The document discusses various topics related to communication and management. It covers the importance of good communication, the communication process, barriers to effective communication, and skills for managers. Specifically, it outlines the transmission and feedback phases of the communication process, barriers like perception and ineffective media, and skills for managers to improve communication as both senders and receivers of messages.
This document discusses communication and provides information on:
1) The communication process involving a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
2) Verbal and nonverbal communication methods.
3) Factors that influence perception in communication like biases and stereotypes.
4) Different communication media and their relative information richness, from most to least being face-to-face, telephone, email, impersonal writing.
5) Barriers to effective communication and skills for managers to improve communication.
The document discusses communication and the communication process. It describes communication as the passing of information from one person to another, and notes the importance of clear understanding. The communication process involves a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, different communication media like face-to-face, telephone, written, email, and their information richness. Technological advances in communication like the internet, intranets, and groupware are also covered.
The document discusses communication and the communication process. It describes communication as the passing of information from one person to another, and notes the importance of clear understanding. The communication process involves a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, different communication media like face-to-face, telephone, written, email, and their information richness. Technological advances in communication like the internet, intranets, and groupware are also covered.
The document outlines a presentation on communication in management and IT. It discusses the importance of communication, defines key terms like interpersonal and organizational communication, reviews communication processes and directions, and identifies barriers to effective communication. It also examines persuasive communication techniques and provides managers with implications for improving communication within their organizations. The overall presentation aims to help participants understand communication fundamentals and apply strategies to enhance communication.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in managerial communication from a textbook. It defines communication and discusses interpersonal and organizational communication. It describes the communication process and potential barriers. It also outlines formal and informal communication networks in organizations and how new technologies impact communication. The document concludes with a list of important terms related to managerial communication.
This document is a learning outline for a chapter on communication and information technology. It covers topics such as understanding interpersonal and organizational communication, the process of interpersonal communication including components and methods, barriers to effective communication, organizational communication networks, the impact of information technology on communication, and communication issues in modern organizations. The outline provides learning objectives for students to focus on for each section to be covered in the chapter.
This document provides an outline for a chapter on communication and information technology. It covers topics such as understanding interpersonal and organizational communication, the process of interpersonal communication including encoding and decoding messages, barriers to effective communication, and types of organizational communication networks. It also discusses nonverbal communication, communication methods managers can use, and how to overcome barriers to communication. The document contains learning objectives for key topics in the chapter and exhibits that compare different communication methods and networks.
This document discusses improving personal and organizational communication. It describes the basic communication process and how filters can distort messages. It provides ways to improve communication skills, such as sending clear messages, listening actively, and using feedback. It also discusses formal and informal communication channels in organizations and using technology like email and voicemail effectively.
This document discusses communication and provides information on:
1) The communication process involving a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
2) Verbal and nonverbal communication methods.
3) Factors that influence perception in communication like biases and stereotypes.
4) Different communication media and their relative information richness, from most to least being face-to-face, telephone, email, impersonal writing.
5) Barriers to effective communication and skills for managers to improve communication.
The document discusses communication and the communication process. It describes communication as the passing of information from one person to another, and notes the importance of clear understanding. The communication process involves a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, different communication media like face-to-face, telephone, written, email, and their information richness. Technological advances in communication like the internet, intranets, and groupware are also covered.
The document discusses communication and the communication process. It describes communication as the passing of information from one person to another, and notes the importance of clear understanding. The communication process involves a sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, different communication media like face-to-face, telephone, written, email, and their information richness. Technological advances in communication like the internet, intranets, and groupware are also covered.
The document outlines a presentation on communication in management and IT. It discusses the importance of communication, defines key terms like interpersonal and organizational communication, reviews communication processes and directions, and identifies barriers to effective communication. It also examines persuasive communication techniques and provides managers with implications for improving communication within their organizations. The overall presentation aims to help participants understand communication fundamentals and apply strategies to enhance communication.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in managerial communication from a textbook. It defines communication and discusses interpersonal and organizational communication. It describes the communication process and potential barriers. It also outlines formal and informal communication networks in organizations and how new technologies impact communication. The document concludes with a list of important terms related to managerial communication.
This document is a learning outline for a chapter on communication and information technology. It covers topics such as understanding interpersonal and organizational communication, the process of interpersonal communication including components and methods, barriers to effective communication, organizational communication networks, the impact of information technology on communication, and communication issues in modern organizations. The outline provides learning objectives for students to focus on for each section to be covered in the chapter.
This document provides an outline for a chapter on communication and information technology. It covers topics such as understanding interpersonal and organizational communication, the process of interpersonal communication including encoding and decoding messages, barriers to effective communication, and types of organizational communication networks. It also discusses nonverbal communication, communication methods managers can use, and how to overcome barriers to communication. The document contains learning objectives for key topics in the chapter and exhibits that compare different communication methods and networks.
This document discusses improving personal and organizational communication. It describes the basic communication process and how filters can distort messages. It provides ways to improve communication skills, such as sending clear messages, listening actively, and using feedback. It also discusses formal and informal communication channels in organizations and using technology like email and voicemail effectively.
This document discusses project communication management and interpersonal communication. It defines communication, identifies the four main functions of communication as control, motivation, emotional expression, and information. It describes the communication process, methods of communication, barriers to effective communication, and how to overcome those barriers. It also discusses organizational communication, including formal vs informal communication, direction of communication flows, and communication networks. Key aspects of stakeholder management are outlined such as identifying and prioritizing stakeholders, understanding their interests, and communicating with stakeholders. Project reporting and the characteristics of reports are briefly covered.
1) Communication serves four main functions within organizations: sharing information, persuasion/motivation, emotional expression, and control.
2) The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver who decodes the message. Noise can distort the message.
