Wind Energy Potential Assessment Preliminary Discussion Meeting Visit to Meghalaya

1. Wind Potential
Meghalaya
Dr. Siraj Ahmed
Professor, MANIT, Bhopal
21-22 November 2017

2. Contents
1. Introduction
Basics of Wind, National Scenario, Meghalaya Wind Studies, Potential
Sites, Sites already monitored, etc.
2. What is Wind Resource Assessment (WRA) and analysis?
3. Who will do WRA?
4. What is the cost of WRA?
5. Where WRA to be done?
6. How long WRA to be done? What is the Duration of measurement
campagn?
6. Who will do WRA analysis and prepare report?
7. Wind turbine selection and installation: large or small?
8. What is stand alone wind turbine and hybrid (wind + solar)
system? Specifications? Cost? Suppliers (NIWE Certified)?
Operation and maintenance?
9. Presentation (ppt) and Report preparation (doc) on above.

3. Topographic
Map of
India

4. 20 m WIND SPEED MAP

8. Today India is the 4th largest wind
market globally, with total installations
having crossed the 31GW mark in March
2017
GWEC

9. Wind Resource Potential
Assessment

10. Anemometry ?
Study of measuring,recording and analysing
the direction and speed of the wind

11. Objectives of Anemometry
► Wind speed
► Wind direction
► Air temperature
► Barometric pressure
► Precipitation
Finally, Assessing the Power in the flow of wind.
31
2
P A V

12. Steps in anemometry
• Setting up a wind-monitoring tower
• Installing anemometers at three or more heights
• Installing data logger and programming
• Collection & Recording of data
• Analysis of data

13. ANEMOMETER

14. WIND VANE or Direction Sensor

15. DATA LOGGER
• A data logger is an electronic instrument that
records measurements over time.
• They are small, battery-powered devices that
are equipped with a microprocessor, data
storage and sensor.

17. TUBULAR WIND MAST

18. LATTICE WIND MAST

23. Typical Wind Monitoring Station

25. Tower
• Lightning protection
• Secured against vandalism
• Clearly marked to avoid collisions
• Protected against corrosion
• Protected from grazing animals

26. Obstruction Effects on Airflow

27. Wind Resource
• Vertical Wind Speed Profile
• Wind Shear Exponent ()
• Weibull Parameters: Shape Parameter (k)
Scale Parameter (C)
• Turbulence Intensity (TI)
• Wind Density () and its Variation Vertically
and Seasonally
• Historical Wind Data (Fequency & Intensity of
Storms)

28. Site Characterization
• Longitude, Latidute, Average Mean Sea Level
• Available Land Area, Soil Type
• Positions of Existing Roads and Dwellings
• Type of Land Cover (e.g. Forests, Desert etc.)
• Political/Administrative Boundaries
• National Parks, Forest Reserves, Restricted Areas
• Proximity to Transmission Lines
• Location of Obstructions
• Potential Impact on Local Aesthetics
• Cellular Phone Service for Remote Data Transfers

29. Topographic Screening
Ridges oriented
perpendicular to the
prevailing wind direction
Highest Elevations
within a given area
Locations where
Local Wind can
Funnel

30. Other Associated Parameters
• Power Curve of Turbine
• Capacity Factor (CF)
• Annual Energy Production (AEP)
• Economics
• Topographical Map, Contour Map
• Roughness Class of the Site
• Grid Related Studies
• Transmission Line Map
• Approach Road
• Other Infrastructural Facilities

31. Average wind speed ??
1
1 n
m i
i
V V
n 
 
No V, m/s
1 4.3
2 4.7
3 8.3
4 6.2
5 5.9
6 9.3
Average wind speed = 6.45 m/s
 2
1
n
i m
i
V
V V
n
 




32. No V, m/s V3 P, W/m2
1 4.3 79.51 49.29
2 4.7 103.82 64.37
3 8.3 571.79 354.51
4 6.2 238.33 147.76
5 5.9 205.38 127.33
6 9.3 804.36 498.70
Average Power = 207 W/m2

