Difference between financial & management accounting
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Commerce crossword puzzle
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 4-Internal Control, Internal Check and Internal Audit.pptx
This document discusses internal control, internal check, and internal audit. It defines internal control as methods and procedures adopted by a business to control its operations and ensure reliability of financial data. Internal check is the arrangement of accounting duties so one employee's work is checked by another to detect errors. Internal audit is the independent review of a company's accounting and operations by a team reporting to management. It aims to improve procedures by identifying issues. Key differences are internal control is the overall system, internal check focuses on accounting work, and internal audit reviews records after the fact. The objectives and advantages of each are also outlined.
Company analysis
The document discusses company analysis and financial ratios used to evaluate companies. It provides definitions of intrinsic value and outlines the stages of fundamental analysis including economy, industry, and company analysis. Company analysis deals with estimating return and risk using internal information from annual reports and external independent sources. Financial statements like the balance sheet and profit/loss statement are used to assess a company's profitability and financial health. Various ratios are discussed including liquidity ratios like the current ratio, leverage ratios, and profitability ratios related to sales, investment, equity shares, and overall earnings.
Goal and scope of financial management
The document discusses the goals and scope of financial management. The two main goals are profit maximization and wealth maximization. Profit maximization aims to earn the highest profits possible to satisfy shareholders and ensure the company's financial health. Wealth maximization means maximizing the net present value or value of the company to benefit all stakeholders over time. The scope of financial management includes procuring short and long-term funds, mobilizing funds through financial instruments, and complying with legal regulations regarding financial activities while coordinating with accounting.
Management control system in service and multinational organization
This document discusses management control systems in various types of organizations. It begins by explaining differences in management control for service organizations compared to manufacturing. It then discusses professional services, financial services, healthcare, and non-profit organizations, outlining their special characteristics and management control considerations. The document concludes by examining management control challenges in multinational organizations, including cultural differences, transfer pricing, exchange rates, and performance evaluation metrics.
Funds flow statement
The document discusses funds flow statements and their preparation. It provides definitions of key terms like working capital and flow of funds. It explains that a funds flow statement depicts changes in working capital between two balance sheet dates by analyzing changes in current assets and current liabilities. The summary also shows how to prepare schedules of changes in working capital and sources and uses of funds statements to analyze the flow of funds.
INDUSTRIAL SICKNESS IN INDIA
Industrial sickness in india: introduction, concept, meaning definition, signals, measures causes, effects, magnitude, data, suggestions, SICA 1985, features, BIFR, reporting , enquiry, amendment act, case study of hindustan motors, related headlines, conclusion
Demerger ppt
The document discusses a demerger, where an existing company splits into two separate companies. Shareholders of the original company receive equivalent stakes in the new companies. Reasons for demerging include allowing each company to focus on its core activities and comply with different regulations. The document then provides further details about Welspun Corp Ltd, an Indian pipe manufacturer, and its planned demerger into Welspun Corp Ltd and Welspun Enterprises Ltd to simplify its business structure and allow each entity to focus on different operations.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 4-Internal Control, Internal Check and Internal Audit.pptx
This document discusses internal control, internal check, and internal audit. It defines internal control as methods and procedures adopted by a business to control its operations and ensure reliability of financial data. Internal check is the arrangement of accounting duties so one employee's work is checked by another to detect errors. Internal audit is the independent review of a company's accounting and operations by a team reporting to management. It aims to improve procedures by identifying issues. Key differences are internal control is the overall system, internal check focuses on accounting work, and internal audit reviews records after the fact. The objectives and advantages of each are also outlined.
Company analysis
The document discusses company analysis and financial ratios used to evaluate companies. It provides definitions of intrinsic value and outlines the stages of fundamental analysis including economy, industry, and company analysis. Company analysis deals with estimating return and risk using internal information from annual reports and external independent sources. Financial statements like the balance sheet and profit/loss statement are used to assess a company's profitability and financial health. Various ratios are discussed including liquidity ratios like the current ratio, leverage ratios, and profitability ratios related to sales, investment, equity shares, and overall earnings.
