MECHATRONICS UNIT I Sensor and transducers
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Transducers: Static and dynamic Characteristics of Sensor, Potentiometers – LVDT – Capacitance sensors – Strain gauges – Eddy current sensor – Hall effect sensor – Temperature sensors – Light sensors
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Sensor and transducers
Sensors are devices that produce an output signal in response to a physical input like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy into another. Sensor performance is characterized by static and dynamic characteristics. Static characteristics include range, accuracy, sensitivity, hysteresis, linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and resolution. Dynamic characteristics include response time, time constant, rise time, and setting time. Common sensors include displacement, temperature, light, position, fluid level, and proximity sensors that use effects like piezoelectricity, resistance temperature, photoelectricity, and capacitance.
sensors and transducers Module 1 n 2
Sensors and transducers convert one form of energy into another. A sensor receives and responds to a signal, a transducer converts one form of energy to another, and an actuator converts an electrical signal to physical output. Transducers can be classified as active or passive depending on whether they require an external power source. Common transducers include resistance, capacitive, piezoelectric, hall effect, and photoelectric transducers. Key parameters for transducers include linearity, repeatability, resolution, and reliability.
Sensor Characteristics and Selection
This document discusses different types of sensors and their characteristics. It covers the differences between active and passive instruments, as well as null-type and deflection-type instruments. It also discusses analogue versus digital instruments and some key sensor performance characteristics such as accuracy, precision, threshold, resolution, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis and more. Key factors that influence sensor selection are resolution requirements, cost, accuracy needs, and application environment. Proper sensor selection depends on balancing these factors for each unique measurement scenario.
Sensors and actuators
This document discusses computer process interfaces for process control. It describes how sensors measure process variables and transmit that data to computers via analog-to-digital conversion. Actuators then drive process parameters based on computer output signals converted via digital-to-analog conversion. Key components are sensors, actuators, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and input/output devices.
Mechatronics (Sensors)
The document discusses various types of transducers and their characteristics. It describes parameters like range, error, accuracy, resolution, sensitivity and hysteresis error. It also discusses stability, dead band, output impedance and dynamic characteristics like response time, time constant, rise time and settling time. Examples of different types of transducers are given, including resistive, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, photoelectric and strain gauge transducers. Applications and limitations of each type are summarized.
Complex Sensors
- Sensors can be analog or complex, with complex sensors communicating digitally using PWM, I2C, SPI, etc.
- Common sensors discussed include tilt sensors, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, and accelerometers.
- Ultrasonic sensors emit sound pulses and measure the time of return to determine distance to objects within a few meters. Accelerometers can measure tilt and movement but data can be noisy.
- Prototyping with sensors helps explore interactions even if true presence or distance detection is difficult to achieve at this level.
Sensors And Actuators
The document discusses sensors, actuators, and input/output devices used in computer-controlled processes. It describes:
1) Sensors that measure continuous and discrete process variables and transmit signals to computers.
2) Actuators that receive signals from computers to control continuous and discrete process parameters.
3) Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion devices that allow computers to interface with analog sensors and actuators.
4) Input/output devices that allow computers to interface with discrete and pulse data from processes.
Basics of Sensors & Transducers
This article provides an introduction to the fundamental of Sensors and Transducers. It illustrates the different classifications of sensors and transducers. Explains capacitive, resistive and inductive transducers in brief. Also shows the examples under these types of transducers.
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Sensor and transducers
Sensors are devices that produce an output signal in response to a physical input like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy into another. Sensor performance is characterized by static and dynamic characteristics. Static characteristics include range, accuracy, sensitivity, hysteresis, linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and resolution. Dynamic characteristics include response time, time constant, rise time, and setting time. Common sensors include displacement, temperature, light, position, fluid level, and proximity sensors that use effects like piezoelectricity, resistance temperature, photoelectricity, and capacitance.
sensors and transducers Module 1 n 2
Sensors and transducers convert one form of energy into another. A sensor receives and responds to a signal, a transducer converts one form of energy to another, and an actuator converts an electrical signal to physical output. Transducers can be classified as active or passive depending on whether they require an external power source. Common transducers include resistance, capacitive, piezoelectric, hall effect, and photoelectric transducers. Key parameters for transducers include linearity, repeatability, resolution, and reliability.
