A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another. It takes a non-electrical input signal, such as temperature, sound, or light, and converts it into an electrical output signal, such as voltage, current, or capacitance. Transducers have sensing elements that detect physical quantities and transduction elements that convert the non-electrical signal into an electrical one. Examples of transducers include microphones, light bulbs, and electric motors. Key characteristics for transducers include accuracy, linearity, repeatability, stability, sensitivity, size, dynamic range, error, speed, noise, hysteresis, and ruggedness.

1. TRANSDUCER
S

2. DEFINITION OF TRANSDUCER
• Transducer is defined as a device that transform one form energy into
another form of energy
• (0r)
A transducer is a device which transform a non-electrical physical
quantity(i.e. temperature, sound or light ) into an electrical signal(i.e.
voltage, current , capacity)
Input signal Output signal
(non-electrical) (electrical)
Presentation title 2
transducer

3. INTRODUCTION
• Measuring system there are three basic elements:
•sensor : sensor is a device used to detect in the change physical quantity
signal conditioning unit-----it is used to convert the physical output of the sensor to
the electrical quantity
Data representing device it is used to present the measured output to the observer
(physicalQuantity) ) detected quantity
non-electrical quantity electrical
quantity
Presentation title 3
sensor
Signal conditioning
unit
Data
representatio
n

4. Transuder consist of basically two components:
(Non-electrical (electrical
quantity) electrical sensor quantity)
response
sense the physical convert the non-electrical signal
quantity and give the response into electrical signal
to the transduction element
Presentation title 4
Sensing
element
Transduction
element

5. Examples of transducer:
MICROPHONE ( sound ----electrical impulses)
Light bulb (electrical ---- optical energy)
Electric motor (electricity ---- mechanical energy)
APPLICATIONS
Electromagnetic
Electromechanical
Photoelectric
Thermoelectric
Presentation title 5

6. Characteristics of transducer
Presentation title 6
• Static characteristics:
Accuracy
linearity
Robust
Repeatability
Stability
sensitivity
Size

7. Dynamic characteristics
Presentation title 7
• Dynamic range
• Error
• Speed
• Noise
• Hysteresis

8. Presentation title 8
Ruggedness: The transducer should be mechanically rugged to withstand overloads. It should have overload protection.
Linearity: The output of the transducer should be linearly proportional to the input quantity under measurement. It should
have linear input - output characteristic.
Repeatability: The output of the transducer must be exactly the same, under same environmental conditions, when
the same quantity is applied at the input repeatedly.
High output: The transducer should give reasonably high output signal so that it can be easily processed and measured. The
output must be much larger than noise. Now-a-days, digital output is preferred in many applications;
High Stability and Reliability: The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable so that there will be minimum
error in measurement. The output must remain unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature, pressure,
etc
Sensitivity: The sensitivity of the electrical transducer is defined as the electrical output obtained per unit change in the
physical parameter of the input quantity. For example, for a transducer used for temperature measurement, sensitivity will be
expressed in mV/’ C. A high sensitivity is always desirable for a given transducer.
Accuracy: It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches an accepted standard value or ideal
value or true value, of the variable being measured.

9. Presentation title 9
Dynamic Range: For a transducer, the operating range should be wide, so that it can be used over a wide range of measurement
conditions.
Size: The transducer should have smallest possible size and shape with minimal weight and volume. This will make the
measurement system very compact
Speed of Response: It is the rapidity with which the transducer responds to changes in the measured quantity. The speed of
response of the transducer should be as high as practicable

10. Presentation title 10
What are the required characteristics for a transducer?
A. Accuracy, linearity, reliability, repeatability, good stability, quick response, compact and high sensitivity.
Explain why a transducer should be rugged?
A. A transducer should be rugged because it must be capable to withstand overload and it would require some safety arrangements in
order to withstand the overload
What do you need a transducer to be linear?
A. The output and input characteristics of a transducer should be linear and the transducer should have these characteristics in a
controlled manner
1. What is transducer?
2. What is difference between transducer and sensor?

11. Thank you
Mirjam Nilsson​
mirjam@contoso.com
www.contoso.com