Goal and scope of financial management
The document discusses the goals and scope of financial management. The two main goals are profit maximization and wealth maximization. Profit maximization aims to earn the highest profits possible to satisfy shareholders and ensure the company's financial health. Wealth maximization means maximizing the net present value or value of the company to benefit all stakeholders over time. The scope of financial management includes procuring short and long-term funds, mobilizing funds through financial instruments, and complying with legal regulations regarding financial activities while coordinating with accounting.
Management control system in service and multinational organization
This document discusses management control systems in various types of organizations. It begins by explaining differences in management control for service organizations compared to manufacturing. It then discusses professional services, financial services, healthcare, and non-profit organizations, outlining their special characteristics and management control considerations. The document concludes by examining management control challenges in multinational organizations, including cultural differences, transfer pricing, exchange rates, and performance evaluation metrics.
Funds flow statement
The document discusses funds flow statements and their preparation. It provides definitions of key terms like working capital and flow of funds. It explains that a funds flow statement depicts changes in working capital between two balance sheet dates by analyzing changes in current assets and current liabilities. The summary also shows how to prepare schedules of changes in working capital and sources and uses of funds statements to analyze the flow of funds.
INDUSTRIAL SICKNESS IN INDIA
Industrial sickness in india: introduction, concept, meaning definition, signals, measures causes, effects, magnitude, data, suggestions, SICA 1985, features, BIFR, reporting , enquiry, amendment act, case study of hindustan motors, related headlines, conclusion
Demerger ppt
The document discusses a demerger, where an existing company splits into two separate companies. Shareholders of the original company receive equivalent stakes in the new companies. Reasons for demerging include allowing each company to focus on its core activities and comply with different regulations. The document then provides further details about Welspun Corp Ltd, an Indian pipe manufacturer, and its planned demerger into Welspun Corp Ltd and Welspun Enterprises Ltd to simplify its business structure and allow each entity to focus on different operations.
Fund flow statement
The document provides information on fund flow statements, including their meaning, definition, purpose, and preparation. It defines a fund flow statement as a report on the movement of funds or working capital during an accounting period. It explains how working capital is raised and used. The summary then outlines some key points on the meaning of funds, items that constitute sources and uses of funds, and the objectives and limitations of fund flow statements.
Venture capital
This document provides an overview of a presentation on venture capital. It includes definitions of venture capital, the nature and scope of venture capital, regulatory framework, problems with venture capital, the venture capital investment process, the current scenario in India, global experience, and conclusions. The document outlines topics that will be covered in the presentation and provides background information on venture capital concepts.
Cost audit meaning, importance, objectives, phases
Cost audit is defined as the verification of correctness of cost accounts and adherence to cost accounting principles, plans, and procedures. It aims to be a preventative measure and guide for management decisions by acting as a barometer of performance. The objectives of cost audit include detecting errors and preventing fraud, verifying cost accounts are maintained according to principles, and ensuring efficiency.
fund flow statement
what is fund flow statement, current and noncurrent assets and liabilities, objectives, characteristics, and limitations of fund flow statement, how to make fund flow, format of fund flow, sources of fund flow
Solved Cash Flow Statements with Balance Sheet (Vertical) and Notes to Accoun...
I assure you that this project of mine will fetch you a very good score.
Good Luck!!
Go to the links below for the following...
