Media and Political Culture - Law & Politics
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Much of politics takes place in our heads; that is, it is shaped by our ideas, values and assumptions about how society should be organized, and our expectations, hopes and fears about government. Ultimately, what we believe about the society in which we live may be more important than the reality of its power structure, and the actual distribution of resources and opportunities within it. Perception may not only be more important than reality; in practical terms, perception may be reality. This highlights the vital role played by what is called 'political culture'. People's beliefs, symbols and values structure both their attitude to the political process and, crucially, their view of the regime in which they live. However, there is significant disagreement about the nature and role of the political culture, not least over whether it sustains democracy or is aligned with the interests of dominant groups. Others have highlighted concerns about the political culture's (apparently) declining capacity to foster civic engagement and a sense of social belonging. The issue of the political culture also draws attention to extent to which the politics of modern societies is conducted through the media – newspapers, television, the internet, mobile phones and so on. The media constitute much more than a channel of communications; they are part of the political process itself, affecting, and not merely reflecting, the distribution of power in society at large. Long-standing debate about the media's relationship with democracy and styles of governance have been given a fresh twist by the advent of electronic-based 'new' media, while media influence generally has been associated with a growing emphasis in politics on 'news management' and what is called 'spin'. The mass media has affected governance in various ways. These include that they have transformed political leadership and, in the process, reapportioned government power. They have also changed the political culture and, some have warned, contributed to declining respect for politicians and politics in general. Finally, the growing influence of the media is evident in a policy-making process that has to react more rapidly and make sense of a vast amount of information
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Nations and Nationalism - Law & Politics
Nations are defined by a combination of cultural and political factors. Culturally, they are groups of people who are bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions. Ultimately, however, nations define themselves through the existence of a shared civic consciousness, classically expressed as the desire to achieve or maintain statehood.
Distinctive cultural and political forms of nationalism can be identified. Cultural nationalism emphasizes the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization on the basis of a belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole. Political nationalism, on the other hand, recognizes the nation as a discrete political com munity, and is thus linked with ideas such as sovereignty and self-determination
There have been a number of contrasting manifestations of political nationalism. Liberal nationalism is based on a belief in a universal right to self-determination. Conservative nationalism values the capacity of national patriotism to deliver social cohesion and political unity. Expansionist nationalism is a vehicle for aggression and imperial conquest. Anticolonial nationalism is associated with the struggle for national liberation, often fused with the quest for social development
The nation-state now confronts a number of challenges. Nation-states have been subject to centrifugal pressures generated by the growth in ethnic politics. Extern ally, they have confronted challenges from the growing power of supranational bodies, the advance of economic and cultural globalization, and the need to find international solutions to the environmental crisis
Accounting Cycle - Ledgers - Capturing accounting event
What is a general ledger account?
A general ledger account is an account or record used to sort and store balance sheet and income statement transactions. Examples of general ledger accounts include the asset accounts such as Cash, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, Investments, Land, and Equipment. Examples of the general ledger liability accounts include Notes Payable, Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses Payable, and Customer Deposits. Examples of income statement accounts found in the general ledger include Sales, Service Fee Revenues, Salaries Expense, Rent Expense, Advertising Expense, Interest Expense, and Loss on Disposal of Assets.
Some general ledger accounts are summary records which are referred to as control accounts. The detail that supports each of the control accounts will be found outside of the general ledger in what is known as a subsidiary ledger. For example, Accounts Receivable could be a control account in the general ledger, and there will be a subsidiary ledger which contains each customer's credit activity. The general ledger accounts Inventory, Equipment, and Accounts Payable could also be control accounts and for each there will be a subsidiary ledger containing the supporting detail.
Democracy and Legitmacy - Law & Politics
Legitimacy maintains political stability because it establishes a regime's right to rule, and so underpins the regime's authority over its people. Legitimacy may be based on traditional, charismatic or legal–rational authority. Nevertheless, structural imbalances in modern society may make it increasingly difficult to maintain legitimacy. Legitimation crises may arise from the conflict between the pressure for social and economic interventionism generated by democracy on the one hand, and the pressure generated by market economy on the other.
