as meningioma, it is distinct in that it can metastasize outside the brain. The document discusses the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of meningeal hemangiopericytoma. Treatment involves surgical resection along with radiation and chemotherapy, but recurrence and metastasis remain high. Prognosis is generally poor with 5-year survival rates around 60%.
This presentation reviews the current neurosurgical management of patients with medulloblastoma, including the data on molecular subtyping; uses “medulloblastoma” as a springboard to discuss other topics / tumor cell biology in general; and formulates research questions to further advance neurosurgical basic science.
This document provides an overview of tumors of peripheral nerves. It begins with an introduction classifying peripheral nerve tumors and noting their most common sites in the oral region. It then describes several benign nerve tumors in detail, including traumatic neuroma, palisaded encapsulated neuroma, mucosal neuroma, neurofibroma/neurofibromatosis, schwannoma, and granular cell tumor. It also briefly mentions other rare benign nerve tumors. The document concludes by listing and defining some malignant peripheral nerve tumors. In summary, it comprehensively reviews the classification, clinical features, pathology, and characteristics of both benign and malignant peripheral nerve tumors.
Cervical Sympathetic chain ganglioneuroma : case report and review of literatureiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This case report describes a rare case of peritoneal leiomyomatosis (PLD) in a 40-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids. Imaging showed innumerable smooth-surfaced peritoneal nodules throughout the abdomen and pelvis. Laparoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PLD and ruled out peritoneal carcinomatosis. PLD is a benign condition where smooth muscle tumors occur outside the uterus, likely related to hormonal factors. It is important to correctly diagnose PLD to avoid misidentifying it as a malignancy.
This document discusses imaging of testicular tumors. It begins with embryology and anatomy of the testes. The main types of testicular tumors are then described. Germ cell tumors arise from germ cells and include seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors like embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumors. Imaging with ultrasound and MRI can identify and characterize tumors. Seminomas typically appear as well-defined hypoechoic masses while embryonal carcinomas are often smaller and more ill-defined. Staging evaluates extent of primary tumor and metastases which most commonly spread to retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
This case report describes a 40-year-old man who was previously treated for borderline leprosy and presented with a painful lump on his left ulnar nerve one year after treatment. Differential diagnoses included a post-treatment reaction nerve abscess versus a peripheral nerve tumor. Ultrasound revealed a nodule on the ulnar nerve that was surgically removed and found to be a benign schwannoma rather than a nerve abscess from leprosy. The report emphasizes that differential diagnoses including neural tumors should be considered for peripheral neuropathies in leprosy patients, as clinical features and tests may not clearly distinguish etiologies.
This case report describes a 40-year-old man who was previously treated for borderline leprosy and presented with a painful lump on his left ulnar nerve one year after treatment. Differential diagnoses included a post-treatment reaction nerve abscess versus a peripheral nerve tumor. Ultrasound revealed a nodule on the ulnar nerve that was surgically removed and found to be a benign schwannoma rather than a nerve abscess from leprosy. The report emphasizes that differential diagnoses including neural tumors should be considered for peripheral neuropathies in patients with a history of leprosy.
Leiomyoma is a benign tumor that originates from smooth
muscle cell. The most common sites are the uterus, gastrointestinal tract & skin. Leiomyoma is a relatively uncommon smooth muscle tumor rarely found in the head and neck. Enzinger and Weiss (1995), analyzed a total of 7748 leiomyomas, 95% of the tumors occurred in the female genitalia (uterus), 3% in the skin, 0.9% in the gastrointestinal tract and the remainder at various sites including skull base.
