Mediastinum
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The mediastinum is the area located between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains various structures including the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and the azygos vein system. The azygos vein system drains deoxygenated blood from parts of the chest wall and thoracic organs into the superior vena cava.
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Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
Anatomy of mediastinum
The mediastinum is the region in the chest between the lungs containing the heart and other organs. It is bounded anteriorly by the sternum, posteriorly by the vertebral column and paravertebral fascia, superiorly by the thoracic inlet, inferiorly by the diaphragm, and laterally by the mediastinal pleura.
mediastinum
Mediastinum is the space present in the thoracic cavity
.Two divisions of the mediastinum -- Superior and inferior are shown with relations, contents and boundaries in three dimension.
Inferior mediastinum has three divisions - anterior, middle and posterior,Relations and contents and boundaries are shown
.Applied aspects like - mediatinities and mediasinal syndrome. is written.
This is useful for undergraduate students
THORAX OS powerpoint
The document summarizes the anatomy of the thorax. It contains:
- The thorax is bounded superiorly by the root of the neck and inferiorly by the diaphragm. It contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- The mediastinum is the thick soft tissue partition that separates the two pleural cavities and contains the heart and other structures.
- The lungs are enclosed in pleural cavities and separated from each other by the mediastinum.
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
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The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Anatomy of Pericardium
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium further divides into the parietal pericardium fused to the fibrous layer and the visceral pericardium lining the fibrous layer and covering the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity lubricated with fluid. The pericardium supports and protects the heart, and its layers are supplied by nerves and blood vessels.
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Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
Anatomy of mediastinum
The mediastinum is the region in the chest between the lungs containing the heart and other organs. It is bounded anteriorly by the sternum, posteriorly by the vertebral column and paravertebral fascia, superiorly by the thoracic inlet, inferiorly by the diaphragm, and laterally by the mediastinal pleura.
mediastinum
Mediastinum is the space present in the thoracic cavity
.Two divisions of the mediastinum -- Superior and inferior are shown with relations, contents and boundaries in three dimension.
Inferior mediastinum has three divisions - anterior, middle and posterior,Relations and contents and boundaries are shown
.Applied aspects like - mediatinities and mediasinal syndrome. is written.
This is useful for undergraduate students
THORAX OS powerpoint
The document summarizes the anatomy of the thorax. It contains:
- The thorax is bounded superiorly by the root of the neck and inferiorly by the diaphragm. It contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- The mediastinum is the thick soft tissue partition that separates the two pleural cavities and contains the heart and other structures.
- The lungs are enclosed in pleural cavities and separated from each other by the mediastinum.
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
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The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Anatomy of Pericardium
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium further divides into the parietal pericardium fused to the fibrous layer and the visceral pericardium lining the fibrous layer and covering the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity lubricated with fluid. The pericardium supports and protects the heart, and its layers are supplied by nerves and blood vessels.
arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins at the level of the sternal angle and arches over the root of the left lung in the superior mediastinum. It begins as the continuation of the ascending aorta and passes up, back, and left before turning backwards and downwards to become the descending aorta at the level of T4. It has anterior relations to the left lung and pleura and posterior relations to the trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct. Its branches include the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
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Pleura
The pleura consists of two layers - the parietal pleura which lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm, and the visceral pleura which covers the lungs. Between these two layers is a potential space called the pleural cavity, which contains pleural fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the lungs to slide smoothly against the chest wall during respiration. The pleura has several recesses that allow for full expansion of the lungs during deep inspiration.
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Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the central partition that divides the chest cavity into left and right halves. It contains structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, and lymph nodes. The mediastinum is further divided into superior, inferior (which includes middle and anterior/posterior divisions), and each section contains different tissues such as arteries, veins, nerves related to the structures in that region. Conditions like mediastinitis or tumors can develop in the mediastinum and cause complications through compression of nearby structures.
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Subclavian artery and it's branches
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2 david sutton pictures
This document contains descriptions and images of normal mediastinal anatomy as seen on CT scans at different levels. It also contains images and descriptions of various pathological conditions that can affect the mediastinum, including tumors, cysts, hernias and inflammatory/infectious diseases. The images are accompanied by brief clinical histories and details on diagnostic findings and confirmation for each case.