Solved Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Full Project(Comprehensive Project, Ratio Analysis and Cash Flow Statements with Conclusion)
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-cbse-class-12-accountancy-full-projectcomprehensive-project-ratio-analysis-and-cash-flow-statements-with-conclusion
Solved Comprehensive Project Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Project
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-comprehensive-project-cbse-class-12-accountancy-project
Solved Accounting Ratios with Balance Sheet(vertical) and Statement of Profit and Loss - Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Project
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-accounting-ratios-with-balance-sheetvertical-and-statement-of-profit-and-loss-cbse-class-12-accountancy-project
Sickness in small scale industries
The document defines industrial sickness as an industrial company that has accumulated losses exceeding its net worth for two consecutive years and has suffered cash losses. It lists several signs of industrial sickness including declining capacity utilization, liquidity shortages, and failure to maintain proper financial records or pay statutory dues. Internal causes include lack of financing, poor production policies, ineffective marketing and personnel management, and weak corporate management. External causes include constraints related to labor, marketing, production, and access to financing. Industrial sickness can result in huge financial losses, job losses, reduced investment and tax revenue. Early identification and interventions such as infrastructure improvements, technology upgrades, marketing assistance and government review can help address industrial sickness.
Financial leverage
The document defines leverage as using fixed costs to magnify returns. There are two types of fixed costs: operating costs like rent and salaries, and financial costs like interest from debt. Leverage can increase risk but also returns. There are three types of leverage: operating, financial, and total. Operating leverage is the effect of fixed operating costs on income. Financial leverage is the effect of fixed financing costs like debt and preferred stock on earnings per share. Degree of operating leverage and degree of financial leverage measure the multiplier effect of each type of leverage. Examples using data from a levered company show that a 10% increase in sales would increase operating income by 17.14% due to operating leverage of 1.714, and operating income
LIC act 1956 Provisions
The Life Insurance Corporation Act of 1956 established the Life Insurance Corporation of India as a statutory body to carry on life insurance business in India. Some key points:
- The Act was passed by Parliament in 1956 and came into effect on July 1, 1956. It established LIC as a body corporate with perpetual succession.
- LIC has exclusive privilege to carry on life insurance business in India. It must establish zonal offices in major cities and can form committees to oversee investments and operations.
- LIC is governed by a board of directors appointed by the central government. It must have its accounts audited annually and submit reports to Parliament. Any surplus funds are allocated to policyholders.
- The
Macro economics
Macroeconomics is the study of the behavior and performance of the economy as a whole. It deals with factors that determine total output, employment, prices, and trade balances. Macroeconomics has both theoretical and policy orientations. Theoretical macroeconomics uses models to explain relationships between macroeconomic variables, while policy macroeconomics provides tools like fiscal and monetary policies to guide economic growth and stability. Macroeconomics analyzes the total economy, while microeconomics focuses on individual markets, firms, industries, and consumers. Both are interrelated, as macroeconomic theory builds on microeconomic foundations and microeconomic performance depends on the macroeconomic environment.
Accountancy 12th class Project Work (both comprehensive and specific)
I have uploaded a ppt of accountancy 12th class project work which have about 55 pages but i have uploaded only 32 pages some ledgers and introductory has been depleted rest there is full project if in case of any query you can consult me Himanshu Mishra- hmishra678
Bifr
The document discusses the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in India. It provides background on its establishment, including that the government set up BIFR in 1987 based on recommendations from a 1981 committee to address industrial sickness. It summarizes the objectives of BIFR as taking legal, financial and managerial measures to aid revival of sick industrial units. The document also briefly outlines the types of companies that fall under BIFR and how references are made to it.
Chapter23 projectreviewandadministrativeaspects
The document discusses various aspects of project review and administration for capital budgeting such as controlling in-progress projects, conducting post-completion audits, evaluating economic versus book rates of return, guidelines for project abandonment analysis, addressing agency problems, and disciplining the capital budgeting process for small expenditures. It also provides details on evaluating capital budgeting systems, classification of investment proposals, and overcoming resistance to abandoning failing projects.
RISK ANALYSIS IN CAPITAL BUDGETING
Discuss the concept of risk in investment decisions.
Understand some commonly used techniques, i.e., payback, certainty equivalent and risk-adjusted discount rate, of risk analysis in capital budgeting.
Focus on the need and mechanics of sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis.