Sensor Characteristics and Selection
This document discusses different types of sensors and their characteristics. It covers the differences between active and passive instruments, as well as null-type and deflection-type instruments. It also discusses analogue versus digital instruments and some key sensor performance characteristics such as accuracy, precision, threshold, resolution, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis and more. Key factors that influence sensor selection are resolution requirements, cost, accuracy needs, and application environment. Proper sensor selection depends on balancing these factors for each unique measurement scenario.
Sensors and actuators
This document discusses computer process interfaces for process control. It describes how sensors measure process variables and transmit that data to computers via analog-to-digital conversion. Actuators then drive process parameters based on computer output signals converted via digital-to-analog conversion. Key components are sensors, actuators, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and input/output devices.
Mechatronics (Sensors)
The document discusses various types of transducers and their characteristics. It describes parameters like range, error, accuracy, resolution, sensitivity and hysteresis error. It also discusses stability, dead band, output impedance and dynamic characteristics like response time, time constant, rise time and settling time. Examples of different types of transducers are given, including resistive, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, photoelectric and strain gauge transducers. Applications and limitations of each type are summarized.
Complex Sensors
- Sensors can be analog or complex, with complex sensors communicating digitally using PWM, I2C, SPI, etc.
- Common sensors discussed include tilt sensors, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, and accelerometers.
- Ultrasonic sensors emit sound pulses and measure the time of return to determine distance to objects within a few meters. Accelerometers can measure tilt and movement but data can be noisy.
- Prototyping with sensors helps explore interactions even if true presence or distance detection is difficult to achieve at this level.
Sensors And Actuators
The document discusses sensors, actuators, and input/output devices used in computer-controlled processes. It describes:
1) Sensors that measure continuous and discrete process variables and transmit signals to computers.
2) Actuators that receive signals from computers to control continuous and discrete process parameters.
3) Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion devices that allow computers to interface with analog sensors and actuators.
4) Input/output devices that allow computers to interface with discrete and pulse data from processes.
Basics of Sensors & Transducers
This article provides an introduction to the fundamental of Sensors and Transducers. It illustrates the different classifications of sensors and transducers. Explains capacitive, resistive and inductive transducers in brief. Also shows the examples under these types of transducers.
Cn3 sensors and transducers-12
This document discusses different types of sensors and transducers. It begins by classifying sensors as either primary or secondary, active or passive, and analog or digital based on their method of application, energy conversion, and output signal characteristics. It then describes various passive resistive, capacitive, and inductive sensors including potentiometers, temperature dependent resistors, strain gauges, photoconductors, capacitive displacement and pressure sensors, and inductive proximity switches. Active sensors that generate their own output signal like thermocouples and photovoltaic cells are also introduced. Key applications and operating principles of different sensors are outlined.
Sensors VS Transducers
This document discusses various sensors and transducers. It defines a transducer as a device that converts one form of energy to another, and a sensor as a transducer that detects a characteristic of its environment. It then provides details on different types of transducers and sensors, including antennas, Hall effect sensors, cathode ray tubes, sensors for ionizing radiation, electric current sensors, and proximity sensors. For each it discusses their definition, operating principle, applications and examples. The document is authored by several students and provides a comprehensive overview of key sensors and transducers.
Sensors & Actuators
This document provides an overview of sensors and actuators. It defines what sensors are, how they work by converting one type of energy to electrical energy. It also distinguishes sensors from transducers. The document discusses different types of sensors including passive and active sensors. It covers key sensor specifications and performance characteristics such as sensitivity, accuracy, bandwidth, resolution and noise. The document provides examples to illustrate sensor classification and performance evaluation.
Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 1 final sept 20 2016
The document discusses various types of sensors and transducers. It defines sensors as devices that produce an output signal in response to a physical input. Transducers are defined as devices that convert a signal from one form of energy to another. Common transducers include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and position sensors. The document provides examples of different types of position sensors such as potentiometers, strain gauges, linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), and optical encoders. It also discusses important specifications for sensors like sensitivity, accuracy, resolution, and hysteresis.