3) Organizations use various channels for downward, upward, lateral, interpersonal, and electronic communication. The informal grapevine network also spreads information.
formal, informal communication, barriers to communication, effective communication, grapevine, rumors, gossips, personal, organizational, and semantic barriers of communication
Effective communication is important for organizations to learn new skills, become more responsive to customers, and improve products and services. Communication involves transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a medium. It is a two-way process that includes feedback to ensure understanding. Choosing an appropriate communication medium depends on factors like information richness, need for documentation, and whether feedback is required. Managers must develop strong communication skills as both senders and receivers of information to be effective leaders.
The document discusses key aspects of communication in organizations. It covers functions of communication like controlling behavior and providing motivation. It also outlines the communication process, including elements like the sender, message, channel, and receiver. Different types of communication channels and their characteristics are examined as well.
This document discusses different types of software and programming languages. It begins by defining software and describing the different levels of programming languages from machine language to high-level languages. It then discusses the types of software, including application software which are programs that assist users and system software which manages computer hardware and other software.
The document summarizes key concepts about communication from a chapter in a textbook. It discusses the main functions of communication, the communication process, different types of communication channels, barriers to effective communication, and choosing communication channels based on richness and context. It also covers topics like the grapevine, electronic communication, knowledge management, and cross-cultural communication.
This document provides learning outcomes for a chapter that discusses managerial communication. It covers key topics such as defining communication and its functions, methods of interpersonal communication including barriers and effectiveness, organizational communication including formal/informal communication and networks, the impact of technology, and contemporary communication issues. The chapter aims to help managers understand and improve their communication skills.
The document outlines learning topics for a chapter on communication including differentiating between interpersonal and organizational communication, explaining the communication process and methods, describing barriers to effective communication and how to overcome them, explaining how communication flows within organizations, defining various information technologies, and discussing current communication issues in organizations.
The document summarizes several models of communication:
- Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker and sees communication as a one-way process from speaker to passive audience.
- Shannon and Weaver's model conceptualizes communication as involving a sender, encoder, message, channel, decoder, receiver, and potential noise.
- Berlo's SMCR model examines the sender, message, channel, and receiver and the factors that influence each component.
- Schramm's model incorporates feedback and emphasizes that the background and relationship between communicators shapes the communication process. It sees communication as interpretive and context-dependent.
This document provides an overview of organizational communication. It defines communication and discusses its key functions in organizations. It describes the communication process and different types of communication channels. It also examines downward, upward, and horizontal communication and discusses improving communication effectiveness. The document outlines factors that influence communication media choice and barriers to effective communication. It concludes by examining current issues in organizational communication.
This document discusses managing communication in organizations. It covers the two-way communication process, barriers to effective communication, and different types of communication like downward, upward, lateral and electronic. It also discusses the importance of both formal and informal communication networks in organizations, specifically addressing organizational grapevines and how to manage rumors.
Effective Communication in the organization, Barriers to Communication, personal barriers, cultural barriers, semantic barriers, organizational barriers
Communication is a two-way process of transmitting ideas, plans, commands, and reports within an organization. It can be formal, occurring through official authorized channels in written form, or informal through impromptu discussions. There are various methods of communication including verbal, non-verbal, and electronic forms like email and video conferencing. Barriers to effective communication include filtering of information, selective perception, language differences, and cultural barriers between organizations with different contexts and interpretations.
Communication involves the transfer and understanding of meaning between individuals. Poor communication is often cited as a major cause of conflicts. Communication can flow vertically up and down an organizational hierarchy or laterally between peers. Upward communication provides feedback and ideas for improvement to managers, while downward communication relays goals and policies. Lateral communication occurs between peers. Both formal and informal networks exist, with the informal grapevine often spreading rumors and being perceived as more reliable than official communications. Nonverbal communication also conveys important messages through body language and expressions.
Managerial communication involves gathering information from inside and outside an organization, and distributing it appropriately. It is essential to every management function like planning, leading, and organizing. Communication is the process of sharing meaning between people through symbolic messages. It involves transmission of an idea from a sender to a receiver, with the goal of understanding. Models of the communication process include the Shannon-Weaver model of information transmission, Berlo's dynamic interactive model, and the transactional model of continuous reciprocal feedback between participants. Key elements are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Common communication symbols are oral words, written words, and nonverbal cues.
The document defines communication and explains its importance in organizations. It states that communication is the process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages between a sender and receiver. For communication to be effective, the message must be understood by the receiver as intended by the sender. The document also discusses the various types of communication flows in organizations, such as downward, upward, lateral, diagonal and external communication. It explains barriers to communication and factors for effective communication like the 7 C's. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and importance of communication in organizations.
This document discusses various aspects of business communication including:
1. It defines communication as the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver via a given medium, with two-way communication involving feedback.
2. It outlines the communication cycle involving input, message, channel, output, and feedback.
3. It identifies several categories of business communication including internal operational, external operational, and personal communication. It also discusses formal and informal communication networks within organizations.
4. It identifies various barriers to effective communication including semantic, psychological, organizational, and personal barriers.
Communication Process, Types and Models of CommunicationPrinson Rodrigues
Communication Process, Types and Models of Communication, Organizational Communication: Formal and Informal means of Communication; Types of Model: Linear, Interactive and Transactional Model.
The document summarizes key concepts about organizational communication from a textbook chapter. It covers:
1) The main functions of communication including control, motivation, emotional expression, and information sharing.
2) The communication process involving a sender, encoding, message, channel, decoding, receiver, noise, and feedback.
3) Types of communication channels, directions of communication, and barriers to effective communication such as filtering, selective perception, and information overload.
4) Interpersonal communication including oral, written, nonverbal forms and issues in global communication due to cultural and language differences.
Managing effective communication network in organisation through diplomacyAquatix Pharma
This document discusses effective communication in organizations. It covers various topics related to communication including what communication is, the stages of communication evolution, the importance of good communication, the communication process, the role of perception, dangers of ineffective communication, and different communication media. The document aims to teach managers how to effectively manage communication networks and develop strong communication skills.
