Medical image processing involves acquiring medical images through modalities like X-rays, CT, MRI, using techniques like ultrasound. The images are then preprocessed, segmented, analyzed and classified to diagnose diseases or detect abnormalities. Key applications include tumor detection, monitoring bone strength, and medical image fusion to enable accurate analysis and remote sharing of data to enhance diagnosis and treatment.

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2. • INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS MEDICAL IMAGE
PROCESSING(MIP)?
• IMAGING MODALITIES AND THEIR SHORT
DESCRIPTION
• MAIN COMPONENTS OF MIP
• APPLICATIONS OF MEDICAL
INDUSTRIES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• QUESTIONS
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3.  Based on digital imaging techniques, the entire
spectrum of digital image processing is now
applicable to the study of medicine. The commonly
used term “medical image processing" means the
provision of digital image processing for medicine.
 Medical image processing deals with the development
of problem-specific approaches to the enhancement of
raw medical image data for the purposes of selective
visualization as well as further analysis.
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4.  The study of medical imaging is concerned with
interaction of all forms of radiation with
tissue.
 The development of appropriate technology to
extract clinically useful information, usually in
the form of an image from the observed
technology.
 Non-invasive visualization of internal organs, tissues
etc.
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5.  Many different imaging techniques have been
developed and are in clinical use. In practice they are
complementary in that they offer different insights into
the same underlying reality.
 In medical imaging, these different imaging techniques
are called modalities.
 Anatomical modalities provide insight into the
anatomical morphology.
 They include:
 Projection x-ray or radiography
 Ultrasound (US)
 Computed tomography (CT)
 Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI)
 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
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6.  Functional modalities, on the other hand, depict the
metabolism of the underlying tissues or organs.
 They include:
 Nuclear magnetic resonance
 Single photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT)
 Positron emission tomography (PET)
 Functional magnetic resonance imagery (FMRI)
 Fundus photography
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7.  This is more commonly known as X-ray technology.
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8.  Usually a ultrasound is the imaging solution for
examining fetuses within the womb.
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9.  CT scans utilize X-rays to produce images of the inside
of the body while MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
uses powerful magnetic fields and radio frequency
pulses to produce detailed pictures of organs and other
internal body structures.
 CT scans use radiation (X-rays), and MRIs do not.
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10.  Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that
uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose
and determine the severity of or treat a variety of
diseases, including many types of cancers, heart
disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological
disorders and other abnormalities within the body.
 Nuclear Imaging is two types :
 Positron emission tomography (PET)
 Single photon emission computed
tomography(SPECT)
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PET SPECT
It emits positrons It emits gamma radiations.
Higher resolution Lower resolution
High sensitivity Low sensitivity
Limited half life of radio isotopes Longer lived radio isotopes
High cost Less cost
Cardiology, neurology and oncology
use PET scanning
It provide information about blood
flow to tissue

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13. ACQUISITION
PROCESSING
VISUALIZING/
REPORTING
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PRE -PROCESSING
SEGMENTATION
DETECTION
ANALYSIS
CLASSIFICATION/
DIAGNOSIS

14.  It is defined as the action of retrieving an image from some
source, usually a hardware-based source.
 Performing image acquisition is the first step in the workflow
sequence because, without an image, no processing is
possible.
 The image that is acquired is completely unprocessed and
is the result of whatever hardware was used to generate it.
 For example: X-RAY, MRI, CT, MRA, PET, MAMMOGRAM,
ULTRASOUND and more.
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 Filtering
 Image denoising
 Image registreation
 Image enhancement

16.  Median filter
 Mean filter
 Wavelet based denoising
 Wavelet based image registration
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17.  Image segmentation is
a task of splitting a
digital image into one
or more regions of the
interests.
 Techniques are:
 Region based
segmentation
 Data clustering
 Edge based
segmentation
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 K-means clustering
 Fuzzy technique
 Neuro fuzzy
 Neural network
based
 Snake algorithm
 Thresholding based

19.  Image detection and recognition deals with the problem
of detecting a certain element in a medical image.
 It finds location of objects of interest without prior
knowledge of about their location or existence.
 Bones
 Organs
 Polyps in colon
 Nodules in lungs
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20.  Image analysis includes all the steps of processing,
which are used for quantitative measurements as well
as abstract interpretations of medical images.
 The process of image analysis is very specific, precise,
fast and developed algorithms can be transferred
directly to application domains.
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21.  Medical image classification is one of the most
important problems in the image recognition area, and
its aim is to classify medical images into different
categories to help doctors in disease diagnosis or
further research.
 Comparison of developed atlases
 Use of knowledge databases
 Classify the normal/abnormal objects
 Determine the disease
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22.  Medical image compression
 Medical image denoising
 Image filtering
 Medical image retrieval
 Mammograms
 Tumor detection
 Medical image fusion
 Monitoring bone strength
 Tortuosity or integrated curvature
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 In medical sciences, image processing has enabled for
accurate and fast quantitative analysis and visualization
of medical images of numerous modalities.
 It has also enabled doctors and researchers at remote
sites to easily share data and analyze, thereby
enhancing their ability to diagnose, monitor and treat
various medical disorders.
 It also helps in the field of image-based surgeries.

24.  YouTube video lectures
 https://www.slideshare.net/priyanka1194/biomedical
-image-processing-ppt
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32092101
1_Medical_Image_Processing-An_Introduction
 https://www.slideshare.net/gichelleamon/medical-
image-analysis
 https://www.slideshare.net/padavek/1-1334081
 https://www.powershow.com/view/11c00d-
NGIwO/Medical_Image_Processing_powerpoint_pp
t_presentation
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