The document discusses the case method of learning. It begins by explaining that the case method was developed at Harvard Business School in the 1920s. It shifts students from a passive role of listening to an active role of applying concepts to real-world situations. The document then discusses what constitutes a good case study, the different types of case studies, and how to properly analyze a case study. It provides steps for reading a case, identifying problems, developing alternatives, and evaluating solutions. Finally, it offers tips on preparing and presenting a case study.

1. By
Lakshmi Narayana Reddy.K
Case Method of
Learning
Module 5

2. Module-5Module-5
Case method of learning:Case method of learning:
Understanding the case method of learning –
Different types of cases.
Difficulties and overcoming the difficulties of the
case method.
Reading a case properly (previewing, skimming,
reading, scanning) – Case analysis approaches
(Systems, Behavioural, Decision, Strategy) –
Analyzing the case.
Dos and don’ts for case preparation – Discussing
and Presenting a Case Study.

3. Introduction
The method was started in business
education at Harvard Business School in the
1920s
The most important aspect of the case study
method is that is plunges students right into
the problem and forces their active
participation and contribution
It shifts the students’ role from passive
listening to active application of learnt
concepts and knowledge
The case study method takes the theoretical
learning to the actual world and gets as close

4. Case Study
A case study narrates in detail, real
life business situation which urgently
demands a decision and action
A detailed account of the background
of the situation, the immediate
problem or decision, and the
perspectives of the managers involved

5. Features of a Good CaseFeatures of a Good Case
A good case tells the story.
It has an interest-arousing issue at the center.
It must create empathy with the central characters.
The story the case tells is relevant to the reader.
It should have a recent setting, preferably the past
five years.
In a good case there is some dialogue.
It has something controversial and gives rise to
conflict of views.
A good case impose the need for a decision.
It must have general applicability.
A good case is short enough to sustain interest.
The case is useful forteaching.

6. Types of Cases
Ice berg cases: conceptual case.
Incident cases: found at the end of text books.
Illustrative cases:
Head case: more persons feelings are described.
Dialogue cases:
Application cases:
Data cases:
Issue cases:
Prediction cases:

7. OtherTypes of CasesOtherTypes of Cases
Open or Closed Cases
Analysis or Dilemma Cases

8. Open orClosed Cases
Open cases usually have more than one
valid answer
Open cases depends on the students’
knowledge of business, cultural and ethical
values
Closed cases have specific, correct
answers or processes that must be followed
in order to arrive at the correct analysis and
solution

9. Analysis orDilemma Cases
Analysis cases are an account of “what
happened”
Class debate and information from various
disciplines is brought to bear upon the discussion
In dilemma cases, a decision is required and an
action plan needs to be worked out

10. Advantages of using Case Study
Method
Allows the application of theoretical concepts to
be demonstrated
Encourages the active learning
Gives opportunities for the development of
communication, teamworkand problemsolving
Increases the students’ involvement and
motivation to learn

11. Skills Developed in Case StudySkills Developed in Case Study
MethodMethod
Group Work
Individual Study Skills
Information Gathering
Time Management
Presentation Skills
Practical Skills

12. Requirements of a caseRequirements of a case
analysis*analysis*
Through knowledge of the concerned
subject.
Ability to be analytical.
Ability to do critical thinking.
Ability to evaluate.
Ability to infer.

13. Overcoming the difficulties of the caseOvercoming the difficulties of the case
methodmethod
Conquering a different learning style.
Overcoming the fear or writing & speaking.
Developing your personal system of case
analysis.

14. Reading a case properlyReading a case properly
In reading should be as efficiently as possible, to cover the
material thoroughly & glean the most significant points.
Proper analysis generally requires at least 2 readings of each
case.
A proper analysis can be conducted only after careful reading.
There are 4 basic steps to properly reading a case.
1. Previewing.
2. Skimming.
3. Reading
4. Scanning/ Reviewing.

15. PreviewingPreviewing
Previewing is preparing to get and sort information from both
the text and the visuals
Collect the new information while reading
Glance over the introductory material
Heads/subheads indicates aspects described in depth
Visuals such as charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, photographs
and pictures
Exhibits gives quantitative information
 Case questions gives clues about the main issues

16. Skimming
It involves previewing a greater detail.
Uses of skimming:
1. Pre reading.
2. Reviewing.
3. Reading.
Steps in Skimming:
1. Read the title.
2. Read the introduction
3. Read the first Para completely.
4. Read sub headings completely.
5. Read the first sentence of each paragraphs.
6. Dip into the text.
7. Read the final paragraph completely.

17. ReadingReading

18. Scanning
Searching a specific information
Key words related to information
search
Look for the words that are bold
faced, italics, orin a different style or
color

19. Process of Analysis a CaseProcess of Analysis a Case
Analysis requires you to understand the case &
its context
A comprehensive study of factors in
organizational levels
Know the goals, objectives & the structure of the
organization

20. Steps in Case AnalysisSteps in Case Analysis
Step 1) study the case
Step 2) identify the
Problem
Step 3) formulate the
problem in precise words
Step 4) identify the cause
of the problem
Step 5) suggest alternative
answers/solutions
Step 6) evaluate each
solution in terms of its
relevance to the objective
& the decision to be taken
Step 7) plan of
implementation

21. Case analysis approachesCase analysis approaches
Systems
Behavioral
Decisions
Strategy

22. Analyzing Case DataAnalyzing Case Data
Why and how did these issues arise?
 In order to solve the problem find its cause
It may help to analysis tools such as PEST
(Political, Economical, Sociological,
Technological) or SWOT (Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
Who is affected most in the issues?
What can be find out fromthe numbers

23. PROCESS OF ANALYZING THE CASE
Identify the
problem
Define the
problem
Study the case
Identify causes of
the problem
Develop
Alternatives
Evaluate
Alternatives
Develop Plan of
Action

24. Do’s of Case Analysis
Accept the fact that much of the material in the case is
useless to your investigation.
Realize that different professor, in different classes &
disciplines, want you to conduct different types of
analyses.
Follow a logical, clear & consistent path through the
case analysis.
Recognize the different between facts & inferences or
suppositions.
Take a stand in your analysis & support it.
Recognize that a good written product really is
produced in the rewriting.

25. Don’ts of Case Analysis
Don’t expect a right conclusion to be available following the
study of a case.
Don’t tell the instructor that you need more information
before arriving at a decision.
Don’t expect cases to cover a single discipline or to lend
themselves to a solution by a given theory or concept.
Don’t expect your instructor to give you clear instructions
on what he or she expects from your analysis.
Don’t be so short sighted that you decide on a conclusion
early in the analysis & become locked into that conclusion.
Don’t feel that you have to solve all the problem in the case.

26. Discussing & Presenting a caseDiscussing & Presenting a case
studystudy

27. THANKINGTHANKING
YOUYOU