Carcinoma neuroendocrino del setto un rarissimo tumore nasaleMerqurio
This document presents a case report of a 73-year-old male with a rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the nasal septum. The patient presented with right-sided nasal obstruction, hyponasal speech, and recurrent epistaxis. Imaging showed a mass in the right nasal cavity extending to surrounding structures. The tumour was removed endoscopically and pathology confirmed a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Due to the aggressive nature of this tumour type, the patient received combined chemotherapy and radiation in addition to surgery. At a 10-month follow-up the patient remained free of disease. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare and aggressive tumour that is difficult to diagnose but requires
Carcinoma neuroendocrino del setto un rarissimo tumore nasaleMerqurio
This document presents a case report of a 73-year-old male with a rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the nasal septum. The patient presented with right-sided nasal obstruction, hyponasal speech, and recurrent epistaxis. Imaging showed a mass in the right nasal cavity extending to surrounding areas. The tumour was removed endoscopically and found to be a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Due to the aggressive nature of this tumour type, the patient received combined chemotherapy and radiation in addition to surgery. At a 10-month follow-up the patient remained free of disease. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare and aggressive
This case report describes an 84-year old female patient with a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The smears showed discohesive polygonal cells with abundant cytoplasm and eosinophilic granules. Histology confirmed a solid type neuroendocrine carcinoma with metastasis to lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for markers like chromogranin and synaptophysin. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare breast tumors that can be diagnosed on cytology by observing characteristic cytoplasmic granules, though they may otherwise appear as invasive ductal carcinoma. Recognition of this rare tumor is important for prognosis and management.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the buccal salivary glandPrashant Munde
Salivary gland swellings can result from tumors, an inflammatory process
or cysts. It can sometimes be difficult to establish; whether pathology arises
from the salivary gland itself or adjacent structures. Neoplasms of the salivary
glands account for less than 1% of all tumors, 3–5% of all head and neck
tumors and benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of minor salivary glands arising
de novo is very rare. PA is the most common tumor of the salivary gland. While
the majority arises from the parotid gland, only a small percentage arises from
the buccal minor salivary gland. A case of PA of minor salivary glands in the
buccal mucosa in a 70‑year‑old female is discussed. It includes review of
literature, clinical features, histopathology, radiological findings and treatment
of the tumor; with emphasis on diagnosis.
A large malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (mpsnt) of radial nervedhanabir thangjam
This case report describes a rare case of a large malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arising from the radial nerve in a 50-year-old woman. Imaging and biopsy initially suggested a benign nerve sheath tumor. However, surgical excision and histopathological examination confirmed a low-grade MPNST. MPNSTs are aggressive sarcomas that typically arise from large nerve trunks in the extremities. While rare, this case highlights that MPNSTs can arise from the radial nerve and emphasizes the importance of thorough histological examination for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer. It can detect thyroid nodules and characterize features that may indicate cancer. Ultrasound is also used to guide fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspicious nodules. After diagnosis, ultrasound helps stage cancer by identifying metastatic lymph nodes. It continues to be used post-operatively to monitor for recurrence. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type and usually has a good prognosis, while anaplastic is the most aggressive. Ultrasound features can suggest but not definitively diagnose different cancer types.
HemangioEndotelioma epiteloide de la silla turcaCarlos Casallo
This document describes a case report of a 53-year-old man who presented with headaches and loss of libido due to an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) tumor located in his infundibular-hypothalamic region. MRI scans showed a suprasellar mass that enhanced with contrast. A biopsy was performed via transnasal surgery which revealed EHE, a rare vascular tumor. The patient underwent radiotherapy after interferon treatment caused intolerance. On follow-up MRI the cyst portion of the tumor had regressed while the solid portion remained stable. The report reviews 23 prior cases of intracranial EHE and discusses the pathology and clinical aspects of this uncommon condition
Presentation1, radiological imaging of trigeminal schwanoma.Abdellah Nazeer
The document discusses trigeminal schwannomas, which are slow-growing tumors composed of schwann cells that occur along the trigeminal nerve. It provides details on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and radiographic features of trigeminal schwannomas. Specifically, it notes that trigeminal schwannomas most commonly present in the third to fourth decades of life and typically manifest as trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Radiographically, they often have a dumbbell appearance on MRI when extending between compartments, and demonstrate enhancement following contrast administration. The document includes several images showing examples of trigeminal schwannomas along different segments of the nerve.