UNIT - 1 -INTRODUCTION-Sensor and transducers-ME6702– MECHATRONICS
Sensors are devices that produce an output signal proportional to a physical phenomenon like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy to another. Static characteristics like range, accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic characteristics like response time describe a sensor's performance. Common sensors include potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, thermistors, thermocouples, photodiodes and proximity sensors. Care must be taken in selecting the proper sensor based on the required accuracy, range, reliability and other factors.
92058 sensors transducers and actuators
This document discusses various types of sensors and transducers. It begins by describing the fundamental elements of a measuring instrument, including the physical variable being measured, primary detector/transducer that converts the physical variable to an electrical signal, intermediate signal processing stage, and final output stage. It then compares electronic versus mechanical instruments. Key definitions of transducer, sensor and actuator are provided. The rest of the document discusses various types of sensors in more detail, including resistive, capacitive, inductive, strain gauges, temperature sensors, light sensors, and flow/speed sensors.
Sensors and transducers.
this slides helps to understand the simple concept of sensors and transducers, some sensors are mentioned with lots of helpful details.
Temperature,position sensor
The document discusses various types of sensors and transducers used in mechatronics systems to measure physical quantities like displacement, temperature, pressure, and stress. It describes key elements like sensors that acquire physical parameters and transducers that convert one form of energy to another. Examples of different sensors are provided, like thermistors for temperature sensing and LVDTs for displacement measurement. Characteristics of transducers and sensors like range, sensitivity, accuracy, and response time are also defined.
Sensors and transducers: module 4
Digital signals represent data as discrete values using a finite number of levels, unlike analog signals which represent continuous values. The analog to digital conversion process quantizes a sampled analog voltage into discrete digital codes using an ADC. Key components of the ADC process include a buffer amplifier, low-pass filter, sample and hold amplifier, and ADC interfaced with a computer. The resolution of an ADC is determined by the number of bits used to digitize the analog input. Common ADC designs include successive approximation, flash encoding, and delta-sigma modulation. Data transmission converts process signals into transmittable forms like pneumatic or electrical signals to send to remote recorders over various distances using methods like hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, or electrical transmission.
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This document provides definitions and information about sensors and transducers. It defines a sensor as a device that responds to a physical stimulus and produces a signal and a transducer as a device that converts energy from one form to another. Common sensors measure displacement, position, temperature, pressure, force, velocity and other quantities. Active transducers directly generate a signal in response to stimulation while passive transducers require external power. Performance characteristics like range, sensitivity and hysteresis are also discussed. Examples of common displacement and position sensors like potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive sensors and LVDTs are provided along with their applications.
shashank soni sensors presentation
The document discusses sensors and their uses in manufacturing. It defines a sensor as a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a readable form. Sensors are then classified into different types including tactile, proximity, range, miscellaneous, and machine vision sensors. Examples are provided for each type along with their working principles and applications in robotics and manufacturing for tasks like distance sensing, contour tracking, machine vision, process monitoring, and quality control. Key desirable sensor features and concepts like accuracy vs precision are also covered at a high level.
Sensors and Actuators
in this presentation you'll we come to know about what actually sensor and actuators do what do they mean and what function do they perform
introduction to transducer
Introduction to transducer- mechatronics
Download:
http://skillcruise.com/academics/robotics-mechatronics/sensors/
Displacement%20sensors%2013
The document discusses different types of displacement and position sensors. It describes resistive sensors like potentiometers that measure displacement by detecting changes in resistance as a conductive wiper slides along a resistive element. Inductive sensors are also covered, including linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) that measure displacement by detecting changes in inductance as a magnetic core moves. Capacitive sensors are explained as measuring displacement through variations in capacitance that occur when the distance between capacitor plates changes.
Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 2 flow level temp light oct 7, 2016
This document provides an overview of various liquid flow and level sensors, including:
1) Orifice, turbine, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic flow sensors
2) Float, differential pressure, radar, and ultrasonic level sensors
3) Details on the working principles and applications of technologies like guided-wave radar and gravimetric sensing.
The objectives are to understand common sensor types and how to select sensors based on industrial requirements.
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Download Link:
http://skillcruise.com/academics/robotics-mechatronics/sensors/
Velocity measurements
1. The document discusses various methods for measuring linear and angular velocity, including electromagnetic, seismic, and digital transducers as well as using the Doppler effect.
2. Electromagnetic transducers are the most commonly used for linear velocity and work by inducing a voltage in a coil from the motion of a magnet. Moving magnet and moving coil types are described.