Organizational communication involves the sending and receiving of messages within a company. It is impacted by a company's structure, whether pyramid, entrepreneurial, matrix, or independent. Communication can flow vertically between managers and subordinates, or horizontally between peers. It is important to choose the proper communication channel and medium depending on the situation, such as using email for convenience or meetings for teamwork. Effective communication requires understanding processes like encoding, decoding, feedback, and managing noise.
This document discusses project communication management and interpersonal communication. It defines communication, identifies the four main functions of communication as control, motivation, emotional expression, and information. It describes the communication process, methods of communication, barriers to effective communication, and how to overcome those barriers. It also discusses organizational communication, including formal vs informal communication, direction of communication flows, and communication networks. Key aspects of stakeholder management are outlined such as identifying and prioritizing stakeholders, understanding their interests, and communicating with stakeholders. Project reporting and the characteristics of reports are briefly covered.
1) Communication serves four main functions within organizations: sharing information, persuasion/motivation, emotional expression, and control.
2) The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver who decodes the message. Noise can distort the message.
3) Organizations use various channels for downward, upward, lateral, interpersonal, and electronic communication. The informal grapevine network also spreads information.
formal, informal communication, barriers to communication, effective communication, grapevine, rumors, gossips, personal, organizational, and semantic barriers of communication
Effective communication is important for organizations to learn new skills, become more responsive to customers, and improve products and services. Communication involves transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a medium. It is a two-way process that includes feedback to ensure understanding. Choosing an appropriate communication medium depends on factors like information richness, need for documentation, and whether feedback is required. Managers must develop strong communication skills as both senders and receivers of information to be effective leaders.
The document discusses key aspects of communication in organizations. It covers functions of communication like controlling behavior and providing motivation. It also outlines the communication process, including elements like the sender, message, channel, and receiver. Different types of communication channels and their characteristics are examined as well.
This document discusses different types of software and programming languages. It begins by defining software and describing the different levels of programming languages from machine language to high-level languages. It then discusses the types of software, including application software which are programs that assist users and system software which manages computer hardware and other software.
The document summarizes key concepts about communication from a chapter in a textbook. It discusses the main functions of communication, the communication process, different types of communication channels, barriers to effective communication, and choosing communication channels based on richness and context. It also covers topics like the grapevine, electronic communication, knowledge management, and cross-cultural communication.
This document provides learning outcomes for a chapter that discusses managerial communication. It covers key topics such as defining communication and its functions, methods of interpersonal communication including barriers and effectiveness, organizational communication including formal/informal communication and networks, the impact of technology, and contemporary communication issues. The chapter aims to help managers understand and improve their communication skills.
The document outlines learning topics for a chapter on communication including differentiating between interpersonal and organizational communication, explaining the communication process and methods, describing barriers to effective communication and how to overcome them, explaining how communication flows within organizations, defining various information technologies, and discussing current communication issues in organizations.
The document summarizes several models of communication:
- Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker and sees communication as a one-way process from speaker to passive audience.
- Shannon and Weaver's model conceptualizes communication as involving a sender, encoder, message, channel, decoder, receiver, and potential noise.
- Berlo's SMCR model examines the sender, message, channel, and receiver and the factors that influence each component.
- Schramm's model incorporates feedback and emphasizes that the background and relationship between communicators shapes the communication process. It sees communication as interpretive and context-dependent.
This document provides an overview of organizational communication. It defines communication and discusses its key functions in organizations. It describes the communication process and different types of communication channels. It also examines downward, upward, and horizontal communication and discusses improving communication effectiveness. The document outlines factors that influence communication media choice and barriers to effective communication. It concludes by examining current issues in organizational communication.
This document discusses managing communication in organizations. It covers the two-way communication process, barriers to effective communication, and different types of communication like downward, upward, lateral and electronic. It also discusses the importance of both formal and informal communication networks in organizations, specifically addressing organizational grapevines and how to manage rumors.
Effective Communication in the organization, Barriers to Communication, personal barriers, cultural barriers, semantic barriers, organizational barriers
Communication is a two-way process of transmitting ideas, plans, commands, and reports within an organization. It can be formal, occurring through official authorized channels in written form, or informal through impromptu discussions. There are various methods of communication including verbal, non-verbal, and electronic forms like email and video conferencing. Barriers to effective communication include filtering of information, selective perception, language differences, and cultural barriers between organizations with different contexts and interpretations.
Communication involves the transfer and understanding of meaning between individuals. Poor communication is often cited as a major cause of conflicts. Communication can flow vertically up and down an organizational hierarchy or laterally between peers. Upward communication provides feedback and ideas for improvement to managers, while downward communication relays goals and policies. Lateral communication occurs between peers. Both formal and informal networks exist, with the informal grapevine often spreading rumors and being perceived as more reliable than official communications. Nonverbal communication also conveys important messages through body language and expressions.
Managerial communication involves gathering information from inside and outside an organization, and distributing it appropriately. It is essential to every management function like planning, leading, and organizing. Communication is the process of sharing meaning between people through symbolic messages. It involves transmission of an idea from a sender to a receiver, with the goal of understanding. Models of the communication process include the Shannon-Weaver model of information transmission, Berlo's dynamic interactive model, and the transactional model of continuous reciprocal feedback between participants. Key elements are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Common communication symbols are oral words, written words, and nonverbal cues.
The document defines communication and explains its importance in organizations. It states that communication is the process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages between a sender and receiver. For communication to be effective, the message must be understood by the receiver as intended by the sender. The document also discusses the various types of communication flows in organizations, such as downward, upward, lateral, diagonal and external communication. It explains barriers to communication and factors for effective communication like the 7 C's. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and importance of communication in organizations.
This document discusses various aspects of business communication including:
1. It defines communication as the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver via a given medium, with two-way communication involving feedback.