This document discusses testicular tumors and lesions. It begins by stating that testicular tumors are rare but are the most common malignancy in young men aged 15-35. It then classifies testicular tumors and discusses the various types of germ cell tumors like seminomas, embryonal carcinomas, teratomas, and others. It provides ultrasound images and descriptions of the appearance of various tumors. It also covers non-germ cell tumors, secondary neoplasms, paratesticular tumors, and benign lesions like varicoceles, epididymitis, hematoceles, and spermatoceles. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, imaging appearance, and
Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. Imaging such as CT and MRI are used to determine the extent of the tumor. Histopathological examination shows small round blue cells forming rosettes. Treatment involves surgery such as craniofacial resection along with radiation therapy. For advanced disease, chemotherapy may be given as part of multimodality treatment. With aggressive treatment, 5-year survival rates for ENB exceed 60%.
Spinal cord lesions and its radiological imaging finding.Navneet Ranjan
1. The document discusses imaging approaches for evaluating intramedullary spinal cord lesions. It outlines a systematic approach including assessing the lesion length, extent of cord involvement, location within the cord, cord swelling, and enhancement characteristics.
2. Differential diagnoses discussed include demyelinating diseases, tumors, vascular causes, and infections. Specific conditions like multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, transverse myelitis, and various tumor types are described.
3. Imaging features of different pathologies are provided to help differentiate between conditions like ependymoma, astrocytoma, ganglioglioma, and hemangioblastoma.
The document discusses diffuse low grade gliomas, which are the most common type of primary brain tumor. They account for 10-20% of all primary brain tumors. Diffuse low grade gliomas grow slowly but can spread into other parts of the brain. While they are considered low grade, their diffuse infiltration makes them difficult to completely remove through surgery. Treatment options aim to slow the growth and spread of the tumor through surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or other targeted therapies.
Scrotal Masses
98-100% accuracy in distinguishing intra and extra-testicular masses.
*** Most extratesticular masses are benign & most intratesticular masses are malignant
Malignant lesions are msotly hypoechoic.
Malignant neoplasia pts usually presents as
painless , unlateral testicular mass .
Clinically it is important to differentiate between Seminomas and Non Seminomatous germ cell tumors.
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Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland - A rare entity/ diagnostic dilemma
1. Case Report
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland e A rare entity/
diagnostic dilemma
Feroz Amir Zafar a
, Ishfaque A. Geelani a
, Pravin Govardhane a
, H. Girish a
,
D.V.S.L.N. Sharma a
, V. Rajagopal a,
*, Meenakshi Swain b
, G. Swarnalatha b
a
Department of Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
b
Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 31 January 2013
Accepted 2 February 2013
Available online 9 February 2013
Keywords:
Melanotic schwannoma
Melanoma
Nerve sheath tumor
Adrenal schwannoma
a b s t r a c t
Introduction and objective: Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic
schwannoma.
Case report: A 62 years old man, a resident of Tanzania presented with 6 months history of
lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for which he was evaluated and a right adrenal mass
detected incidentally on ultrasound.
He is known case of hypertension and hypothyroidism for which he is taking regular
medications. On general examination pulse was 80/min, regular and BP was130/80 mm of
Hg. Abdominal examination was unremarkable. MDCT examination revealed a right ad-
renal mass (4 Â 4.8 cm) showing mild enhancement post contrast study with central area of
relatively less enhancement showing no significant contrast washout on delayed study.
The provisional diagnosis was ? pheochromocytoma, ? malignant. Functional study was
found to be normal. Laparoscopic exploration was done and mass excised. Gross patho-
logical examination showed a single globular circumscribed soft tissue mass measuring
4.5 Â 4 Â 3 cm and weighing 50 g with a nodular surface. The cut surface was black with
a central golden brown area measuring around 2.2 Â 1.8 cm.
A diagnosis of malignant melanoma was considered, however in view of circum-
scription bland nuclei, absent of nucleoli, very few mitoses and presence of nerve fascicles;
a diagnosis of melanotic schwannoma was favored. The patient was advised regular fol-
low-up.
Conclusion: Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal is a very rare entity and every effort should
be made to rule out melanoma.