3. Angular velocity can be measured with a tachometer, which can be mechanical and count revolutions or electrical and generate a voltage proportional to speed.
Sensors
The document discusses various sensor technologies and considerations for sensing systems. It covers topics such as phase linearity, transducer terminology, sensor categorization based on physical phenomena and measuring mechanism, specifications of sensors including accuracy and resolution, strain gauges, acceleration sensing, force sensing, displacement sensing, velocity sensing, shock sensing, angular motion sensing, MEMS technology, and considerations for designing sensing systems. The key aspects covered are the operating principles, advantages, and limitations of different sensor types.
Cn3 sensors and transducers-1
This document discusses different types of sensors and transducers. It begins with an introduction to sensors, defining them as devices that convert non-electrical quantities into electrical signals. It then covers various classifications of sensors including primary/secondary, active/passive, and analog/digital. Specific types of sensors are described in more detail, including resistive sensors such as potentiometers, temperature dependent resistors, and strain gauges. Capacitive and inductive sensors are also briefly mentioned. The document provides examples and equations to explain the functioning and properties of different sensors.
Sensor and transducers.ppt
Sensors are devices that produce an output signal proportional to a physical phenomenon like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy to another. Static characteristics like range, accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic characteristics like response time describe a sensor's performance. Common sensors include potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, thermistors, thermocouples, photodiodes and proximity sensors. Care must be taken in selecting the proper sensor based on the required accuracy, range, reliability and other factors.
sensorandtransducers-191116071747dghff.pdf
Sensors are devices that produce an output signal in response to a physical input like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy into another. Sensor performance is characterized by static and dynamic characteristics. Static characteristics include range, accuracy, sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability. Dynamic characteristics describe how a sensor responds over time, including response time and time constant. Common sensors include displacement sensors like potentiometers and strain gauges, temperature sensors like RTDs and thermocouples, and light sensors like photodiodes. Sensor selection depends on required accuracy, operating range, speed of response, reliability, and other factors.
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This document discusses various sensors and transducers. It defines a transducer as a device that converts one form of energy to another, and a sensor as a transducer that detects a characteristic of its environment. It then provides details on different types of transducers and sensors, including antennas, Hall effect sensors, cathode ray tubes, sensors for ionizing radiation, electric current sensors, and proximity sensors. For each it discusses their definition, operating principle, applications and examples. The document is authored by several students and provides a comprehensive overview of key sensors and transducers.
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Sensors are devices that produce an output signal proportional to a physical phenomenon like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy to another. Static characteristics like range, accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic characteristics like response time describe a sensor's performance. Common sensors include potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, thermistors, thermocouples, photodiodes and proximity sensors. Care must be taken in selecting the proper sensor based on the required accuracy, range, reliability and other factors.
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This document discusses various types of sensors and transducers. It begins by describing the fundamental elements of a measuring instrument, including the physical variable being measured, primary detector/transducer that converts the physical variable to an electrical signal, intermediate signal processing stage, and final output stage. It then compares electronic versus mechanical instruments. Key definitions of transducer, sensor and actuator are provided. The rest of the document discusses various types of sensors in more detail, including resistive, capacitive, inductive, strain gauges, temperature sensors, light sensors, and flow/speed sensors.
Sensors and transducers.
this slides helps to understand the simple concept of sensors and transducers, some sensors are mentioned with lots of helpful details.
Temperature,position sensor
The document discusses various types of sensors and transducers used in mechatronics systems to measure physical quantities like displacement, temperature, pressure, and stress. It describes key elements like sensors that acquire physical parameters and transducers that convert one form of energy to another. Examples of different sensors are provided, like thermistors for temperature sensing and LVDTs for displacement measurement. Characteristics of transducers and sensors like range, sensitivity, accuracy, and response time are also defined.
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Digital signals represent data as discrete values using a finite number of levels, unlike analog signals which represent continuous values. The analog to digital conversion process quantizes a sampled analog voltage into discrete digital codes using an ADC. Key components of the ADC process include a buffer amplifier, low-pass filter, sample and hold amplifier, and ADC interfaced with a computer. The resolution of an ADC is determined by the number of bits used to digitize the analog input. Common ADC designs include successive approximation, flash encoding, and delta-sigma modulation. Data transmission converts process signals into transmittable forms like pneumatic or electrical signals to send to remote recorders over various distances using methods like hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, or electrical transmission.
