1) Communication and expression have two basic forms: speech and writing. Both require using a language as a medium in some way. 2) Language is composed of words and words are made up of letters (alphabet). Each word conveys meanings based on social, regional, cultural and political contexts. 3) Additional elements beyond words are needed for full and accurate understanding, such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body language, context and more. Words alone are not enough for complete comprehension.

1. Mazeed haroof
ki
tashkeel ki zarorat
Maqsood Hasni
Abuzar Barqi Kutab'khana
july 2016

2. Moawan anasar kay paish'nazar mazeed
haroof ki tashkeel ki zarorat
Izharar kay bonyadi doo zariay hain:
1- Guftagu
2- Tehreer
In donoon zaray kay zariay kisi na' kisi
zoban ka wasila ikhtayar karna parta hai.
Zoban izhar kay hawala say, alfaz say
tarkeeb pati hai aur alfaz aawazoon
(alphabet) say bantay hain. Her lafz apnay

3. samaji, moashi, tehzibi aur siyasi daeray
aur kur ray main rehtay howay mafaheem
hasil karta hai. Lazam nahain kah kisi
dosray halqay/daeray/kuray main mohajrat
kay baad lafz ki tarkibi haiti aur mafhomi
surat bahal aur baqar rahay.
Bolnay sonay aur parnay wala in zara ay ko
on kay bonyadi mafaheem kay motabaq
apni tehreer aur taqreer main istamal karta
hai. Mazay ki baat yah kah is main danistagi
ka bohat hi kam amal dakhal hota hai.
Ta'ham woh apnay mozo kay hawala say os
kay istamali mafaheem say zaroor aagah
hota hai kayoon'kah woh samnay bhi hotata
hai. Os ki bonyadi koshesh hoti hai kah jo
woh kehna chahta hai sonay ya parhnay
wala aasani say samjh aur jansakay. Ossay
is amar say qatee gharaz nahain hoti kah
faqray ki nahvi surat kaisi hai kayoon'kah

4. baat auroon taak ponchana hi os ka
bonyadi aur aakhri maqsad hota hai.
Asal sawal yah othta hai kiya alfaz baat ko
os kay asal mafaheem kay motabaq auroon
tak ponchanay main kafi hotay hain ya in
kay hawala say baat auroon ki samjh main
aa jati hai?
Jawab yaqinun nafi main ho ga. Is moamla
main kuch aur chizain bhi dar kar hoti hain
jin ka malahza layaeni aur bai'maeni nahain
hota. Maslan:
1- Lab-o-lehja
2- Guftagu ka andaz
3- Asloob--e-takallam

5. 4- Boltay waqat bolnay walay ki
nafsyati kaifiat aur halat
5- Sonay walay ki sontay waqt
nafasyati kifiat
6- Moqa mohal aur majavza mahool
7- Saiyaq-o-sabaaq
8- Bolnay walay ki boltay samay body
language
9- Cehray kay ta'asraat
(face impressions)

6. 10- Baat kartay waqt hathoon waghera
kay isharay
11- Direct aur indirect guftagu ka
farq
12- Guftagu ka motalaq ya na'motaluq
hona
Indirect guftagu ki surat main alfaz tarjamay
ki surat ikhtayar kar laitay hain. Diwaar kay
os par say soni gaee guftgu kay alfaz kitnay
hi wazay kayoon na hoon, mafhoon kay
hawala say abhaam baqi rehta hai. Is ki
waja yah hai kah guftagu ka moqa mohal,
mahool, noeat, zarorat, (bolnay walay ki)
body language, chehray kay ta'asraat aur
hathoon wagherah ki naqal-o-harqat
samany nahain hoti. Is qisam ki guftagu
ghalt fehmi ka sabab ban jati hai ya ban
sakti hai.

7. TV ya radio par chalnay walay darmay kay
sath saz aur mukhtalif aawazoon ka istamal
kayoon kiya jata hai. Is ki waja is kay siwa
kuch nahain kah alfaz mafafaheem ko
wazay karnay kay liay kafi nahain hotay.
Darust tafheem kay liay in moawan anasar
ka hona az'bas lazam hai.
Tehreer apni haqiqat main guftagu hi hoti
hai. Tehreer ki surat main ramooz . , - ! ? : '
" hairitaya sawaliya kay liay!? Ka
istamal hota hai) istamal main latay hain.
Ramooz dar'haqiqat tehreer ka moawan
mafhomi libas hain. Qari ya samay kitna hi
zahein-o-fatein kayoon na ho, tehreer kay is
moawan mafhomi libas ki zoban say aaga
hota hai.

8. Samay guftagu main samay guftagu
koninda ki boday language kay sath sath os
kay cehray kay ta'asraat aur guftagu say
motalqa sign language waghera ko bhi
malahza kar raha hota hai. Samjhnay kay
hawala say koee bhi chook mafaheem main
gomrahi ka rasta nikal sakti hai. Goya
guftagu main basarat aur basirat kay sath
sath samaati tour bhi tafheem ka fariza
amjam day rahi hoti hai. Sama at say
mehroom shakhas basarat say donoon
kaam lay raha hota hai. Yahi surat basarat
say mehroom shakhas ki hoti hai. Woh
sama'at say donoon kaam lay raha hota hai.
Aisi surat main yah donoon hisain ziyada
motharak ho jati hain. Sar Sar ki aawaz
sonaee daiti hai laikin kuch nazar nahai aa
raha hota. Basarat kay hawala say khatray
ka andaza ho jata hai kah ether kidhar
kahein sanp hai. Kachray kay dhair kay
opar harkat hoti hai jis say andaza hota hai

9. kah is dhair kay nichay koee jan dar cheez
harqkat kar rahi hai. Ta hum yah omomi
baat nahain. Ziyada tar log in donoon
hisoon kay malik hotay hain. Yah baat teh
samji jani chahiay kah alfaz tafheem kay
moamla main kafi nahain hotay. Darust
tafheem kay liay moawan anasar ka hona
yaqnun lazam hai.
In moawan anasar kay paish nazar in ke
hawala se aur in ki zarorat ke paish nazar
bhi, mazeed haroof ki tashkeel o tarkeeb ka
kaam abhi baqi hai aur is janib koee
khatir'kha tavajo nahain di gaee. Maslan
monh say kuch nahain kaha jata laikin
baithnay ya chalay janay kay liay isharay ka
istamal aam hai. In donoon isharoon kay
liay koee haroof tashkeel nahain pa'ay
halankah yah puri shidat kay sath mostamal
hain. Isharoon kay zimun main un'gint

10. misalain paish ki ja sakti hai.
Wed Sep 23, 2009 4:37 pm
http://www.forumpakistan.com/moawan-anasar-kay-paish-
nazar-mazeed-haroof-ki-tashkeel-t35881.html#ixzz4GIDRh
PD