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arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins at the level of the sternal angle and arches over the root of the left lung in the superior mediastinum. It begins as the continuation of the ascending aorta and passes up, back, and left before turning backwards and downwards to become the descending aorta at the level of T4. It has anterior relations to the left lung and pleura and posterior relations to the trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct. Its branches include the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
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Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books..thank you..!
mediastinum
The document discusses the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs. It is divided into superior, anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. The superior mediastinum contains structures such as the thymus gland, great vessels like the superior vena cava and aorta, and nerves like the vagus nerve. The anterior mediastinum contains the thymus gland in children and structures related to the heart. The middle mediastinum contains the heart enclosed in the pericardium. The posterior mediastinum contains the esophagus and descending aorta along with nerves and lymph nodes. Mediastinitis is an infection of the mediastinum which can
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the heart, including descriptions of the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, valves, conducting system, and blood supply. Key points include that the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins and pumps to the left ventricle. The right ventricle pumps to the pulmonary trunk while the left ventricle pumps to the aorta. Semilunar valves are located at the pulmonary trunk and aorta while atrioventricular valves are located between the atria and
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The document summarizes the histology of the cardiovascular system. It describes the main components of the system including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins and the heart. It explains that arteries bring blood from the heart to tissues, arterioles divide to form capillary networks that pervade tissues, and veins collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart. It provides details on the layers of arteries and veins as well as cell types in capillaries and sinusoids. In addition, it outlines the layers of the heart and specialized Purkinje fibers for heart conduction. Finally, it briefly discusses atherosclerotic lesions in arteries.
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This document provides information about the anatomy and structures of the right and left atria of the heart. It discusses the key internal features of each atrium, including chambers, valves, veins and arteries, muscle structures, and other anatomical landmarks. It also briefly explains some clinical significance of atrial structures, mentioning how abnormalities like atrial septal defects or atrial fibrillation can impact blood flow and cardiac output. The document aims to educate the reader on the basic internal structures of the atria and their relationships to clinical functions.
The pleurae
The document discusses the pleurae, which are thin membranes that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity. It describes the two layers - the parietal pleura covering the thoracic wall and the visceral pleura covering the lungs. Between these layers is the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of fluid and allows the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. The document outlines the structure and supply of the pleurae and conditions like pneumothorax that can occur when air enters the pleural space.
Pleura
The pleura consists of two layers - the parietal pleura which lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm, and the visceral pleura which covers the lungs. Between these two layers is a potential space called the pleural cavity, which contains pleural fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the lungs to slide smoothly against the chest wall during respiration. The pleura has several recesses that allow for full expansion of the lungs during deep inspiration.
Brachial artery,radial & ulnar artery,plamar arches
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Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the central partition that divides the chest cavity into left and right halves. It contains structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, and lymph nodes. The mediastinum is further divided into superior, inferior (which includes middle and anterior/posterior divisions), and each section contains different tissues such as arteries, veins, nerves related to the structures in that region. Conditions like mediastinitis or tumors can develop in the mediastinum and cause complications through compression of nearby structures.
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The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body. It can be divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The aortic arch arises from the ascending aorta and curves superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before descending as the thoracic aorta. It gives off three branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The thoracic aorta continues down through the thoracic cavity and passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
6. Pleura and lung
The document summarizes the anatomy of the pleura and lungs. It describes the pleura as a membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity. It has a parietal layer on the chest wall and visceral layer covering the lungs. The two layers form a pleural cavity containing pleural fluid. Each lung is cone-shaped and divided into lobes separated by fissures. The lungs receive deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary arteries and return oxygenated blood to the heart via pulmonary veins. Lymph drains from the lungs through plexuses and nodes in the hilum. The lungs are innervated by the pulmonary plexus and have segments supplied by segmental bronchi, arteries and veins.
Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta originates at the T12 vertebrae and runs downward in front of the lumbar vertebrae, terminating at the L4 vertebrae by dividing into the common iliac arteries. It gives off several unpaired branches including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. It also provides paired arteries such as the inferior phrenic, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, lumbar, and common iliac arteries that supply the abdominal organs and structures.
Anatomy of Heart..!!
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the heart. It describes the heart as a hollow muscular organ divided into four chambers - the right and left atria and ventricles. Each chamber is then described in detail, including its size, location within the heart, internal structures like valves and openings, and relations to other cardiovascular structures. Key components summarized include the four chambers, their internal structures like valves and openings, and basic relations to surrounding areas in the thoracic cavity.
Internal thoracic ( mammary ) artery
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Internal thoracic ( mammary ) artery
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BRANCHES
Thymic Artery
The Xiphoid branch
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The Pericardiacophrenic branch
Anterior intercostal branches
Perforating branches
Musculophrenic artery
Superior Epigastric Artery
Clinical significance
Carotid Arteries (Anatomy of the Neck)
The document describes the common carotid artery and its branches. It discusses the course and relations of the common carotid artery as it divides into the external and internal carotid arteries. It then focuses on the internal carotid artery, describing its course through the neck and skull. It outlines the branches and distributions of the external carotid artery.
Arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins behind the upper border of the second right sternochondral joint and arches over the root of the left lung before ending at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has anterior relations including nerves and veins and posterior relations such as the trachea and esophagus. Its main branches are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Developmental anomalies of the arch of the aorta include right sided aortic arch, double aortic arch, abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery, and coarctation of the aorta.
Muscles and nerves in the thoracic wall
The document describes the muscles and nerves of the thoracic wall. It discusses the three layers of intercostal muscles - external, internal, and innermost. It also describes the intercostal nerves, noting the typical arrangement from T3-T6, and variations in other regions. Finally, it discusses the diaphragm muscle, its origins along the ribs and vertebrae, openings, nerve supply, and role in respiration.
