This document presents the results of a survey about knowledge of lung cancer. 250 female respondents aged 21-30 were asked questions about causes, symptoms, prevention and stages of lung cancer. The analysis found that most respondents correctly identified smoking as the leading cause, with air pollution as the second most common cause. The majority believed quitting smoking after diagnosis can help treatment. While knowledge of types and stages was mostly accurate, awareness of lung cancer as a leading cause of death and the Lung Cancer Awareness Month could be improved. The results provide insight into societal understanding of lung cancer risks.
- The study examined causes of death among 2521 individuals in Lucknow, India to investigate associations with air quality index (AQI).
- Leading causes of death were circulatory diseases (24.1%) including stroke and heart attack, and kidney diseases (11.2%).
- Higher AQI levels were significantly associated with increased risk of death from stroke, circulatory diseases, kidney disease, and other causes.
- After adjusting for factors like age and BMI, higher AQI levels and air pollution exposure were independent risk factors for death.
This document discusses the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 transmission. It notes that industrial areas like Wuhan that experienced major COVID-19 outbreaks are highly polluted. The lockdowns and quarantines led to a sharp reduction in air pollution as measured by satellites. The authors hypothesize that decreased air pollution may have contributed to reducing disease spread. Several studies are cited showing links between air pollutants like PM2.5 and respiratory illness. The conclusion is that measures to reduce air pollution should be considered when evaluating pathways of disease diffusion.
The document discusses the health risks of both smoking and passive smoking. It states that smoking vastly increases the risk of cancer and other fatal health conditions. Smoking causes over 80,000 deaths per year in the US from issues like cancer, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Passive smoking also poses serious risks, as it contains harmful particles that can deeply impact the lungs. Studies show passive smoking increases cancer and heart disease risks for non-smokers. The document argues that passive smoking may do even more harm than smoking, as non-smokers do not benefit from the body adapting to smoke. It emphasizes the need for smoke-free public places and workplaces to reduce passive smoking risks.
This document summarizes a study that estimated the smoking-attributable expenditures (SAEs) for people aged 35 or older in Taiwan in 2000 from the perspective of health insurers. The total SAE was estimated to be US$467.3 million, representing 8.5% of total medical expenditures for that population. Kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, and accidents accounted for the highest SAE costs. The study is an improvement over previous work as it used relative risk data from large cohort studies and health insurance claims data to estimate disease-specific expenditures. However, it did not account for costs of passive smoking or non-insurance expenditures.
Presented at 'Changing Perspectives: 1st International Conference on Transport and Health', London, 6 -8 July 2015
Haneen Khreis, Charlotte Kelly, James Tate, Roger Parslow, Karen Lucas
Traffic-related air pollution may contribute to increasing rates of childhood asthma. Studies show mixed results but most find positive associations between exposure to traffic pollution and developing asthma, though not all associations are statistically significant. Exposure models also influence results. While the relationship is unclear, reducing traffic pollution could help prevent some asthma cases. Further research is needed to identify the specific pollutants and susceptible groups involved.
cancer in india, cancer trends, trends in cancer in india, economics of tobacco, tobacco economics in india, cancer demographics, cancer demographics in india, tobacco consumption in india, tobacco related cancer deaths, tobacco related cancers, population based cancer registry statistics, comparison of cancer trends in india 1994 vs 2004 vs 2011,
- The study examined causes of death among 2521 individuals in Lucknow, India to investigate associations with air quality index (AQI).
- Leading causes of death were circulatory diseases (24.1%) including stroke and heart attack, and kidney diseases (11.2%).
- Higher AQI levels were significantly associated with increased risk of death from stroke, circulatory diseases, kidney disease, and other causes.
- After adjusting for factors like age and BMI, higher AQI levels and air pollution exposure were independent risk factors for death.
This document discusses the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 transmission. It notes that industrial areas like Wuhan that experienced major COVID-19 outbreaks are highly polluted. The lockdowns and quarantines led to a sharp reduction in air pollution as measured by satellites. The authors hypothesize that decreased air pollution may have contributed to reducing disease spread. Several studies are cited showing links between air pollutants like PM2.5 and respiratory illness. The conclusion is that measures to reduce air pollution should be considered when evaluating pathways of disease diffusion.
The document discusses the health risks of both smoking and passive smoking. It states that smoking vastly increases the risk of cancer and other fatal health conditions. Smoking causes over 80,000 deaths per year in the US from issues like cancer, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Passive smoking also poses serious risks, as it contains harmful particles that can deeply impact the lungs. Studies show passive smoking increases cancer and heart disease risks for non-smokers. The document argues that passive smoking may do even more harm than smoking, as non-smokers do not benefit from the body adapting to smoke. It emphasizes the need for smoke-free public places and workplaces to reduce passive smoking risks.
This document summarizes a study that estimated the smoking-attributable expenditures (SAEs) for people aged 35 or older in Taiwan in 2000 from the perspective of health insurers. The total SAE was estimated to be US$467.3 million, representing 8.5% of total medical expenditures for that population. Kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, and accidents accounted for the highest SAE costs. The study is an improvement over previous work as it used relative risk data from large cohort studies and health insurance claims data to estimate disease-specific expenditures. However, it did not account for costs of passive smoking or non-insurance expenditures.