There is considerable controversy about how liberal-democratic systems work in practice. Pluralists praise the system's capacity to guarantee popular responsiveness and public accountability. Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a privileged minority. Corporatists draw attention to the incorporation of groups into government. The New Right focuses on the dangers of 'democratic overload'. And Marxists point to tensions between democracy and capitalism.There are a number of rival models of democracy, each offering its own version of popular rule. Classical democracy, which is based on the political system of Ancient Athens, is defended on the grounds that it alone guarantees government by the people. Protective democracy gives citizens the greatest scope to live their lives as they choose. Developmental democracy has the virtue that, in extending participation, it widens liberty and fosters personal growth. People's democracy aims to achieve economic emancipation, rather than merely the extension of political rights.
Basic of Financial Accounting - Easy Notes
These notes will provide you understanding basic of financial accounting
Financial accounting is a specialized branch of accounting that keeps track of a company's financial transactions. Using standardized guidelines, the transactions are recorded, summarized, and presented in a financial report or financial statement such as an income statement or a balance sheet.
Companies issue financial statements on a routine schedule. The statements are considered external because they are given to people outside of the company, with the primary recipients being owners/stockholders, as well as certain lenders. If a corporation's stock is publicly traded, however, its financial statements (and other financial reportings) tend to be widely circulated, and information will likely reach secondary recipients such as competitors, customers, employees, labor organizations, and investment analysts.
It's important to point out that the purpose of financial accounting is not to report the value of a company. Rather, its purpose is to provide enough information for others to assess the value of a company for themselves.If financial accounting is going to be useful, a company's reports need to be credible, easy to understand, and comparable to those of other companies. To this end, financial accounting follows a set of common rules known as accounting standards or generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP, pronounced "gap").
Political Ideas and Ideologies - Law & Politics
Ideology is a controversial political term that has often carried pejorative implications. In the social-scientific sense, a political ideology is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides a basis for organized political action. Its central features are an account of existing power relationships, a model of a desired future, and an outline of how political change can and should be brought about. Ideologies link political theory with political practice. On one level, ideologies resemble political philosophies, in that they constitute a collection of values, theories and doctrines; that is, a distinctive world-view. On another level, however, they take the form of broad political movements, and are articulated through the activities of political leaders, parties and groups
Every ideology can be associated with a characteristic set of principles and ideas. Although these ideas 'hang together', in the sense that they interlock in distinctive ways, they are systematic or coherent only in a relative sense. All ideologies thus embody a range of rival traditions and internal tensions. Conflict within ideologies is thus sometimes more passionate than that between ideologies.
Informal Reports - Progress Report - Information Reports - Feasibility Report...
Ten Keys to Designing Better Documents
The differences between formal and informal reports include tone, structure, scope, content and purpose. Another difference is that formal reports are often used in academic papers or to provide a lengthy overview of a major change or development within a business, while informal reports are used for shorter documents, such as memos and newsletters. Consequently, formal reports are more detailed than informal reports.Formal reports have a set structure: an introduction, body and conclusion. However, informal reports can be structured in any way. Formal reports also have a formal tone and use third-person narrative, while most informal reports use first- or second-person narrative. Although some informal reports use a professional tone, it is not required in many cases.
The scope of informal and formal reports is another major difference. Formal reports analyze a specific topic in great detail. On the other hand, informal reports are often very brief and only include the most relevant information.
Formal reports also provide evidence to back up the information in the report. Since informal reports are brief, this is not included in this type of report. Formal reports usually include citations for the sources used to generate the report. Charts, graphs and statistical information are also common components of formal reports. This information provides evidence and summarizes the findings of the report.
Accounting Cycle- Accruals and Defferls- Adjusting entries
An accrual occurs before a payment or receipt. A deferral occurs after a payment or receipt. There are accruals for expenses and for revenues. There are deferrals for expenses and for revenues.
An accrual of an expense refers to the reporting of an expense and the related liability in the period in which they occur, and that period is prior to the period in which the payment is made. An example of an accrual for an expense is the electricity that is used in December, but the payment will not be made until January.
An accrual of revenues refers to the reporting of revenues and the related receivables in the period in which they are earned, and that period is prior to the period of the cash receipt. An example of the accrual of revenues is the interest earned in December on an investment in a government bond, but the interest will not be received until January.
A deferral of an expense refers to a payment that was made in one period, but will be reported as an expense in a later period. An example is the payment in December for the six-month insurance premium that will be reported as an expense in the months of January through June.