2. It outlines the communication cycle involving input, message, channel, output, and feedback.
3. It identifies several categories of business communication including internal operational, external operational, and personal communication. It also discusses formal and informal communication networks within organizations.
4. It identifies various barriers to effective communication including semantic, psychological, organizational, and personal barriers.
Communication Process, Types and Models of CommunicationPrinson Rodrigues
Communication Process, Types and Models of Communication, Organizational Communication: Formal and Informal means of Communication; Types of Model: Linear, Interactive and Transactional Model.
The document summarizes key concepts about organizational communication from a textbook chapter. It covers:
1) The main functions of communication including control, motivation, emotional expression, and information sharing.
2) The communication process involving a sender, encoding, message, channel, decoding, receiver, noise, and feedback.
3) Types of communication channels, directions of communication, and barriers to effective communication such as filtering, selective perception, and information overload.
4) Interpersonal communication including oral, written, nonverbal forms and issues in global communication due to cultural and language differences.
Managing effective communication network in organisation through diplomacyAquatix Pharma
This document discusses effective communication in organizations. It covers various topics related to communication including what communication is, the stages of communication evolution, the importance of good communication, the communication process, the role of perception, dangers of ineffective communication, and different communication media. The document aims to teach managers how to effectively manage communication networks and develop strong communication skills.
Organizational communication involves the sending and receiving of messages within a company. It is impacted by a company's structure, whether pyramid, entrepreneurial, matrix, or independent. Communication can flow vertically between managers and subordinates, or horizontally between peers. It is important to choose the proper communication channel and medium depending on the situation, such as using email for convenience or meetings for teamwork. Effective communication requires understanding processes like encoding, decoding, feedback, and managing noise.
Here are some common communication ways that project managers and site supervisors in the construction industry use:
- Face-to-face meetings and discussions on site to coordinate work and resolve issues.
- Two-way radios to communicate with workers across loud work sites.
- Written communications like emails, reports, meeting minutes to document instructions, decisions and progress.
- Drawing and schematics to convey design and technical details.
- Online project management software to share schedules, tasks, documents with all stakeholders.
- Teleconferences and video calls to coordinate with remote teams and clients.
- Notice boards to display notices, updates and safety instructions for all on-site workers.
- Using
Communication involves the transmission of information from one person to another through both verbal and non-verbal means. It is a two-way process that allows for the sharing of information and understanding between individuals. The key components of the communication process are the message, sender, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Effective communication relies on clear encoding and decoding of messages between a sender and receiver, with feedback to confirm understanding and address any issues caused by noise in the channel.
Advanced communication skills involve mastering the complex communication process. This process includes elements like the source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and context. At each stage, barriers can arise, so advanced skills are needed to effectively guide communication between individuals or groups to achieve goals. These skills require understanding how communication works and how to best tailor the message based on factors like the audience and situation. With practice, advanced communication skills can be learned and improved.
Communication management is considered essential for successful projects and organizational functions. The five W's of communication management are what information is needed, who needs it, when they need it, what format it should be in, and who is responsible for sharing it. The communication process involves a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver, who then interprets and provides feedback on the message. Effective communication methods choose the best medium, such as written, oral, face-to-face, or online communications, to clearly and cost-effectively share the right message with the intended audience.
This document discusses organizational communication and identifies several key points. It defines communication as the lifeblood of organizations and explains its importance. The communication process is outlined as having eight steps from developing an idea to providing feedback. Barriers to effective communication are also examined, such as differences in frames of reference, information overload, and status. Techniques for overcoming barriers include repetition, empathy, understanding, feedback, and listening. Overall, the document emphasizes the significance of communication for school administrators and provides strategies to improve communication within organizations.
Communication involves the sharing of information between individuals or groups to reach a common understanding. It is the process of exchanging information from a sender to a receiver. Effective communication improves quality, responsiveness, and innovation in organizations through functions like control, motivation, emotional expression, and information sharing. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, transmitting it through a channel, and a receiver decoding the message, with potential noise or distortions. Organizations use formal downward, upward, and lateral communication channels as well as informal small group networks and the grapevine. Barriers to effective communication include filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotions, language differences, and cross-cultural differences.
The document discusses key aspects of communication including the communication process, perception, communication networks, and skills for effective communication. It covers the encoding and decoding of messages, factors that can interfere with communication like biases and stereotypes, and the importance of selecting the right communication medium based on its information richness. Managers need strong communication skills as both senders and receivers of messages to ensure clear understanding. Technological advances have provided new options but also risks of information overload.
This document discusses effective organizational communication. It begins by outlining the communication process, including the source encoding a message, choosing a channel to send it through, the receiver decoding the message, and feedback. It then covers forms of communication like oral, written, and nonverbal. Direction of communication in organizations can be vertical or lateral. Organizational communication can occur through formal and informal networks. Barriers to communication and the results of communication failures are also examined. The document concludes with principles for good information and discusses whether perfect communication is attainable.
This document discusses effective organizational communication. It begins by outlining the communication process, including the source encoding a message, choosing a channel to send it through, the receiver decoding the message, and feedback. It then covers forms of communication like oral, written, and nonverbal. Direction of communication in organizations can be vertical or lateral. Organizational communication can occur through formal and informal networks. Barriers to communication and the results of communication failures are also examined. The document concludes with principles for good information and discussing whether perfect communication is attainable.
Communication involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver. The receiver then decodes and tries to understand the message. For communication to be successful, the sender and receiver must share a common language or symbols so the message is understood as intended. Effective communication is important for organizations as it allows managers to conduct business and make informed decisions, and helps coordination between employees. Barriers like differing interpretations or psychological factors can prevent full understanding if not addressed.