33. Wind Potential is
to be Validated by
Measurement
Source: NIWE

35. Meghalaya

37. Meghalaya

38. Meghalaya

40. MNRE Annual Report 2016-17

41. NIWE Met Mast

42. NIWE Met Mast

43. Nongkhnum island is located in West Khasi Hill district 14 km from Nongstoin

44. LIST OF WIND MONITORING STATIONS WITH MAWS & MAWPD (MNRE AS ON 31.08.2017)

48. Wind Solar Hybrid System
Wind is strong in monsoon months whereas less sunlight is available
owing to cloud cover.
Peak operating times of wind and solar systems occur at different
times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce ,
Dependable power to our demands.
When neither the wind nor the solar systems are producing,
most hybrid systems provide power through the energy stored in
batteries.
If the batteries run low, the engine generator driven by conventional fuels can
also be integrated to recharge the batteries, so that continuous power will be
Supplied.

49. Example
Jamgodrani Hills
District Dewas
Madhya Pradesh

52. 8. What is stand alone wind turbine and
hybrid (wind + solar) system?
Specifications? Cost? Suppliers (NIWE
Certified)? Operation and maintenance?
Telecom Towers :–Wind-Solar hybrid systems are especially suitable for telecom
tower applications reducing the consumption of Diesel & CO2 emissions. MNRE
supports with Central Financial Assistance (Subsidy) for this application.
Rural electrification :– Schools/ village electrification, primary health centers,
pilgrimages, community centers etc
Domestic Sector :– Individual / Community / Private Houses , Bungalows, Villages ,
Resorts , Farm Houses, Hospitals , Societies, Health Centres etc.

53. Desired features of Wind + Solar Hybrid Energy
System
• No gear-box in wind turbines and NIWE empanelled
• Low cut-in wind speed hence generation starts even when wind
speed is low
• In no wind condition, works on solar energy
• Minimum maintainanace. Annual Maintenance Charges under 10 %
• Easy to install, robust, reliable and user friendly
• Roof mounted solutions possible with minimum space
requirements
• Auto change over between Renewable system and Grid Supply
possible

54. Application of Wind + Solar Hybrid
Energy System
Gram Panchayats/Local Bodies
Community Centres
Residential Houses
Farm Houses
Schools
Hospitals, Primary Health Centres
Hotels & Resorts
Industrial Units
Village Electrification
Commercial Buildings
Remote area Electrification
Water Pumping (Solar alone)

64. Meghalaya Renewable Energy Cumulative
Achievement as on 30.6.2015
Report
24x7 Power
For All
(Meghalaya)
A Joint Initiative of
Government of
India and
Government of
Meghalaya

65. PROPOSED ADDITION IN WIND
SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEM
• Total number of Solar Wind Hybrid Systems installed so far in the State is 15 Nos.
with an installed capacity of 10 KW per system.
• Inspite of the limited capacity, these systems have been of great help to the inmates
in new Institutions where they have been installed and have offered a glimpse of
the possibility of further capacity addition through these systems.
• A capacity addition of another 200 KW over the period FY 19 is proposed under the
Plan with a breakup in the cost component of 90:10 between CFA and Beneficiary
contribution at a total cost of Rs. 4 Crores.
Report
24x7 Power
For All
(Meghalaya)

66. PROPOSED ADDITION IN WIND
MONITORING ASSESSMENT STATION
So far, 7 sites have been set up in the State and a number of them have provided a useful
data about the wind potential in the different locations of the State.
Some of these Masts have since been dismantled after collecting the required data and inputs
and these have been compiled in the Ministry for future reference and records.
In this Plan it is proposed to set up another 23 such stations spread over the period
up to FY 19 with an investment of Rs. 2.76 Crores on the
basis of 90:10 Ratio between the Central and State Governments.
The primary locations proposedfor setting up of these remaining stations
are in the southern slopes of the State bordering Bangladesh.
Report
24x7 Power
For All
(Meghalaya)

67. Proposed Investment in New
Renewable Projects (in Rs Crores)
Report
24x7 Power
For All
(Meghalaya)

68. RENEWABLE INITIATIVES
Report
24x7 Power
For All
(Meghalaya)

69. Wind Lab Facility developed at MANIT, Bhopal

70. Wind flow modeling software classification
Linear Tools – WAsP, Windographer
Solving the linearized equations
Quick results, Low computation requirements
Suitable for flat terrain conditions
Not suitable for complex terrain flow modelling
Non Linear / CFD Tools – WindSim, MeteoDyn, windPRO
Solving the non-linear flow equations using CFD solvers
Separate equation for turbulence modeling
Suitable for complex terrain
Time consuming & High computation requirements
Our Lab has two standard and professional software
1. WAsP 11.0 version (Latest version)
2. windPRO 3.1