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This document provides definitions and information about sensors and transducers. It defines a sensor as a device that responds to a physical stimulus and produces a signal and a transducer as a device that converts energy from one form to another. Common sensors measure displacement, position, temperature, pressure, force, velocity and other quantities. Active transducers directly generate a signal in response to stimulation while passive transducers require external power. Performance characteristics like range, sensitivity and hysteresis are also discussed. Examples of common displacement and position sensors like potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive sensors and LVDTs are provided along with their applications.
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The document discusses sensors and their uses in manufacturing. It defines a sensor as a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a readable form. Sensors are then classified into different types including tactile, proximity, range, miscellaneous, and machine vision sensors. Examples are provided for each type along with their working principles and applications in robotics and manufacturing for tasks like distance sensing, contour tracking, machine vision, process monitoring, and quality control. Key desirable sensor features and concepts like accuracy vs precision are also covered at a high level.
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in this presentation you'll we come to know about what actually sensor and actuators do what do they mean and what function do they perform
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Download:
http://skillcruise.com/academics/robotics-mechatronics/sensors/
Displacement%20sensors%2013
The document discusses different types of displacement and position sensors. It describes resistive sensors like potentiometers that measure displacement by detecting changes in resistance as a conductive wiper slides along a resistive element. Inductive sensors are also covered, including linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) that measure displacement by detecting changes in inductance as a magnetic core moves. Capacitive sensors are explained as measuring displacement through variations in capacitance that occur when the distance between capacitor plates changes.
Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 2 flow level temp light oct 7, 2016
This document provides an overview of various liquid flow and level sensors, including:
1) Orifice, turbine, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic flow sensors
2) Float, differential pressure, radar, and ultrasonic level sensors
3) Details on the working principles and applications of technologies like guided-wave radar and gravimetric sensing.
The objectives are to understand common sensor types and how to select sensors based on industrial requirements.
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1. The document discusses various methods for measuring linear and angular velocity, including electromagnetic, seismic, and digital transducers as well as using the Doppler effect.
2. Electromagnetic transducers are the most commonly used for linear velocity and work by inducing a voltage in a coil from the motion of a magnet. Moving magnet and moving coil types are described.
3. Angular velocity can be measured with a tachometer, which can be mechanical and count revolutions or electrical and generate a voltage proportional to speed.
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The document discusses various sensor technologies and considerations for sensing systems. It covers topics such as phase linearity, transducer terminology, sensor categorization based on physical phenomena and measuring mechanism, specifications of sensors including accuracy and resolution, strain gauges, acceleration sensing, force sensing, displacement sensing, velocity sensing, shock sensing, angular motion sensing, MEMS technology, and considerations for designing sensing systems. The key aspects covered are the operating principles, advantages, and limitations of different sensor types.
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This document discusses different types of sensors and transducers. It begins with an introduction to sensors, defining them as devices that convert non-electrical quantities into electrical signals. It then covers various classifications of sensors including primary/secondary, active/passive, and analog/digital. Specific types of sensors are described in more detail, including resistive sensors such as potentiometers, temperature dependent resistors, and strain gauges. Capacitive and inductive sensors are also briefly mentioned. The document provides examples and equations to explain the functioning and properties of different sensors.
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Sensors are devices that produce an output signal proportional to a physical phenomenon like pressure, temperature, or displacement. Transducers convert one form of energy to another. Static characteristics like range, accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic characteristics like response time describe a sensor's performance. Common sensors include potentiometers, strain gauges, capacitive, inductive, Hall effect, thermistors, thermocouples, photodiodes and proximity sensors. Care must be taken in selecting the proper sensor based on the required accuracy, range, reliability and other factors.
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This document provides an introduction to sensors and transducers. It defines a sensor as a device that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus, and a transducer as a device that converts one form of energy into another. The document then discusses different types of sensors classified by their energy form, including displacement, force, pressure, velocity, and level sensors. It provides examples of common sensor types like potentiometers, strain gauges, LVDTs, optical encoders, and piezoelectric sensors. Finally, it covers the topic of signal conditioning, where the signal from the sensor is prepared for use in other parts of a system.