The document discusses communication in organizations. It defines communication, identifies its key features and importance, and describes the communication process and principles. It also discusses types of communication, e-communication, barriers to effective communication, and ways to improve communication effectiveness. The objectives are to understand communication, recognize how it works, discuss its role and elements, and identify how to enhance communication.
Communication involves the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver. There are various components in the communication process including the sender, message, channel, medium, receiver, and feedback. Communication can be one-way, with information flowing from the sender to receiver only, or two-way, allowing feedback from the receiver to the sender. Channels of communication in organizations include vertical communication up and down the hierarchy and lateral communication between peers. Common communication media are written, oral, and electronic forms.
This document discusses organizational communication and defines key concepts. It is divided into several sections:
1) It defines communication and its main functions within organizations as conveying information, persuasion, motivation, and emotional expression.
2) It describes the communication process including encoding, messaging, channels, decoding, feedback.
3) It outlines different directions of communication flow within organizations including downward, upward, and lateral.
4) It discusses interpersonal communication methods like oral, written, and nonverbal communication.
5) It examines organizational networks, the informal grapevine, and electronic communication methods.
6) Finally, it briefly mentions managing information and barriers to effective communication.
From theory, what are some communication channels and barriers Now .pdffeetshoemart
From theory, what are some communication channels and barriers? Now from professional
experiences, what are some communication channels and barriers? As management practitioners,
how do we overcome communication barriers to be our strengths? please cite
Solution
Communication is the conveying of a message to a person or masses through words, signs or
gestures. The exchanging of thoughts, ideas and information in a network is called
communication. In terms of organization, proper communication holds an important role for
smooth and effective results. There are certain channels through which commuication is done
from person to person. Channel can be defined as the source through which a message is
tranferred from the giver to the reciever. Selection of the channel depends upon the nature of the
message to be communicated and the receiver to whom the message is communicated. The
channels of communication could be verbally spoken words, words in written, electronic media
and non verbally transferred message through signs or body language. These main channels of
communication can further be classified into small channels. Like words in written can be in
form of letters, emails, posters, newspapers, etc. Electronic media, which is the most common
channel of communication includes TV, radio, telephone, internet.
The barriers of communication are the obstacles that come in an effective communication
between the giver and reciever and cause the message to be conveyed wrongly or incompletly.
The main barriers to an effective communication can be as follows:
- Terms used in language of communication are complicated and not in simple and
understandable vocabulary.
- Distraction due to lack of interest or irrelevance.
- Physical disabilities of the communicator or reciever of the message.
- setting a perception or viewpoint from before.
- difference of language or accent and cultures
- Building up expectations to what they want to convey or want to hear.
- Physical gestures and signs can be misunderstood or not conveyed in the correct manner.
- Lack of knowledge or overloaded knowledge
- lack of communication skills.
- distractions through noise.
- wrong mode of communication
The barriers of communications once identifiid have to be erased for deriving results from the
message communicated. The methods to overcome the barriers could be as follows:
- Clarity of the message to the communicator- The communicator himself should be clear about
the message he wants to convey to the reciever. And accordingly choose the correct channel and
method in which the message can be transfered in the most effecient way.
- Understanding the reciever\'s nature and need- It can to be identified that what is the best way
in which the reciever of the message will understand the message clearly and then forming the
mode and method to communicate the message.
- Frame the message with consistency- The message should be framed in such a way that is
should be aligned with the polic.
The document describes the process of communication from the source to the receiver. It involves the following key steps: 1) a source encodes a message using a channel to transmit it; 2) the receiver decodes and understands the message; 3) the receiver provides feedback in response, completing the two-way communication process. Effective communication relies on selecting an appropriate channel and overcoming barriers between the sender and receiver, such as semantic, psychological, organizational, emotional, and language barriers. Communication is essential for organizations as the primary means of exchanging information and a major activity that managers engage in.
This document discusses communication skills for managers. It explains the communication process and how perception, biases, and stereotypes can influence it. Different communication media like face-to-face, email, and reports are compared based on their information richness. Technological advances have provided new communication options like intranets and groupware. Effective communication requires clear messages, appropriate media selection, feedback, and strong listening skills.
This document discusses communication in organizations. It covers the communication process, including encoding, decoding, feedback. It describes different communication media and their information richness. Networks within groups and how technology has advanced communication are also covered. Managers need skills in selecting the right medium and message for effective communication. Barriers to communication like unclear messages or ignoring feedback can hurt organizations.
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The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
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2. Communication and
Management
• Topics Covered
– The Importance of Good Communication
– The Communication Process
– The Role of Perception in Communication
– The Dangers of Ineffective Communication
– Information Richness and Communication Media
– Face-to-Face Communication
– Spoken Communication Electronically Communicated
– Personally Addressed Written Communication
3. Communication and
Management
• Topics Covered (cont’d)
– Impersonal Written Communication
• Communication Networks
– Communication Networks in Groups and Teams
– Organizational Communication Networks
– External Networks
• Technological Advances in Communication
– The Internet
– Intranets
– Groupware
4. Communication and
Management
• Topics Covered
• Communication Skills for Managers
– Communication Skills for Managers as Senders
– Communication Skills for Managers as
Receivers
– Understanding Linguistic Styles
5. Communication
Communication - the evoking of a shared or common
meaning in another person
Interpersonal Communication - communication
between two or more people in an organization
Communicator - the person originating the message
Receiver - the person receiving a message
Perceptual Screen - a window through which we
interact with people that influences the quality,
accuracy, and clarity of the communication
6. Communication
Message - the thoughts and feelings that the
communicator is attempting to elicit in the
receiver
Feedback Loop - the pathway that
completes two-way communication
Language - the words, their pronunciation,
and the methods of combining them used &
understood by a group of people
7. Communication
Data - uninterpreted and unanalyzed facts
Information - data that have been interpreted,
analyzed, & and have meaning to some user
Richness - the ability of a medium or channel
to elicit or evoke meaning in the receiver
8. Communication and
Management
• Communication - Definition
– The sharing of information between two or
more individuals or groups to reach a common
understanding.