Highlight the utility and methodology simulation analysis.
Explain the decision tree approach in sequential investment decisions.
Focus on the relationship between utility theory and capital budgeting decisions.
Debentures
This document discusses debentures as a form of long-term borrowed capital for companies. It defines debentures as certificates issued by a company to acknowledge its debt. Debenture holders are creditors and debentures provide them a fixed rate of interest. They do not hold voting rights. Debentures can be secured against company assets or unsecured. They may also be convertible to equity after a set time period. The document outlines key features and advantages and disadvantages of debenture financing for companies.
FEMA-Foreign Exchange Management Act
The document summarizes the statutory basis and key provisions of foreign exchange regulation in India. [1] The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 and subsequent Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 form the statutory basis for regulating foreign exchange. [2] FEMA aims to consolidate and amend foreign exchange laws to facilitate trade and maintain an orderly foreign exchange market. [3] Key provisions of FEMA include regulating capital account and current account transactions, duties of authorized foreign exchange dealers, penalties for non-compliance, and establishment of authorities to enforce the act.
Accounting conventions
This document discusses accounting concepts, conventions, standards, and methods. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the rules and concepts accepted by the accounting community for sound accounting practice.
- Accounting concepts are basic assumptions that form the foundation of the accounting structure, such as the business entity, money measurement, going concern, and accrual concepts.
- Accounting conventions are common practices followed in recording and presenting accounting information, like consistency, full disclosure, and conservatism.
- Accounting standards are written policies issued by expert accounting bodies to ensure uniformity in accounting practices and financial reporting.
- The double entry system
Principles of insurance
Hi guys! I have uploaded the power point presentation for Principles of Insurance, If any one has queries in regards to this topic, you can comment below,
Thanks!
Sanmeet.
Type of auditing
The document discusses different types of audits. It defines statutory audit as a compulsory audit prescribed by law for certain organizations like companies, banks, insurance companies, and co-operative societies. Government audit covers the audit of government funds and public enterprises. Non-statutory or private audits are voluntary and terms are agreed between the auditor and client. Other types discussed include sole proprietorship and partnership audits, as well as operational, management, and social audits.
Risk & return analysis
1) Total risk of a security is composed of systematic risk, which stems from external market factors, and unsystematic risk, which is specific to a company.
2) Diversifying a portfolio by holding many securities with returns that are not perfectly positively correlated can reduce total risk through lowering unsystematic risk exposure.
3) The degree of risk reduction from diversification depends on the correlation between the returns of the securities in the portfolio. Perfectly negatively correlated securities eliminate risk, while perfectly positively correlated securities do not allow for risk reduction through diversification.
Managerial Economics- objective of firm
Managerial Economics- Types of Firm, Objectives of a Firm i.e Sales Maximization, Profit Maximization,Utility Maximization ,Welfare Maximization, Growth Maximization
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Fund flow statement
The document provides information on fund flow statements, including their meaning, definition, purpose, and preparation. It defines a fund flow statement as a report on the movement of funds or working capital during an accounting period. It explains how working capital is raised and used. The summary then outlines some key points on the meaning of funds, items that constitute sources and uses of funds, and the objectives and limitations of fund flow statements.
Venture capital
This document provides an overview of a presentation on venture capital. It includes definitions of venture capital, the nature and scope of venture capital, regulatory framework, problems with venture capital, the venture capital investment process, the current scenario in India, global experience, and conclusions. The document outlines topics that will be covered in the presentation and provides background information on venture capital concepts.
Cost audit meaning, importance, objectives, phases
Cost audit is defined as the verification of correctness of cost accounts and adherence to cost accounting principles, plans, and procedures. It aims to be a preventative measure and guide for management decisions by acting as a barometer of performance. The objectives of cost audit include detecting errors and preventing fraud, verifying cost accounts are maintained according to principles, and ensuring efficiency.
fund flow statement
what is fund flow statement, current and noncurrent assets and liabilities, objectives, characteristics, and limitations of fund flow statement, how to make fund flow, format of fund flow, sources of fund flow
Solved Cash Flow Statements with Balance Sheet (Vertical) and Notes to Accoun...