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This document discusses different types of sensors and their characteristics. It describes various sensors that measure variables like temperature, position, velocity, acceleration, presence detection, flow rates, mass, force and pressure. It explains the physical properties these sensors use to convert the measured variable into a useful signal. The document also outlines key static characteristics of sensors like sensitivity, resolution, linearity and drift. It defines dynamic response characteristics such as rise time, delay time, peak time and settling time. Finally, it discusses statistical characteristics like accuracy and precision.
Sensors.ppt
This document provides information on various sensor technologies. It discusses key concepts in sensor terminology and categorization. It describes considerations for instrumentation and measurement. It also provides details on specific sensor types including their operating principles, specifications, advantages, and disadvantages. These include sensors for strain, acceleration, force, displacement, velocity, and shock.
Sensors.ppt
This document provides information on various sensor technologies. It discusses key concepts related to phase linearity and distortion in sensors. It also defines transducers and categorizes sensors based on physical phenomena measured and measuring mechanisms. The document outlines considerations for instrumentation and describes common sensor specifications. It provides examples of specific sensor types for measuring strain, acceleration, force, displacement, velocity, and shock and describes their operating principles and attributes.
Sensors.ppt
This document provides information on various sensor technologies. It discusses key concepts in sensor terminology and categorization. It describes common sensor types including those that measure phase linearity, mechanical properties like strain and displacement, thermal properties, acceleration, force, velocity, and shock. For each sensor type, it outlines important specifications and considerations in sensor design and measurement.
Sensors.ppt
The document discusses various sensor technologies and considerations for sensing systems. It describes different types of sensors categorized by the physical phenomena they measure such as mechanical, thermal, and optical sensors. It also discusses sensor specifications including accuracy, resolution, sensitivity, bandwidth, and noise. The document covers various sensor technologies for measuring strain, acceleration, force, displacement, velocity, and angular motion. It describes MEMS sensors and their fabrication techniques. Finally, it discusses considerations for designing sensing systems such as sensor selection, data collection, communication, power, and environmental influence.
Sensors.ppt
The document discusses various sensor technologies and considerations for sensing systems. It describes different types of sensors categorized by the physical phenomena they measure such as mechanical, thermal, and optical sensors. It also discusses sensor specifications including accuracy, resolution, sensitivity, bandwidth, and noise. The document covers various sensor technologies for measuring strain, acceleration, force, displacement, velocity, and angular motion. It describes MEMS sensors and their fabrication techniques. Finally, it discusses considerations for designing sensing systems such as sensor selection, data collection, communication, power, and environmental influence.
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MT-II UNIT II TURNING
The document discusses various attachments that can be used on lathe machines to expand their capabilities. It describes taper turning, copy turning, milling, grinding, spherical turning, relieving, thread pitch correction, and thread chasing attachments. These attachments allow lathes to perform tasks like tapering, copying profiles, milling, grinding, spherical cuts, relieving complex tooth profiles, correcting thread pitches, and ensuring accurate multi-pass thread cutting.
MT-II UNIT II TURNING
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle:
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Abrasive processes: grinding wheel – specifications and selection, types of grinding process–
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continuous broaching machines
MT-II UNIT V CNC MACHINING
This document provides information about numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machining. It defines NC as using coded programs to automatically operate machines, with CNC adding an onboard computer. The history of NC is described from its origins in 1947 to modern CNC. Key aspects of CNC systems like controllers, programming, and integrated CAD/CAM are summarized. Other machining techniques like EDM and laser cutting are also briefly outlined.
MT-II UNIT V CNC MACHINING
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features,
machining centre, part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining.
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screw type – multi spindle:
UNIT III SHAPER, MILLING AND GEAR CUTTING MACHINES
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KOM-UNIT-V-Friction
This document discusses friction and its types. It covers frictional force and different types of friction such as static and kinetic friction. It also discusses the friction that occurs between a screw and nut, including different types of threads used and terminology related to screws. Additionally, it mentions screw jack friction.
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This document discusses different types of belt and rope drives used to transmit power between shafts. Flexible drives like belts, ropes, and chains are used when the distance between shafts is large, while non-flexible gears are used for shorter distances. The document describes various belts and ropes, including flat belts, V-belts, and circular belts, as well as different belt drive configurations such as open, crossed, compound, and stepped pulley drives. Materials for belts are also discussed.