• Importance of Good Communication
– Increased efficiency in new technologies and
skills
• Learning, Implementing, Training
• Expands workers skills
9. Communication and
Management
• Importance of Good Communication
– Improved quality of products and services
Meaning and importance of quality
How to attain quality
– Subordinates communicate problems and
solutions for increasing quality to superiors
10. Communication and
Management
• Importance of Good Communication
– Increased responsiveness to customers
• Empowered workers lower response time to satisfy
customer wants and needs
11. Communication and
Management
• Importance of Good Communication
– More innovation through communication
• Cross-functional teams communicating effectively
produce higher quality products more efficiently
12. The Communication Process
• Phases of the Communication Process:
– Transmission phase in which information is
shared by two or more people.
– Feedback phase in which a common
understanding is assured.
13. The Communication Process
• Phases of the Communication Process:
– Transmission phase in which information is shared by
two or more people.
• The process starts with a sender (an individual or
group) who wants to share information.
– Senders must decide what information to share and puts
the message into symbols or language (encoding).
• Noise: anything harming the communication process
– Once encoded the message is sent through a medium to
a receiver
14. The Communication Process
• Phases of the Communication Process:
• The receiver interprets or decodes the
message
15. The Communication Process
• Phases of the Communication Process:
– Feedback phase in which a common
understanding is assured.
– The receiver decides what the message means
and communicates it back to the sender.
– The original sender decodes the message and
makes sure that a common understanding has
been reached.
17. The Communication Process
(cont’d)
• Messages are transmitted over a medium to a
receiver.
– Medium: the pathway over which the message is
transmitted (e.g., telephone, written note, email).
– Receiver: the person getting the message.
• The receiver decodes (interprets) the message, allowing the
receiver to understand the message.
• This is a critical point: failure to properly decode the message
can lead to a misunderstanding.
– Feedback by receiver informs the sender that the
message is understood or that it must be re-sent.
18. Communication Issues
• Verbal Communication
– The encoding of messages into words, either
written or spoken
• Nonverbal
– The encoding of messages by means of facial
expressions, body language, and styles of dress.
19. The Role of Perception in
Communication
• Senders and receivers communicate based
on their subjective perceptions.
– Subjective perception can lead to biases and
stereotypes that can interfere with effective
communication.
– Effective managers avoid communications
based on biases and stereotypes.
20. The Role of Perception in
Communication
• Communication relates to senders and receivers
personality, perceptions, and motivations.
– Example: A recently promoted manager communicates
with a rival for the same promotion. The rival feels that
the assignment is beneath them and was given as a
power play by the newly promoted manager.
The newly promoted manager feels that the rival is the
only one capable of carrying out the project.
21. The Role of Perception in
Communication
What is sent
Motivation
Perception
What is sent
Motivation
Perception
Communication
method/media
22. The Dangers of Ineffective
Communication
• Managers and their subordinates can become
effective communicators by:
– Selecting an appropriate medium for each message—
there is no one “best” medium.
– Considering information richness (the amount of
information a medium can carry).
• A medium with high richness can carry much more
information to aid understanding.
– Is there a need for a paper path or electronic trail to
provide documentation of the communication?
24. Communication Media
• Face-to-Face
– Has highest information richness.
– Can take advantage of verbal and nonverbal signals.
– Provides for instant feedback.
• Management by wandering around takes advantage of this
with informal talks to workers.
• Video conferences provide
much of this richness and
reduce travel costs and
meeting times.
25. Communication Media (cont’d)
• Spoken Communication Electronically
Transmitted
– Has the second highest information richness.
• Telephone conversations are information rich with
tone of voice, sender’s emphasis, and quick
feedback, but provide no visual nonverbal cues.
26. Communication Media (cont’d)
• Personally Addressed Written Communication
– Has a lower richness than the verbal forms of
communication, but still is directed at a given person.
• Personal addressing helps ensure receiver actually reads the
message—personal letters and e-mail are common forms.
• Does not provide instant feedback to the sender although
sender may get feedback later.
• Excellent media for complex messages requesting follow-up
actions by receiver.
27. E-Mail Dos and Don’ts
• E-mail allows telecommuting employees to work
from home and keep in contact.
• The use of e-mail is growing rapidly and e-mail
etiquette is expected:
– Typing messages in all CAPITALS is seen as
“screaming” at the receiver.
– Punctuate your messages for easy reading and don’t
ramble on.
– Pay attention to spelling and treat the message like a
written letter.
28. Communication Media (cont’d)
• Impersonal Written Communication
– Has the lowest information richness.
• Good for messages to many receivers where little or
feedback is expected (e.g., newsletters, reports)
29. Ten Commandments of Email
• Don’t use your inbox as a catcall for everything
you need to work on. Read items once, answer
them immediately, delete them if possible or move
them to another folder.
• Set up a five weeks folder that deletes
automatically.
• Use common acronyms to identify important items
• Send group mail only when it is important to all
recipients
30. Ten Commandments of Email
• Ask to be removed from distribution lists you do
not need to be on.
• To cut down on pile up, use out of office
• Send messages that use only the subject line using
EOM to signify end of message
• Use graphics sparingly
• Attachments over 5mb to groups are better put on
company website
• Specify important parts of the attachment Pg 17
and 20
31. Communication Networks
• Communication Networks
– The pathways along which information flows in
groups and teams and throughout the
organization.
– Choice of communication network depends on:
• The nature of the group’s tasks
• The extent to which group members need to
communicate with each other to achieve group
goals.
32. Communication Networks
• Communication Networks
Pathways
– Vertical
• Manager to upper level managers
• Manager to subordinates (direct reports)
– Lateral
• Manager to other managers
33. Communication Networks in
Groups and Teams
Type of Network
Wheel Network Information flows to and from one central
member.