71. NEED OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE
To avoid turbine failure
To optimize maximum efficiency from wind farm
To minimize losses
To calculate Cost of Energy
For proper micro sitting of wind turbine

72. WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Programm)
In 1987 the Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics Department at Riso National Labotatory
(currently known as Denmark Technical University) introduced WAsP.
WAsP is the industry-standard software package for predicting wind climates, wind
resources, and energy yields from wind turbines and wind farms in in complex terrain to
large wind farms offshore.
This software is used for the vertical and horizontal extrapolation of wind climate statistics.
 It consist of several model:
complex terrain flow model.
roughness model.
wake model.
Figure 1. CFD modeling of wind turbine

73. windPRO 3.1 (Wind Energy Project Design & Planning)
windPRO is a module-based software package suited for project design and planning of both
single WTGs and large wind farms. windPRO software package consists of several tools,
each with specific purpose.
1. Basis
2. Energy
3. Load
4. Environmental
5. Visualization
6. Electrical
7. Operation

74. Application of WAsP 11 and windPRO 3.1
Wind farm production
Wind farm efficiency
Micro-siting of wind turbines
Power production calculations
Wind resource mapping
Wind climate estimation
Wind atlas generation
Wind data analysis
CFD Analysis
Figure 2. (a) Probability Density Function (b) Wind rose.
(a)
(b)

75. WAsP Tools
1. Observed Wind Climate (OWC) Wizard: This tools enables an analysis of any time-series of
wind measurements to provide a statistical summary of the observed, site-specific wind climate.
time-series of wind speed and direction —> observed wind climate (OWC)
2. Wind Atlas Tool (MAP EDITER): In a wind atlas data set the wind observations have been
'cleaned' with respect to site-specific conditions (roughness, obstacles).
observed wind climate + met. station site description —> regional wind climate (RWC, wind
atlas data sets)
+
Cont..

76. 3. WAsP Turbine Editor
The WAsP Turbine Editor is used in WAsP for calculating the power production of a wind turbine, as
well as the wake loss if the turbine is situated in a wind farm.
Wind turbine file input and output
input of WAsP wind turbine generator files (*.wtg)
input of WAsP power curve files (*.pow)
input of Park turbine data files (*.trb)
output of WAsP wind turbine generator files (*.wtg)
output of WAsP power curve files (*.pow)
Figure 4: The Power Curve

77. 4. Estimation of wind power potential : estimate of the actual, annual mean energy production
of a wind turbine can be obtained by providing WAsP with the power curve of the wind turbine.
predicted wind climate + power curve —> annual energy production (AEP) of wind turbine
+
= AEP
predicted wind climates + WTG characteristics —> gross annual energy production of wind farm

78. Calculation of wind farm production: The thrust coefficient curve of the wind turbine and the
wind farm layout, can finally estimate the wake losses for each turbine in a farm and thereby the net
annual energy production of each wind turbine and of the entire farm, i.e. the gross production minus
the wake losses.
predicted wind climates + WTG characteristics + wind farm layout —> wind farm wake losses
gross annual energy productions + wake losses —> net annual energy production of wind farm
Figure 4: Wake loss

79. Working with WAsP and windPRO can be Summarized as:
1. Calculating wind atlas 5. CFD Analysis
a). setting up a meteorological station a). wake analysis
b). adding wind observation b). terrain analysis
c). site description c). wind flow modeling
d). atlas calculation
2. Estimating wind power
a). setting up a turbine site
b). locating the turbine site
c). assigning the power curve
d). predicting wind climate and AEP
3. Estimating wind farm production
a). Setting up a wind farm
b). locating the turbine site
c). Assigning wind turbine generators
d). Predicting wind farm production
4. Mapping the wind resources
a). Setting up a resource grid
b). Configuring the resource grid
c). Predicting the wind resource