Objectives may be defined as the expectation of the end-result for an organization Management by Objectives meanwhile refers to establishment of effective standards for managerial positions and the periodic conversion of those into measurable and time bound objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Objectives may be defined as the expectation of the end-result for an organization Management by Objectives meanwhile refers to establishment of effective standards for managerial positions and the periodic conversion of those into measurable and time bound objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This beautiful presentation is all about MBO and linking it with other motivation theories and most material is taken from book of organizational behavior (OB) 15 edition by Stephen P. Robbins.
This is some basic concept of management by objectives. Hopefully this presentation will help u people in better understanding of this..................thank you.
Management by objectives (MBO) is a systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on achievable goals and to attain the best possible results from available resources.
This beautiful presentation is all about MBO and linking it with other motivation theories and most material is taken from book of organizational behavior (OB) 15 edition by Stephen P. Robbins.
This is some basic concept of management by objectives. Hopefully this presentation will help u people in better understanding of this..................thank you.
Management by objectives (MBO) is a systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on achievable goals and to attain the best possible results from available resources.
Management by objectives (MBO) is a systematic and organized approach that aims to increase organizational performance.
In other hand.
Management by Exception (MBE) is a "policy by which management devotes its time to investigating only those situations in which actual results differ significantly from planned results.’’
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic approach to enhance the performance of an organization.
It is a process where the goals of the organization are defined and conveyed by the management to the members of the organization with the intention to achieve each objective.
Management by exception is a business management strategy that states that managers and supervisors should examine, investigate and develop solutions for only those issues where there is a deviation from
set standards,
norms,
business practices,
or any other financial goals like profits deviation, quality issues, infrastructure issues, etc. instead of examining and dealing with each routine business activities.
Breast & it's problems and treatment made by sonal Patelsonal patel
Breast & it's problems and treatment - Anatomy of Breast and Physiology of lactation , Breast Diseases - 1. bening breast problems, Breast Cancer, bening neoplastic lump made by sonal Patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional ...sonal patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional Supplements,, Food Acquired Infections,medicine, alcohol,smoking, Sexual Intercose avoid, Exercise, Clinical Screening in PPT made by sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, C...sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, Complications,and Chorionic Villus sampling ( CVS) , Risk of Procedure, Steps of Procedure in PPT -Define, Time for test made By sonal Patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiol...sonal patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiological Amenorrhea and It's Treatment and management, Cushing Syndrome - Define, Causes, Sign And Symptoms in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Abruptio placenta- Define, cause, sign and symptoms, Risk Factors, Incidence,pathology, Classification, Prevention and Treatment, management in PPT made by sonal Patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detecte...sonal patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detected,ABO Blood Group System,Rh Blood Group System,Pathogenesis Of Rh Isoimmunisation, Prevention and Management of ABO incompatibility in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital ...sonal patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital tract- Factore, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment in that one type DUB- Define, sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management, hormonal Therapy in PPT made By sonal Patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth...sonal patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth defect, Cardiovascular System Birth defect,Digestive System Birth defect, Extremity Birth defect made by sonal Patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development o...sonal patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development of Zygote stage ,development of Embrionic Stage ,development of Fetus Stage all are according week development,Amnione,chorion,Fetal layer, Umbilical Cord developmentmade By sonal Patel
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. 1
MBO (Management by Objectives)
Management by objectives (MBO) is a process whereby superiors & subordinates jointly
identify the common objectives ,set the results that should be achieved by subordinates,
asses the contribution of each individual, and integrate individuals with the organization
so as to make best use of organizational resources.
Definition
“MBO is a comprehensive managerial system that integrates many key managerial
activities in a systematic manner, consciously directed toward the effective & efficient
achievement of organizational objectives.”
“MBO is a result centered, non-specialist, operational managerial process for the effective
utilization of material, physical & human resources of the organization by integrating the
individual with the organization & organization with the environment.”
Objectives of MBO:
1. To measure and judge performance
2. To relate individual performance to organizational goals
3. To clarify both the job to be done and the expectations of accomplishment
4. To foster the increasing competence & growth of these subordinates
5. To enhance communication between superior and subordinates
6. To serve as a basis for judgments about salary and promotion
7. To stimulate the subordinates motivation and
8. To serve as a device for organizational control and integration.
Characteristics of MBO
1. MBO is an approach & philosophy to management& not merely a technique.
2. On the other hand, MBO is likely to affect every management technique. MBO employs
several technique but it is not merely the sum total of these techniques. It is a way of thinking
about management.
3. MBO is bound to have some relationship with every management technique. Certain
degree of overlapping is there. In fact often MBO provides the stimulus for the introduction
of new techniques of management & enhances the relevance & utility of the existing ones.
4. The basic emphasis of MBO is an objective.MBO is also concerned with determining what
these results & resources should be. This MBO tries to match objectives & resources.
2. 2
5. The MBO is characterized by the participation concerned managers in objective setting,
the performance reviews, and his performance.
6. Periodic review of performance is an important feature of MBO.
7. Objectives in MBO provide guidelines for appropriate systems procedures.
Steps in process of MBO
1. Setting of Organizational Purpose & Objectives
2. Identify the Key Result Areas(KRAs)
3. Establishment of the objectives of the supervision
4. Recommending objectives for the subordinates by the superiors.
5. Setting subordinates objectives
6. Periodic review of the performance of the subordinates.
7. Review of the performance by the superiors.
8. Final review of performance by the superiors.
9. Performance appraisal by superiors.
10. Providing feedback to the top level.
Steps of MBO
1. Setting Goals
1. Top managers formulate the overall organizational goals
2. Middle managers work with first line managers to set goals
3. This strengths organization‘s overall goals and commitment.
2. Planning
During action planning, managers decide in the who, what, whom, and how‖ detail needed
to achieve each objective.
3. Implementing plans
1. To control their performance managers must be allowed to implement plans in their own
way.
2. Element of self control
Reviewing performance
3. 3
achieve individual & group goals
MBO Process Cycle
Benefits of MBO
1. Better management of organization
i. Clarity of objectives
ii. Role clarity
iii. Periodic feedback of performance.
iv. Participation by managers in the management process
v. Realization that there is always scope for improvement of performance in every situation.
2. Clarity in organizational action
3. Personnel satisfaction
4. Basis for organizational change.
Limitations of MBO
1. Time and cost
2. Failure to teach MBO philosophy
3. Problems in objective setting
4. Emphasis on short- term objectives
5. Inflexibility
6. Frustration
Pre requisites for installing MBO program
1. Purpose of MBO
2. Top management support
3. Training for MBO
4. 4
4. Participation
5. Feedback for self direction&self control
6. Other factors:-
i. Implementing MBO at lower levels
ii.MBO& Salary Decision
iii. Conflicting objectives.