KOM-Unit 5
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This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
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- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
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- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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MECHATRONICS UNIT I Sensor and transducers
- 2. Sensor Sensor are devices which produce a proportional output signal (mechanical, electrical, magnetic etc.,) when exposed to a physical phenomenon (pressure, temperature, displacement , force etc.,).
- 3. Transducer Transducer are devices which converts an input of one form of energy in to an output of another form of energy.
- 4. Performance terminology • Static characteristics – Static characteristics of an instrument are the parameters which are more or less constant or varying very slowly with time. • Dynamic characteristics – Sensors and actuators respond to inputs that change with time. Dynamic characteristics of an instrument are the parameters which are varying with time.
- 5. Static characteristics Range – e.g.: a thermocouple may have a range of -100 to 1000°C Span : maximum value of input – minimum value of input Error : measured value – true input value Accuracy : Sensitivity: it is defined as the change in output per change in input
- 6. Static characteristics Hysteresis: it is defined as the maximum difference in output for a given input when this value is approached from the opposite direction. Linearity: it is refer to the output that is directly proportional to input over its entire range.
- 7. Static characteristics • Repeatability: it is defined as the ability of the sensor to give same output reading when the same input value is applied repeatedly under the same operating conditions. • Reproducibility: it is defined as the degree of closeness among the repeated measurements of the output for the same value of input under the same operating conditions at different times.
- 8. Static characteristics Stability : it means the ability of the sensor to indicate the same output over a period of time for a constant input. Dead time: it is the time taken by the sensor from the application of input to begin its response and change. Resolution: it is defined as the smallest change that can be detected by a sensor
- 9. Dynamic characteristics Response time Time constant Rise time Setting time
- 10. Displacement sensor Potentiometer sensor Strain gauge sensor Capacitive sensor Inductive sensors (LVDT)
- 11. Potentiometer Displacement sensor Linear potentiometer
- 12. Potentiometer Displacement sensor Rotary potentiometer
- 13. Strain gauge Displacement sensor Strain gauge with Wheatstone bridge circuit
- 15. Capacitive displacement sensor Different form of capacitive sensor
- 16. Push – pull capacitive sensor Capacitive proximity sensor
- 17. Inductive displacement sensor Linear variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
- 18. Linear variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) output
- 19. Rotary variable Differential Transformer (RVDT)
- 20. Position sensors potentiometer Capacitive sensor Inductive sensor Hall effect sensors Photoelectric sensor Optical encoder
- 21. Hall effect sensors Principle of Hall effect
- 23. Fluid level Hall effect Sensor
- 24. Photoelectric sensor Through beam method Retro reflective method
- 26. Incremental encoder disc track pattern
- 27. An 8-bit grey code Absolute encoder disc
- 28. Proximity sensor Optical encoders Hall Effect sensors Capacitive sensors Eddy current proximity sensors Inductive proximity sensors Pneumatic proximity sensors Proximity switches
- 29. Eddy current proximity sensors
- 32. Proximity switches Magnetic read switches Micro switches
- 33. Velocity and motion sensor Incremental encoders Tachogenerator Pyroelectric sensors
- 35. Pyroelectric sensors Dual pyroelectric sensor
- 36. Force sensor Strain Gauge Load Cell
- 37. Fluid pressure sensors Diaphragm pressure sensors Capsule pressure sensors Bellow pressure sensors Bourdon tube pressure sensors Piezoelectric sensor Tactile sensor
- 39. Typical Diaphragm Pressure gauge
- 43. Bourdon tube pressure sensors
- 45. Tactile sensor
- 46. Temperature sensors Bimetallic strips Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) Thermistors Thermocouples Thermodiodes and transistors
- 49. Thermistors
- 50. Thermocouple
- 51. Light sensors Photo resistors Photodiode phototransistors
- 52. Photoresistor
- 53. Photodiode
- 54. Phototransistors Phototransistor light detector circuit
- 55. Selection of sensors Accuracy required Precision Sensitivity Operating range Resolution Speed range Reliability Calibration The nature of output Linearity Environmental conditions Interfacing Size and weight