Copyright ª 2013, Indraprastha Medical Corporation Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Melanotic schwannoma of the adrenals is a rare, accounting
for only 1e3% of all schwannomas and only 1% of all
retroperitoneal tumors.1,2
They are circumscribed but unen-
capsulated, grossly pigmented tumor, composed of cells
having the ultra structure and immunophenotype of Schwann
cells that contain melanosomes and are reactive for
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: raja_urol@rediffmail.com (V. Rajagopal).
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apme
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 0 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 7 e8 1
0976-0016/$ e see front matter Copyright ª 2013, Indraprastha Medical Corporation Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2013.02.001
2. melanoma markers. Cytological atypia is not uncommon. The
vast majority of non-psammomatous tumors affect spinal
nerves and paraspinal ganglia, whereas the psammomatous
lesions also involve autonomic nerves of viscera, such as the
intestinal tract, adrenal and heart. About 50% of patients with
psammomatous melanotic schwannoma have the rare
inherited autosomal-dominant disorder Carney complex type
Fig. 1 e CECT of abdomen & pelvis (coronal, saggital &
transverse planes) showing the right adrenal mass (white
arrow).
Fig. 2 e CECT of abdomen & pelvis (coronal, saggital &
transverse planes) showing the right adrenal mass (white
arrow).
Fig. 3 e CECT of abdomen & pelvis (coronal, saggital &
transverse planes) showing the right adrenal mass (white
arrow).
Fig. 4 e Laparoscopic views of the darkly pigmented tumor
(yellow arrow).
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 0 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 7 e8 178
3. I (CNC) characterized by facial pigmentation, Cardiac myx-
oma, and endocrine overactivity. A correct preoperative
diagnosis is difficult to make and these tumors are often
misdiagnosed as other soft tissue lesions occurring in the
retroperitoneum.
Over 80 cases of one or more tumors have been reported in
literature so far.3
We describe a case of melanotic schwan-
noma of the adrenal gland.
2. Case presentation
Sixty two years gentleman, resident of Tanzania presented
with h/o lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) since >6
months and an incidentally detected right adrenal mass. He
gave a past history of hypertension and hypothyroidism
which was under control with medications. On clinical ex-
amination, pulse e 80/min, BP e 130/80 mm of Hg. General
examination e No pallor/icterus/cyanosis/clubbing/edema
feet. P/A e soft, non-tender, no mass was palpable. In-
vestigations revealed Hb-12 g%, TLC-4100/mm,3
S. creatinine
e 1.2 mg%, RBS e 74 mg%, Metanephrines (24 h urine) e
1.0 mg/day, VMA (24 h urine) e 8.7/day, S. cortisol (dex-
amethasone suppression test) e 0.56 mg/dl. CT scan (Figs. 1e3)
showed a right adrenal mass (4 Â 4.8 cm) showing mild
enhancement post contrast study with central area of rela-
tively less enhancement showing no significant contrast wash
out on delayed study (? pheochromocytoma/? malignant).
At Laparoscopic exploration, a heterogeneous, darkly pig-
mented (almost black) unencapsulated neoplasm was found
in the right retroperitoneal space, medially displacing the
inferior vena cava and clearly separated from the kidney and
the renal vein, which are pushed downward. The tumor was
completely excised (Figs. 4 and 5).
The specimen was sent for histopathological examination.
Fig. 5 e Laparoscopic views of the darkly pigmented tumor
(yellow arrow).
Fig. 6 e Resected specimen (pigmented).
Fig. 7 e Cut section of the tumor (heterogeneous).
Fig. 8 e Low power 103 H&E stain.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 0 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 7 e8 1 79
4. 2.1. Gross description
Single globular circumscribed soft tissue measuring
4.5 Â 4 Â 3 cm & weighing 50 g. External surface was nodular
(Fig. 6). Cut surface was black with a central golden brown area
measuring around 2.2 Â 1.8 cm (Fig. 7).
