The document outlines the structure and functioning of courts in Pakistan, detailing the different court levels including trial courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It explains jurisdiction, the role of the Constitution, and the process of filing cases, including the importance of proper court procedures and formats. Additionally, it describes various special courts established for specific purposes such as labor disputes and arbitration.

1. Q: What are Courts and where do they come from?
Most of us have a general idea of what a court is---- It is a place where judges preside over trails.
If you want to sue someone, however, you need to know bit more than that. Such as :
 How do you find the right court?
 How many different ones are there, anyway?
 How are they Organized?
 Having found the right court, how do you figure out what to do there? How do you
find the rules that apply to that particular court?
 Do your court papers have to be in some special format in order to be accepted for
filing?
The answers to these questions vary from place to place. We begin with a number of general
principles that apply everywhere.
Such as:
 The legal Capacity of the Parties ,nature of dispute between them
 The Jurisdiction [area of authority] of the court as per law.
 The Place where cause of action occurred.
 The place of residence of parties or their business.
 The value of subject of dispute and specification of Court Fee
 Finally understanding the Court structure from Apex to the Trial Level.
 The application of Procedure for solution of the dispute.
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE , 1908, LL.B. PART III
TOPIC: An Introduction to CPC, 26th of Sep,2016
Presented by: SM Zarkoon, Lecturer,
B.Sc. LL.B. LL.M. {Criminology & Law of Evidence}
University Law College Khojjak Road Quetta.
Email: lawyer.21st@yahoo.com Ph.# 081-2843053

2. The Constitution of the land is the supreme law. The Constitution Controls all other laws.
Similarly, in a Federal system, each province {Unit} has constitution, which is the highest law of
the province or state.
The law of the land is functionalized by following the doctrine of “Separation of Powers”. To
prevent any one part of government from becoming too powerful. The functions of government
are divided among the legislative, judicial and executive branches.
In Pakistan the Parliament is responsible for making laws; the executive branch consists of
Prime-Minister and his cabinet departments, carries them out.
Courts ------The judicial branch applies the laws to individual cases, Interprets them when
dispute arise, and enforced them. Thus courts in our system are rooted directly in the
Constitution wherein the supreme court of Pakistan and High courts all provinces are established
whereof all inferior courts from District and Session are established under provincial rules as per
consistency of the constitutional dictate. However as per civil procedure, the courts themselves
make the rules under authority delegated by substance of the code and intention of the statutes.
COURTS STRUCUTRE IN PAKISTAN
The Court structure administration of justice in Pakistan is divided on three levels i.e.
1. The Trial Courts
2. The Appellate Courts
3. The Court of Last Resort
For detail analysis of court structure you can observe the following diagram with illustrations
how these courts are working as per constitution and as per rules and regulations either specified
by provincial legislatures or the High Courts of each province.

3. SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN
Supreme Court of Pakistan
U/A 175
There shall be a Supreme
Court of Pakistan,
Appointment of Justices:
U/A. 175AHIGH COURTS
Established U/A 175
and Justices are
appointed U/A 175A
“A High Court for
Each Province and a
High Court for
Islamabad Territory
DISTRICT COURTS
For Each District Demarcation in a
Province
SESSIONS COURTS
For Each Session Division in a
province
Are the
first
Appellate
Forum
for Civil
Disputes
Session
Courts
Are the
First
Appellate
In
Criminal
Cases
TRIAL COURTS (COURTS OF FIRST
INSTANCE) IN CIVIL DISPUTES
TRIAL COURTS ( COURTS OF FIRST
INSTANCE) IN CRIMINAL CASES
CIVIL COURT
CLASS-1
CIVIL COURT
CLASS-2
CIVIL COURT
CLASS-3
JUDICIAL
MAGISTRATE
CLASS 1
JUDICIAL
MAGISTRATE
CLASS-2
JUDICIAL
MAGISTRATE
CLASS-3

4. In a civil dispute a trial is always initiated from the court of lowest instance and it starts by
institution of a plaint in the relevant trial court from gross root level having territorial and
pecuniary jurisdiction. The trial starts by issuance of summons to the defendant so named with
accurate description. Trial goes through various stages and ends in form of final adjudication
inform of judgment followed by a decree and enforcement of the same.
A decree so passed by a trial court is termed “Original Decree” and is subject to be appealed by
the party not satisfied with the verdict of the inferior court. Every appellant has got two rights of
appeals, the first has to be instituted in the District Court and the Second one has to be appealed
in the High Court.
There is no right of third appeal however with special leave to appeal from the court which gave
last appellate decision, and there upon an appeal can be admitted in the Supreme Court which is
a court of Last resort.
SPECIAL COURTS:
Beside the above prescribed court structure, special courts are established under relevant laws for
special purposes such as:
a) Labor Courts,
b) Industrial Dispute Tribunal,
c) Court of Special Magistrates :
1. For consumer protection
2. For Utility Mal-practices etc
d) Arbitration Tribunals
e) ATC