Chain Network Members communicate only with the people next
to them in the sequence.
Wheel and chain networks provide little interaction.
Circle Network Members communicate with others close to them
in terms of expertise, experience, and location.
All-Channel
Network
Networks found in teams with high levels of
communications between each member and all
others.
35. Organization Communication
Networks
• Organization Chart
– A pictorial representation of formal reporting channels
in an organization.
• Communication in an organization flows through formal and
informal pathways
• Vertical communications flow up and down the corporate
hierarchy.
• Horizontal communications flow between employees of the
same level.
• Informal communications can span levels and departments—
the grapevine is an informal network carrying unofficial
information throughout the firm.
37. Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication - all elements of
communication that do not involve words
Four basic types
– Proxemics - an individual’s perception & use of space
– Kinesics - study of body movements, including posture
– Facial & Eye Behavior - movements that add cues for the
receiver
– Paralanguage - variations in speech, such as pitch,
loudness, tempo, tone, duration, laughing, & crying
38. c
c = social 4-12’
b
b = personal 1.5-4’
Proxemics: Territorial Space
Territorial Space - bands of space extending
outward from the body; territorial space differs
from culture to culture
a
a = intimate <1.5’
dd = public >12’
39. Proxemics: Seating Dynamics
Seating Dynamics - seating people in certain
positions according to the person’s purpose in
communication
Cooperation
X O
Non-
Communication
O X O
Competition
X
O
X
Communication
O
40. Examples of
Decoding Nonverbal Cues
Boss fails to acknowledge
employee’s greeting
No eye contact
while
communicating
Manager sighs deeply
Boss breathes
heavily &
waves arms
He’s
unapproachable!
My opinion
doesn’t count
I wonder what
he’s hiding?
He’s angry! I’ll
stay out of
his way!
41. New Technologies
for Communication
• Informational databases
• Electronic mail systems
• Voice mail systems
• Fax machine systems
• Cellular phone systems
42. Technological Advances in
Communication
• Internet
– Global system of computer networks used by many
firms use it to communicate with their suppliers.
• World Wide Web (WWW)
– Provides multimedia access to the Internet.
• Intranets
– A company-wide system of computer networks for
information sharing by employees inside the firm.
43. Technological Advances in
Communication
• Groupware
– Computer software that enables members of
groups and teams to share information with
each other and improve communication.
• Best used to support team-oriented working
environments.
44. How Do New Technologies
Affect Behavior?
• Fast, immediate access to information
• Immediate access to people in power
• Instant information exchange across
distance
• Makes schedules & office hours irrelevant
• May equalize group power
• May equalize group participation
45. • Communication can become more impersonal--
interaction with a machine
• Interpersonal skills may diminish--less tact, less
graciousness
• Non-verbal cues lacking
• Alters social context
• Easy to become overwhelmed with information
• Encourages polyphasic activity
How Do New Technologies
Affect Behavior?
46. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Perceptual and attribution biases
– Conflicting assumptions
– Inadequate information
– Semantics
– Emotional Blocks
– Nonverbal communication barriers
– Cultural barriers
– Inadequate communication media
– Technological barriers
47. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Perceptual and attribution biases
Experience is different and causes wrong interpretation –
Common experiences gives common meaning
– Conflicting assumptions
Sender assumes receiver will use the same code to decode
as intended
Receiver decodes based on wrong assumptions due to
inadequate background information and creates a
misunderstanding
48. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Codes of past experience
• Facts
• Knowledge
• Beliefs
• Attitudes
• Social Roles
• Values
• Language
• Memories
All blended with
feelings and emotions
How many of these
should overlap to
decode the message
49. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Inadequate information
• Managers do not provide enough info to decode
50. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Semantics – Word usage
• You charge someone a fee for service.
• You charge something you purchase to pay later.
• You charge a battery.
• You charge an official with duties to perform.
• You charge a horse into battle.
• You get a charge out of something funny.
• You charge a criminal for crimes committed.
• The navy uses a depth charge.
51. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
Emotional Blocks
– Experiences have an emotional / feeling
component.
• A concert
• Wedding Day
• Movie
52. Barriers to Communication
• Physical separation
• Status differences
• Gender differences
• Cultural diversity
• Language
Communication
Barriers -
factors that block
or significantly
distort successful
communication
53. Communication Skills for Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
Nonverbal communication barriers
– Body motion – gestures, facial expressions, eye
behavior, touching, and so forth
• Physical characteristics – body shape, physique, posture,
height,weight,hair, and skin color
• Paralanguage – voice quality, volume, speech rate, pitch,
nonfluencies such as yaa, ah or um, laughing.
– Proxemics – ways people use and perceive space
Environment – building and room design, furniture,
decorations
Time – being late or early, keeping others waiting, time v.
status
54. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Cultural barriers
• Language, native customs, religious customs
– Inadequate communication media
• Use of wrong media to convey message completely
– Technological barriers
• Receiver does not have the ability or technological
capability to decode message
55. Communication Skills for
Managers
• Barriers to Effective Communication
– Messages that are unclear, incomplete, difficult to
understand
– Messages sent over the an inappropriate medium
– Messages with no provision for feedback
– Messages that are received but ignored
– Messages that are misunderstood
– Messages delivered through automated systems
that lack the human element
56. Communication Skills for Managers
• Managers as Senders
– Send clear and complete messages.
– Encode messages in symbols the receiver
understands.
– Select a medium appropriate for the message and,
importantly, one that is monitored by the receiver.
– Avoid filtering (holding back information) and
distortion as the message passes through other
workers.
– Ensure a feedback mechanism is included in the
message.
– Provide accurate information to avoid rumors.
57. Communication Skills For
Managers
• Managers as Receivers
– Pay attention to what is sent as a message.
– Be a good listener: don’t interrupt.
– Ask questions to clarify your understanding.