I assure you that this project of mine will fetch you a very good score.
Good Luck!!
Go to the links below for the following...
Solved Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Full Project(Comprehensive Project, Ratio Analysis and Cash Flow Statements with Conclusion)
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-cbse-class-12-accountancy-full-projectcomprehensive-project-ratio-analysis-and-cash-flow-statements-with-conclusion
Solved Comprehensive Project Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Project
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-comprehensive-project-cbse-class-12-accountancy-project
Solved Accounting Ratios with Balance Sheet(vertical) and Statement of Profit and Loss - Cbse Class 12 Accountancy Project
http://www.slideshare.net/dankjohn/solved-accounting-ratios-with-balance-sheetvertical-and-statement-of-profit-and-loss-cbse-class-12-accountancy-project
Sickness in small scale industries
The document defines industrial sickness as an industrial company that has accumulated losses exceeding its net worth for two consecutive years and has suffered cash losses. It lists several signs of industrial sickness including declining capacity utilization, liquidity shortages, and failure to maintain proper financial records or pay statutory dues. Internal causes include lack of financing, poor production policies, ineffective marketing and personnel management, and weak corporate management. External causes include constraints related to labor, marketing, production, and access to financing. Industrial sickness can result in huge financial losses, job losses, reduced investment and tax revenue. Early identification and interventions such as infrastructure improvements, technology upgrades, marketing assistance and government review can help address industrial sickness.
Financial leverage
The document defines leverage as using fixed costs to magnify returns. There are two types of fixed costs: operating costs like rent and salaries, and financial costs like interest from debt. Leverage can increase risk but also returns. There are three types of leverage: operating, financial, and total. Operating leverage is the effect of fixed operating costs on income. Financial leverage is the effect of fixed financing costs like debt and preferred stock on earnings per share. Degree of operating leverage and degree of financial leverage measure the multiplier effect of each type of leverage. Examples using data from a levered company show that a 10% increase in sales would increase operating income by 17.14% due to operating leverage of 1.714, and operating income
LIC act 1956 Provisions
The Life Insurance Corporation Act of 1956 established the Life Insurance Corporation of India as a statutory body to carry on life insurance business in India. Some key points:
- The Act was passed by Parliament in 1956 and came into effect on July 1, 1956. It established LIC as a body corporate with perpetual succession.
- LIC has exclusive privilege to carry on life insurance business in India. It must establish zonal offices in major cities and can form committees to oversee investments and operations.
- LIC is governed by a board of directors appointed by the central government. It must have its accounts audited annually and submit reports to Parliament. Any surplus funds are allocated to policyholders.
- The
Macro economics
Macroeconomics is the study of the behavior and performance of the economy as a whole. It deals with factors that determine total output, employment, prices, and trade balances. Macroeconomics has both theoretical and policy orientations. Theoretical macroeconomics uses models to explain relationships between macroeconomic variables, while policy macroeconomics provides tools like fiscal and monetary policies to guide economic growth and stability. Macroeconomics analyzes the total economy, while microeconomics focuses on individual markets, firms, industries, and consumers. Both are interrelated, as macroeconomic theory builds on microeconomic foundations and microeconomic performance depends on the macroeconomic environment.
Accountancy 12th class Project Work (both comprehensive and specific)
I have uploaded a ppt of accountancy 12th class project work which have about 55 pages but i have uploaded only 32 pages some ledgers and introductory has been depleted rest there is full project if in case of any query you can consult me Himanshu Mishra- hmishra678
Bifr
The document discusses the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in India. It provides background on its establishment, including that the government set up BIFR in 1987 based on recommendations from a 1981 committee to address industrial sickness. It summarizes the objectives of BIFR as taking legal, financial and managerial measures to aid revival of sick industrial units. The document also briefly outlines the types of companies that fall under BIFR and how references are made to it.