7. Development of veins.
The document summarizes the development of the major veins in the human embryo. In the 5th week, the vitelline, umbilical and cardinal veins are distinguished. The vitelline veins carry blood from the yolk sac to the liver and form parts of the portal vein and inferior vena cava. The umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver via the ductus venosus. The cardinal veins initially drain the embryo but are later replaced by the subcardinal, supracardinal and sacrocardinal veins, which form parts of the major veins like the renal vein, inferior vena cava and common iliac veins.
Subclavian artery and it's branches
The main arterial supply to the upper limb begins with the subclavian artery. It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and directly from the aorta on the left. The subclavian artery passes lateral to the anterior surface of the cervical pleura and becomes the axillary artery at the outer border of the first rib. It gives off several branches that supply the neck, thorax and upper limb including the vertebral, internal thoracic, and thyrocervical trunks. The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall and is often used in coronary bypass grafts.
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Brachial artery,radial & ulnar artery,plamar arches
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2 david sutton pictures
This document contains descriptions and images of normal mediastinal anatomy as seen on CT scans at different levels. It also contains images and descriptions of various pathological conditions that can affect the mediastinum, including tumors, cysts, hernias and inflammatory/infectious diseases. The images are accompanied by brief clinical histories and details on diagnostic findings and confirmation for each case.
The mediastinum BY Dr Nikhil Bansal
The document discusses mediastinal masses. It begins by defining the mediastinum and its boundaries. It then discusses approaches to evaluating mediastinal masses including distinguishing their location based on chest x-ray findings. Common masses are then reviewed for each compartment - anterior, middle, and posterior. Anterior masses include thymoma, teratoma, thyroid goiter, and lymphoma. Middle masses include adenopathy, primary neoplasms, aneurysms, and abnormalities. Posterior masses are often neural tumors, but can also include vertebral abscesses or vascular structures. Example cases are provided to demonstrate key radiographic findings.
Mediastinal Mass
Mediastinal masses can occur in the anterior, middle, or posterior mediastinum. Common anterior mediastinal masses include thymoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and thyroid tumors. Middle mediastinal masses may include bronchogenic cysts or enlarged thyroid tumors. Posterior mediastinal masses are often neurogenic tumors, esophageal tumors, or hiatal hernias. Imaging with CT scan and biopsy are used to identify mass characteristics and guide management, which could include surgical excision or biopsy depending on the suspected malignancy risk. Complications of mediastinal mass surgery include increased risks of morbidity due to potential airway obstruction.
Radiology day 3 mediastinal anatomy
The document discusses the anatomy and divisions of the mediastinum. It is divided into superior and inferior mediastinum by an imaginary line passing through the sternal angle anteriorly and lower border of the 4th thoracic vertebra posteriorly. The inferior mediastinum is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. Each compartment contains different structures like blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes. Common tumors in different mediastinal compartments are also mentioned. Radiological anatomy and signs to locate mediastinal masses are described along with epidemiology of mediastinal tumors.
Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the central portion of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs. It is divided into the superior mediastinum above the sternal angle and inferior mediastinum below. The inferior mediastinum is further divided into the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum, with the middle mediastinum containing the heart and pericardium.
Mediastinum-RADIOLOGY
This document summarizes the anatomy and radiographic appearance of structures in the mediastinum. It describes the boundaries and contents of the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. Key structures discussed include the anterior and posterior junction lines, right paratracheal stripe, azygoesophageal recess, and paraspinal lines. Common masses and abnormalities that can involve each mediastinal compartment are also reviewed.
Mediastinum
The document describes the anatomy and divisions of the mediastinum. It notes that the mediastinum is the central partition in the chest that contains structures like the heart, great vessels, trachea and esophagus. It divides the mediastinum into superior, anterior, middle and posterior compartments. The anterior mediastinum contains the thymus gland while the middle mediastinum contains the heart and pericardium. Various radiographic signs of mediastinal structures are also described.
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The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using two types of circulation - systemic and pulmonary. Systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. The circulatory system is made up of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, with each vessel type having distinct wall structures and characteristics that aid in blood flow and transport. Diseases like hemorrhage, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis and blocked coronary arteries can impact the circulatory system.
Anterior compartment of arm
Los músculos, nervios y vasos sanguíneos principales del antebrazo anterior incluyen el músculo coracobraquial, el bíceps braquial y el braquial, así como la arteria braquial y sus ramas principales que suministran sangre a la región.
Ankle joint 09 12-2016
The ankle joint connects the lower leg and foot, and contains ligaments that support the joint along with arterial and nerve supplies. It allows for plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion movements. Common injuries include ankle sprains which damage ligaments, and fractures such as Pott's fracture which breaks the fibula bone below the knee. The subtalar joint below the ankle aids additional motion between the leg and foot.
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Mediastinum
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