– Be empathetic: try to understand what the sender feels.
– Understand linguistic styles: different people speak
differently.
– Speed, tone, pausing all impact communication.
• This is particularly true across cultures and managers should
expect and plan for this.
59. Reflective Listening
Reflective Listening - the skill of listening
carefully to another person and repeating
back to the speaker the heard message to
correct any inaccuracies or misunderstandings
This complex
process needs
to be divided to
be understood
What I heard you
say was we will
understand the
process better if we
break it into steps
60. Reflective Listening
• Emphasizes receiver’s role
• Helps the receiver & communicator
clearly & fully understand the message
sent
• Useful in problem solving
61. Reflective Listening
Reflective listening emphasizes
• the personal elements of the communication
process
• the feelings communicated in the message
• responding to the communicator, not leading the
communicator
• the role or receiver or audience
• understanding people by reducing perceptual
distortions and interpersonal barriers
62. Reflective Listening:
4 Levels of Verbal Response
Affirm contact
Paraphrase the expressed
Clarify the implicit
Reflect “core” feelings
63. One-way vs. Two-way Communications
One-Way
Communication - a
person sends a message
to another person and no
questions, feedback, or
interaction follow
Good for giving
simple directions
Fast but often less
accurate than 2-way
communication
Two-Way
Communication - the
communicator & receiver
interact
Good for problem
solving
64. Five Keys to Effective
Supervisory Communication
• Expressive speaking
• Empathetic listening
• Persuasive leadership
• Sensitivity to feelings
• Informative management
65. Defensive Communication
Defensive Communication - communication that
can be aggressive, attacking & angry, or passive
& withdrawing
Leads to
– injured feelings
– communication breakdowns
– alienation
– retaliatory behaviors
– nonproductive efforts
– problem solving failures
67. Two Defensiveness Patterns
Dominant Defensiveness -
characterized by active,
aggressive, attacking behavior
Subordinate Defensiveness -
characterized by passive,
submissive, withdrawing
behavior
68. Defensive Tactics
Defensive Tactic Speaker Example
Power Play Boss “Finish this report by month’s end or
lose your promotion.”
Put-Down Boss “A capable manager would already be
done with this report.”
Labeling Boss “You must be a slow learner. Your
report is still not done?”
Raising Doubts Boss “How can I trust you, Chris, if you can’t
finish an easy report?”
69. Defensive Tactics
Defensive Tactic Speaker Example
Misleading
Information
Employee “Morgan has not gone over with me
the information I need for the report.”
[Morgan left Chris with a copy of the
report.]
Scapegoating Employee “Morgan did not give me input until
just today.”
Hostile Jokes Employee “You can’t be serious! The report isn’t
that important.”
Deception Employee “I gave it to the secretary. Did she lose
it?”
70. Non-defensive Communication:
A Powerful Tool
• Speaker seen as centered, assertive, controlled,
informative, realistic, and honest
• Speaker exhibits self-control & self possession
• Listener feels accepted rather than rejected
• Catherine Crier’s rules to nondefensive
communication
1. Define the situation
2. Clarify the person’s position
3. Acknowledge the person’s feelings
4. Bring the focus back to the facts
71. Strive for
message
completeness
Tips for Effective Communication
Build in
feedback
opportunities
Provide
social
interaction
opportunities
Don’t
assume
immediate
response
Is the
message
really
necessary?
Regularly
disconnect
from the
technology
Provide
social
interaction
opportunities
72. Effective Communication Techniques Ineffective Communication Techniques
Do this more and develop trust: Do this less to avoid conflict and fear:
♦ Active listening, focus on their issues and
how you can better understand them
◊ Interrupting them, focus on your own issues and
prerogatives
♦ Clarifying mutual goals, objectives and
outcomes, allowing different approaches
◊ Being vague about desired outcomes; prescribing what
others should do
♦ Making agreements for mutual advantage;
keeping the agreements or changing them
when necessary; not breaking agreements
◊ Demanding compliance from others; using excuses for
own failures
♦ Releasing energy of people to perform at
their best using all of their talents and skills in
the ways they think best
◊ Controlling energy of people to get them to do exactly
what you want them to do the way you want them to do it
Communication Techniques
73. Communication Techniques
Effective Communication Techniques Ineffective Communication Techniques
Do this more and develop trust: Do this less to avoid conflict and fear:
♦ Describing desired outcomes and
developing agreement and support
◊ Telling people what to do and demanding compliance
♦ Sharing as much information as possible
with everyone and let them decide if they
need it or not (except for confidential
information)
◊ Withholding information from everyone unless there is a
“need to know;” determining for others whether or not
they need information
♦ Accepting and valuing people as they are,
with all the differences they bring to the
organization
◊ Judging people for how they should be and expecting
them to all be the same (e.g. more like you)
♦ Person-centered, sharing of self so that
people see the humanity of all
◊ Authority-centered, impersonal so that people only see
rank and status
74. Communication Techniques
Effective Communication Techniques Ineffective Communication Techniques
Do this more and develop trust: Do this less to avoid conflict and fear:
♦ Attitude of problem-avoidance through
planning; fixing problems as soon as they
occur and learning from them without regard
to blame
◊ Attitude of letting things go until something goes wrong
then focusing on fixing the blame rather than the problem
♦ Shared planning and decision-making ◊ Unilateral planning and decision-making
♦ Problem-centered, focusing on what will
work best
◊ Control-centered, focus on showing who is in charge
75. Communication Techniques
Effective Communication Techniques Ineffective Communication Techniques
Do this more and develop trust: Do this less to avoid conflict and fear:
♦ Rewarding, recognizing, and actively
appreciating excellence
◊ Punishing and blaming for errors, ignoring even
exemplary performance
♦ Emphasis on responsibility and developing
individual initiative
◊ Emphasis on accountability and assigning blame for
errors or failures