A deferral of revenues refers to receipts in one accounting period, but they will be earned in future accounting periods. For example, the insurance company has a cash receipt in December for a six-month insurance premium. However, the insurance company will report this as part of its revenues in January through June.
Interviewing and Follow-Up Messages
These slides will help you preparing for an interview.
Following up after a job interview is an important, yet often overlooked, part of the job search process. It allows you to thank the interviewer for his or her time while also reiterating your interest in the job and your potential to positively contribute to the company. However, following-up can be a delicate process and going about it the wrong way can actually hurt your chances. This article will address the most appropriate way to follow-up after a job interview to help you stand out from the other job applicants.
If the interviewer does not offer a timeline for their decision-making process, you are perfectly entitled to ask for one. Find out when they expect to let candidates know their decision, who in the company will be contacting the candidates (interviewer, HR manager), and through what means - email, phone call or letter.
This will give you the person’s correct contact information, including name, title, mailing address and email address, which will save you time when you are sending your thank you note and letter.You should do this as soon after the interview as possible, from your smartphone on the way out of the building, as soon as you get home, or at least the same evening as the interview. This shows the interviewer that you are both enthusiastic and organized and ensures that they will not forget you as a candidate.
Accounting Cycle - Trial Balance - Easy Accounting
1. The accounting cycle involves journalizing transactions, posting entries to ledger accounts, preparing a trial balance to check that debits equal credits, making adjustments, and generating financial statements.
2. A trial balance lists accounts and balances to prove that total debits equal total credits, but it does not guarantee the ledger is correct as errors can still exist.
3. Net income represents the increase in owners' equity from profits over the lifetime of a business, and is reflected in the Retained Earnings account rather than as an asset.
Pop Culture and the Media
A general overview of culture, pop culture, fads, trends, and zeitgeist in the media. Includes a quick look at the top five global brands. Created for education in media studies.
Persuasive Resume - Cover Letter - Job Letter Writing
these slides will help you writing persuasive cover letter, resume and job letter.
Job seekers frequently send a cover letter along with their curriculum vitae or applications for employment as a way of introducing themselves to potential employers and explaining their suitability for the desired positions. Employers may look for individualized and thoughtfully written cover letters as one method of screening out applicants who are not sufficiently interested in their positions or who lack necessary basic skills.
The functional résumé is used to focus on skills that are specific to the type of position being sought. This format directly emphasizes specific professional capabilities and utilizes experience summaries as its primary means of communicating professional competency. In contrast, the chronological résumé format will briefly highlight these competencies prior to presenting a comprehensive timeline of career growth through reverse chronological listings, with the most recent experience listed first. The functional résumé works well for those making a career change, having a varied work history or with little work experience. A functional résumé is also preferred for applications to jobs that require very specific skills or clearly defined personality traits. A functional résumé is a good method for highlighting particular skills or experiences, especially when those particular skills or experiences may have derived from a role which was held some time ago. Rather than focus on the length of time that has passed, the functional résumé allows the reader to identify those skills quickly.
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Accounting Cycle - Journals - Capturing accounting event
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Accounting Cycle - Ledgers - Capturing accounting event
Informal Reports - Progress Report - Information Reports - Feasibility Report...
Informal Reports - Progress Report - Information Reports - Feasibility Report...
Accounting Cycle- Accruals and Defferls- Adjusting entries
Accounting Cycle- Accruals and Defferls- Adjusting entries
Accounting Cycle - Trial Balance - Easy Accounting
Accounting Cycle - Trial Balance - Easy Accounting
Persuasive Resume - Cover Letter - Job Letter Writing
Persuasive Resume - Cover Letter - Job Letter Writing
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 2. • Almond and Verba (1963, 1980) identified 3 types of political culture: • PARTICIPANT: citizens play close attention to politics and regard popular participation as desirable and useful • SUBJECT: characterized by more passivity of citizens and a recognition of little ability to influence government • PAROCHIAL: marked by the absence of a sense of citizenship, with people identifying more with their locality than their nation Civic culture
- 3. • PLURALIST: an ideological marketplace in which a wide range of political views are debated • DOMINANT-IDEOLOGY: a politically conservative force, aligned to the interests of economic and social elites • ELITE-VALUES: media’s political bias reflects the values of groups that are disproportionately represented among its senior professionals • MARKET: the media reflects rather than shapes the views of the general public Models of the mass media
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