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Types of mass media
1. Print (Newspapers, magazines,
opinion journals)
2. Broadcast (network TV, radio)
3. Internet – blogs, Twitter, etc.
“New media” – cable and satellite-
“digital divide” in Internet use for
political news
Trends
• Newspapers and TV are declining as
news sources, Internet rising 2009
• But when Americans go on Internet, the
majority of the sites they go on are
owned by “old” media: major TV
network news sites, local and national
newspaper sites. Blogs are less than
25% of the news consumed online.
American broadcast media
• Versus other countries: privately owned,
not government owned
• Implications of private ownership:
– More freedom, less government control
over content
– Priorities strongly influenced by
dependence on ad revenue: need to attract
big audiences, keep them entertained
How does federal government
regulate the media?
• Federal Communication Commission
(created 1934)
– Equal time rule: any broadcast station that
give/sells time to candidate must make
equal time available to opponent(s)
– Fairness doctrine – broadcasters must give
time to opposing views if broadcast a
program slanted to one side of a
controversial issue (no longer in effect)
Functions of media
• Reporting the news
• Interpreting the news
• Influencing citizens’ opinions
• Setting the political agenda
• Gatekeeper function (channels the
news flow that reaches the public)
How does media influence
public opinion?
• Agenda setting – telling citizens
what to think about -studies by
Iyengar and Kinder
• Priming – affect standards
people use to evaluate political
figures or problems
• Framing – what you emphasize
or de-emphasize in a story
BIAS
–Partisan? Old days/today…
–Ideological bias: liberal or
conservative? (surveys …
but…
– Negativity and cynicism
–Emphasis on conflict
–Emphasis on the president
and personalities v. policy

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media.ppt

  • 1. Types of mass media 1. Print (Newspapers, magazines, opinion journals) 2. Broadcast (network TV, radio) 3. Internet – blogs, Twitter, etc. “New media” – cable and satellite- “digital divide” in Internet use for political news
  • 2. Trends • Newspapers and TV are declining as news sources, Internet rising 2009 • But when Americans go on Internet, the majority of the sites they go on are owned by “old” media: major TV network news sites, local and national newspaper sites. Blogs are less than 25% of the news consumed online.
  • 3. American broadcast media • Versus other countries: privately owned, not government owned • Implications of private ownership: – More freedom, less government control over content – Priorities strongly influenced by dependence on ad revenue: need to attract big audiences, keep them entertained
  • 4. How does federal government regulate the media? • Federal Communication Commission (created 1934) – Equal time rule: any broadcast station that give/sells time to candidate must make equal time available to opponent(s) – Fairness doctrine – broadcasters must give time to opposing views if broadcast a program slanted to one side of a controversial issue (no longer in effect)
  • 5. Functions of media • Reporting the news • Interpreting the news • Influencing citizens’ opinions • Setting the political agenda • Gatekeeper function (channels the news flow that reaches the public)
  • 6. How does media influence public opinion? • Agenda setting – telling citizens what to think about -studies by Iyengar and Kinder • Priming – affect standards people use to evaluate political figures or problems • Framing – what you emphasize or de-emphasize in a story
  • 7. BIAS –Partisan? Old days/today… –Ideological bias: liberal or conservative? (surveys … but… – Negativity and cynicism –Emphasis on conflict –Emphasis on the president and personalities v. policy