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Maths final report
- 1. FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT ( FNBE ) MATHEMATICS PROJECT 1 SURVEY REPORT LECTURER : MS. ANN SEE PENG GROUP MEMBERS: CHANG HUEY YI 0322898 EE HUI TENG 0322548 NG KWANG ZHOU 0322802 TAN MIN CHUEN 0322938 KOO JIAN XIANG 0322975 1
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENT 2 NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 1 COVER PAGE 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENT 2 3 INTRODUCTION 3 4 OBJECTIVE 4 5 METHODOLOGY 5-6 6 SURVEY FORMS 7 7 STATICAL ANALYSIS 8-23 8 AVERAGE MARKS 24 9 CONCLUSION 25 10 REFERENCES 26
- 3. INTRODUCTION Cancer, also known as a malignant tumour or malignant neoplasm, is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) has assigned us to conduct a survey to study the understanding level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on a common chronic diseases in Malaysia, which is lung cancer. Lung cancers start in the cells lining the bronchi and in other parts of the lung such as the bronchioles or alveoli. Lung cancer is often a life-threatening disease because it tends to spread in this way even before it can be detected on an imaging test such as a chest x-ray. There are two major types of lung cancer, namely non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There are 3 main subtypes of NSCLC, namely Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma and Large cell carcinoma. According to statistics, lung cancer is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. In Malaysia, lung cancer is the 2nd most common cancer affecting men and 3rd most common cancer with 2,100 Malaysians diagnosed each year. Causes of lung cancer include tobacco smoking, passive smoking and exposure to certain toxins. By far the biggest cause of lung cancer is smoking. It causes more than 8 out of 10 cases (86%) including a small proportion caused by exposure to second hand smoke in non-smokers (passive smoking). People exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at work or at home have their risk of lung cancer increased by about a quarter compared to people who are not exposed to it. Heavy exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work has been shown to double the risk of lung cancer. The stage of lung cancer refers to the extent to which the cancer has spread in the body. Lung cancer does not cause any symptoms until they have spread too far to be cured, but symptoms do occur in some people with early lung cancer. Symptoms include cough (often with blood), chest pain, wheezing, and weight loss. Treatments may include surgery alone, but also might include chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of these. The general prognosis of lung cancer is poor because doctors tend not to find the disease until it is at an advanced stage. 3
- 4. OBJECTIVE Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) had engaged us to conduct a survey regarding the understanding level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on one of the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. This survey focuses to compare how much male and female students understand about that particular disease. We, as a team, are required to research the fact of one of the common chronic diseases in Malaysia, which is lung cancer and compare the facts with understanding of each category of students to conclude which group understands better on that disease. This had created an opportunity for us to get exposed to and learn more about lung cancer to a greater depth. Through the survey that we have conducted, we gained knowledge on the ways to collect and organise statistical data. We are also given an opportunity to apply the knowledge gained to analyse statistical data and draw conclusion from the data. From this project, we had understood and applied fundamental mathematical principles, statistics. 4
- 5. METHODOLOGY In a group of five, a survey of Lung Cancer has been conducted for five days from October 14 - 16 & October 19 - 20. All of the survey questionnaires were printed out in the hardcopy form to enable the collection and analysis of data to be done in a more systematic manner. The survey questionnaires were distributed equally among 130 male and female students respectively which sums up to a total of 260 students. Our target are focused mainly on the students only. Survey questionnaires have been distributed to students within different area of the campus. 5
- 6. The next method is to analyse and tabulate the data into our own finding. So we held a meeting the next day, after collecting all the finished survey forms individually done by students of Taylor’s University. During the meeting, we as a group member helped out each other to analyse all the statical data together and compile it into a source of information, in order to allow us to develop the final report compilation. Meanwhile, we had analyse the data for each question, and calculate the average marks of student using the mean formula, which is 6
- 7. SURVEY FORMS 7 S U R V E Y F O R M Understanding Lung Cancer This analysis focuses to compare the understanding level of male and female students in Taylor’s University on one of the chronic diseases in Malaysia, which is lung cancer. Gender : Male Female Age : 16-20 21-25 25-30 > 30 1 2 3 4 01. Lung cancer is ranked _______ in the death rate of cancers in Malaysia. Headache Breathless Intense Coughing Chest Pain Caused By Coughing 08. Which of the following is not the symptom of lung cancer? Blood Test Laryngoscopy Urine Test Complete Blood Count (CBC) 09. How can lung cancer be detected? Prednisone Biomedical Engineering Medication Surgery 10. What is the treatment for a lung cancer patient? Air pollution Genetic Tobacco Smoking Infection 11. What causes small cell lung cancer? 10-20% 30-40% 60-70% 80-90% 12. How many percent of cases are associated with cigarette smoking? Blood Donation Exercise Balanced Diet Check Radon 13. Which of the followings cannot reduce the risk of lung cancer? 6-13 14-18 19-40 41-60 04. Which of the following age category is mostly affected by lung cancer? 1 out of 4 1 out of 8 1 out of 14 1 out of 18 05. How common is lung cancer? Yes No 14. Does lung cancer affected by other types of cancer? Yes No 15. Does lung cancer only affect smokers? Yes No 16. Can lung cancer be affected by genetic factors? 1 2 3 4 02. How many main types of lung cancer are there? 1 2 3 4 03. How many stages of small cell lung cancer are there? Adenocarcinoma Large Cell Squamous Cell Small Cell Carcinoma 06. What is the most common type of lung cancer? Passive Smoking Air Pollution Tobacco Smoking Genetic 07. What is the main cause of lung cancer?
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- 24. AVERAGE MARKS 24
- 25. CONCLUSION The collected data and information have been gathered and tabulated to determine the understanding regarding the level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on a common chronic diseases in Malaysia, which is lung cancer. Based on the analysis, only 30% of the overall respondents have achieved a certain level of understanding the chronic disease of lung cancer, in which they manage to answer more than half of the questions correctly. Besides, there are also a few questions which the majority has gotten it wrong. One of it includes the question regarding whether lung cancer can be affected by other types of cancer. Many of the respondent answered No which the answer is Yes. Lung cancer can be affected by other types of cancer are caused by abnormal mutation of cells in the body. Cancer cells can eventually spread out to other parts of body. Other than that, many respondents didn't know that surgery is critical as a treatment for a lung cancer patient. Most of the respondents chose biomedical engineering as the answer for that question. It is a surprise finding for us that most of the people believe with biomedical engineering could help in treating lung cancer, instead of going on a surgery treatment. Moreover, most of the respondents as in equivalent to 87% of the students are not sure whether in which age category does lung cancer will most affected. Lung cancer mostly affected in the age category 41-60. It is believe that they have the schema which youngsters nowadays like to smoke therefore youngsters will most probably affected by lung cancer, and that is why they answered wrongly. On the other hand, most of the respondents which are equivalent to 68% of them answered correctly regarding the whether does lung cancer only affects smokers which majority answer No which is the correct answer of the question. It is know that they are also other internal and external factors which may cause lung cancer such as genetic mutation in an individual or the exposure to radiation. Last but not least, from the overall finding of our, we can conclude that female respondent actually did score better than male respondent, which means they the females have a better understanding of lung cancer than males. However, the level of understanding of the overall respondents was a disappointment. 25