Forensic evidence is evidence obtained through scientific methods like ballistics, blood tests, and DNA tests. It is used in both civil and criminal court proceedings to help establish guilt or innocence. Forensic evidence can link separate crimes and help authorities narrow suspects. There are two types of medical evidence: oral and documentary. Oral evidence includes direct eyewitness testimony or related circumstances, and can be in the form of an opinion. Documentary evidence includes medical certificates of health, insanity, or death, as well as medico-legal injury reports and post-mortem reports. A medical expert giving evidence in court must take an oath to tell the truth.

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What is a Forensic Evidence, how a Medical Man has to give Evidence and how
many documentary evidence are presented by a Medical Officer during a
Criminal Trial?
MEDICO-LEGAL EVIDENCE / FORENSIC EVIDENCE:
Forensic evidence is evidence obtained by scientific methods such as ballistics, blood test, and
DNA test and used in court. Forensic evidence often helps to establish the guilt or innocence of
possible suspects. Analysis of forensic evidence is used in the investigation and prosecution of
civil as well as criminal proceedings. Forensic evidence can be used to link crimes that are
thought to be related to one another. For example, DNA evidence can link one offender to
several different crimes or crime scenes. This linking of crimes helps the police authorities to
narrow the range of possible suspects and to establish patterns of for crimes to identify and
prosecute suspects.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE LL.B. PART III
TOPIC: An Introduction to Medical Jurisprudence
1st Day Oct, 2016
Presented by: SM Zarkoon, Lecturer,
B.Sc. LL.B. LL.M. {Criminology & Law of Evidence}
University Law College Khojjak Road Quetta.

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FORM OF OATH FOR MEDICO-LEGAL EXPERT:
Oath has to be taken by every witness in the Court of Law otherwise evidence is not admissible.
The Medical Expert has to take the Oath as :
“I solemnly affirm that whatever I speak will be truth, whole truth and nothing but truth”
TYPES OF MEDICAL EVIDENCE: There are two types of Medical Evidence :
(a) Oral Evidence
(b) Documentary Evidence.
(a) ORAL EVIDENCE: This may be direct which is an evidence of the eye witness or
indirect which is related to subsidiary circumstances or associated events. It may be in the
form of an opinion. Oral evidence is more important than documentary evidence as it can
be cross-examined. However a person who gives documentary evidence may also be
called to the Court for oral evidence as well:
(b) DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE: These constitute:
(i) Medical Certificate of ill health.
(ii) Medical Certificate of insanity
(iii) Medical certificate for Death
(iv) Medico-legal Report of Injury ;
(v) Post-Mortem Reports
(vi) Dying Declaration
(vii) Dying Deposition
A medical certificate must be signed by a Registered Medical practitioner. Usually the medical
certificate is taken as a piece of evidence and the individual is not called to the Court. If the
genuineness of the certificate is doubted then the doctor can be called.

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