2.2. Microscopically
Lobules and nests of tumor cells with large areas of necrosis
and hemorrhage. The tumor cells are spindle shaped and ar-
ranged in intersecting fascicles. Tumor cells have moderate ill
defined fibrillary cytoplasm and have elongated bland vesic-
ular nuclei with few showing nuclear grooves (Fig. 8).
Abundant brownish black pigment is seen with in tumor
cells and also within the histiocytes (Fig. 10). Few mitoses
were seen averaging 1e2/10 hpf. Prominent nuclei typical of
melanoma are not seen. Perl’s stain is positive in the pigment
in hemosiderin laden macrophages and negative in pigment
in tumor cells (Fig. 11). A few nerve fascicles are seen at the
periphery adherent to the tumor (Fig. 9).
3. Discussion
Melanotic schwannomas (MS) were first described in 1932 by
Millar.4
These tumors are rare, with approximately 80 cases
reported in the literature to date.3
Melanotic schwannomas are of neural crest origin proba-
bly caused by the neoplastic proliferation of a common pre-
cursor cell for both Schwann cells and melanocytes.5,6
Schwannoma is a neurogenic tumor usually arising between
the third and sixth decades of life, with an equal predilection
for men and women. It may occur in any organ or nerve trunk
with the exception of cranial nerves I and II, which lack
Schwann cells A preoperative diagnosis is very difficult to
make because of the lack of typical imaging features (US, CT
and MRI) that distinguish schwannomas from retroperitoneal
malignancies.7
Even with accurate preoperative imaging and
intraoperative frozen section analysis, the presence of a pos-
sible malignancy cannot be excluded, so a definitive diagnosis
can be obtained only through careful histological and immu-
nohistochemical examination. Surgical excision is considered
the treatment of choice for these tumors, which respond
poorly to radiation and chemotherapy.8
We were unable to
make a correct preoperative diagnosis. The following differ-
ential diagnosis was considered: malignant melanoma, mel-
anotic schwannoma, pigmented pheochromocytoma and
leiomyosarcoma. There was a diagnostic dilemma and ma-
lignant melanoma was strongly considered, however in a view
of the circumscription, bland nuclei, absence of nucleoli, very
few mitoses and the presence of nerve fascicles, a diagnosis of
a melanotic schwannoma was finally favored.
4. Conclusion
Melanotic schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma
composed of melanin-producing cells with ultrastructural
features of Schwann cells. Distinguishing between this tumor
and malignant melanoma is important in planning manage-
ment. Total resection should be performed. Appropriate long-
term follow-up is needed for all melanotic schwannomas.
Fig. 9 e 203 showing tumor attached to nerve fascicles.
Fig. 10 e H&E (403) e Spindle cells running in fascicles with
intracytoplasmic melanin pigment.
Fig. 11 e Immunohistochemistry showing positive S 100.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 0 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 7 e8 180
5. Conflicts of interest
All authors have none to declare.
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2. Hayasaka K, Tanaka Y, Soeda S, Huppert P, Claussen CD. MR
findings in primary retroperitoneal schwannoma. Acta Radiol.
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3. Zhang HY, Yang GH, Chen HJ, et al. Clinicopathological,
immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 13 cases of
melanotic schwannoma. Chin Med J (Engl).
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4. Millar W. Malignant melanotic tumor of the ganglion cells
arising from the thoracic sympathetic ganglion. J Pathol.
1932;35:351e357.
5. Vallat-Decouvelaere A-V, Wassef M, Lot G, et al. Spinal
melanotic schwannoma: a tumour with poor prognosis.
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6. Watson JC, Stratakis CA, Bryant-Greenwood PK, et al.
Neurosurgical implications of Carney complex. J Neurosurg.
2000;92:413e418.
7. Hughes MJ, Thomas JM, Fisher C, Moskovic EC. Imaging
features of retroperitoneal and pelvic schwannomas. Clin
Radiol. 2005;60:886e893.
8. Daneshmand S, Youssefzadeh D, Chamie K, et al. Benign
retroperitoneal schwannoma: a case series and review of the
literature. Urology. 2003;62:993e997.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 0 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 7 e8 1 81