Chapter23 projectreviewandadministrativeaspects
The document discusses various aspects of project review and administration for capital budgeting such as controlling in-progress projects, conducting post-completion audits, evaluating economic versus book rates of return, guidelines for project abandonment analysis, addressing agency problems, and disciplining the capital budgeting process for small expenditures. It also provides details on evaluating capital budgeting systems, classification of investment proposals, and overcoming resistance to abandoning failing projects.
RISK ANALYSIS IN CAPITAL BUDGETING
Discuss the concept of risk in investment decisions.
Understand some commonly used techniques, i.e., payback, certainty equivalent and risk-adjusted discount rate, of risk analysis in capital budgeting.
Focus on the need and mechanics of sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis.
Highlight the utility and methodology simulation analysis.
Explain the decision tree approach in sequential investment decisions.
Focus on the relationship between utility theory and capital budgeting decisions.
Debentures
This document discusses debentures as a form of long-term borrowed capital for companies. It defines debentures as certificates issued by a company to acknowledge its debt. Debenture holders are creditors and debentures provide them a fixed rate of interest. They do not hold voting rights. Debentures can be secured against company assets or unsecured. They may also be convertible to equity after a set time period. The document outlines key features and advantages and disadvantages of debenture financing for companies.
FEMA-Foreign Exchange Management Act
The document summarizes the statutory basis and key provisions of foreign exchange regulation in India. [1] The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 and subsequent Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 form the statutory basis for regulating foreign exchange. [2] FEMA aims to consolidate and amend foreign exchange laws to facilitate trade and maintain an orderly foreign exchange market. [3] Key provisions of FEMA include regulating capital account and current account transactions, duties of authorized foreign exchange dealers, penalties for non-compliance, and establishment of authorities to enforce the act.
Accounting conventions
This document discusses accounting concepts, conventions, standards, and methods. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the rules and concepts accepted by the accounting community for sound accounting practice.
- Accounting concepts are basic assumptions that form the foundation of the accounting structure, such as the business entity, money measurement, going concern, and accrual concepts.
- Accounting conventions are common practices followed in recording and presenting accounting information, like consistency, full disclosure, and conservatism.
- Accounting standards are written policies issued by expert accounting bodies to ensure uniformity in accounting practices and financial reporting.
- The double entry system
Principles of insurance
Hi guys! I have uploaded the power point presentation for Principles of Insurance, If any one has queries in regards to this topic, you can comment below,
Thanks!
Sanmeet.
Type of auditing
The document discusses different types of audits. It defines statutory audit as a compulsory audit prescribed by law for certain organizations like companies, banks, insurance companies, and co-operative societies. Government audit covers the audit of government funds and public enterprises. Non-statutory or private audits are voluntary and terms are agreed between the auditor and client. Other types discussed include sole proprietorship and partnership audits, as well as operational, management, and social audits.
Risk & return analysis
1) Total risk of a security is composed of systematic risk, which stems from external market factors, and unsystematic risk, which is specific to a company.
2) Diversifying a portfolio by holding many securities with returns that are not perfectly positively correlated can reduce total risk through lowering unsystematic risk exposure.
3) The degree of risk reduction from diversification depends on the correlation between the returns of the securities in the portfolio. Perfectly negatively correlated securities eliminate risk, while perfectly positively correlated securities do not allow for risk reduction through diversification.
Managerial Economics- objective of firm
Managerial Economics- Types of Firm, Objectives of a Firm i.e Sales Maximization, Profit Maximization,Utility Maximization ,Welfare Maximization, Growth Maximization
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Cost audit meaning, importance, objectives, phases
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Solved Cash Flow Statements with Balance Sheet (Vertical) and Notes to Accoun...
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Accountancy 12th class Project Work (both comprehensive and specific)
Accountancy 12th class Project Work (both comprehensive and specific)