Presented at 'Changing Perspectives: 1st International Conference on Transport and Health', London, 6 -8 July 2015
Haneen Khreis, Charlotte Kelly, James Tate, Roger Parslow, Karen Lucas
Traffic-related air pollution may contribute to increasing rates of childhood asthma. Studies show mixed results but most find positive associations between exposure to traffic pollution and developing asthma, though not all associations are statistically significant. Exposure models also influence results. While the relationship is unclear, reducing traffic pollution could help prevent some asthma cases. Further research is needed to identify the specific pollutants and susceptible groups involved.
cancer in india, cancer trends, trends in cancer in india, economics of tobacco, tobacco economics in india, cancer demographics, cancer demographics in india, tobacco consumption in india, tobacco related cancer deaths, tobacco related cancers, population based cancer registry statistics, comparison of cancer trends in india 1994 vs 2004 vs 2011,
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Smoking Among Students And Staff In UpmPRN USM
This study examined smoking prevalence and factors among students and staff at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The overall current smoking rate was 9.9%, with students at 8.9% and staff higher at 17.7%. Male smoking rates were significantly higher than females. Most smokers initiated smoking during their late teens due to reasons like fun, stress relief, and peer/family influence. The study recommends strengthening anti-smoking programs and education efforts on campus to discourage smoking among students and staff.
ABSTRACT- Transportation-related pollutants are one of the largest contributors to unhealthy air quality. Delhi, the capital of India, is one of the most significant polluted urban areas in the world. Given the high traffic volume combined with heterogeneous traffic composition ranging from non-motorized vehicles to two-and-three wheelers, to cars, buses and trucks; it is pivotal to understand whether the commuter can associate the everyday symptoms of sickness to the level of pollution caused by the various modes of transport. In this study a survey was conducted to assess the effects of air pollutants on commuters using public and private transportation. The findings of the study revealed that commuters face health problems like headache, fatigue/drowsiness, nasal congestion, eye irritation, nose irritation, sneezing, skin irritation, respiratory problems and throat irritation. Maximum commuters also opined that cancer and respiratory morbidity are the major long term health effects of transport-related air pollution.
KEY WORDS: Air pollution, Commuters, Health effects, Pollutants, Transport, Urban area
This document discusses the health effects of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke. It covers topics such as the chemicals in cigarette smoke, types of tobacco products, reasons why people smoke, and resources for quitting smoking. The health risks of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke include various cancers, heart disease, lung disease, and sudden infant death syndrome. Exposure to thirdhand smoke can also be harmful as it contains toxic chemicals that linger on surfaces. The document provides information on reducing exposure to smoke and quitting resources like quitlines and cessation programs.
The document summarizes the risk factors and prevention strategies of oral cancer in India. It finds that oral cancer is the most common cancer in India, accounting for 4 in 10 cancers. India has a high prevalence due to widespread tobacco consumption, especially gutka and quid. About 130,000 people die from oral cancer annually in India. Prevention strategies such as reducing tobacco consumption and early detection are needed to reduce the oral cancer burden.
This study analyzed the relationship between fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Medicare patients. The researchers found:
1) Short-term increases in PM2.5 levels were associated with increased risk of hospital admission for these diseases, with the largest effect seen for heart failure.
2) Cardiovascular risks tended to be higher in the Eastern U.S. compared to other regions.
3) Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.28% increase in risk of heart failure hospitalization.
The number of cancer cases in Canada are projected to increase this year, largely due to the aging population there, according to new research. Here’s more:
Overall trends: An estimated 225,800 new cancer cases and 83,300 cancer deaths are expected in Canada this year — those figures for 2019 were around 220,000 and 82,000.
Specific cancers: Lung cancer is projected to account for more than a quarter of all cancer deaths, and more deaths than the next three leading causes - colorectal, pancreatic, and breast - combined.
Demographics: New cancer cases are expected to be 5% higher in men than women, while the number of cancer deaths are expected to be 12% higher among men. Prostate cancer will likely be the biggest killer among men, while breast cancer will be the most fatal among women.
The survey assessed knowledge of lung cancer among young females. Most respondents correctly identified smoking as the primary cause of lung cancer and that quitting smoking after diagnosis can improve outcomes. While many knew the number of stages, some were unsure about the number of lung cancer types or awareness month. Overall respondents demonstrated reasonably good understanding of causes and symptoms but lacked knowledge in some specific areas.
This document is a survey report on understanding of lung cancer among male and female students at Taylor's University. It includes an introduction to lung cancer, the objective of comparing understanding between genders, methodology of distributing surveys to 260 students, statistical analysis of the survey results, and conclusions. The analysis found that female respondents had a slightly better understanding of lung cancer than males, though overall understanding was low. Many were unaware that lung cancer can spread to other organs and that surgery is a primary treatment. The report provides statistics on lung cancer in Malaysia and factors that influence risk.
This document is a survey report on understanding of lung cancer among male and female students at Taylor's University. It includes an introduction to lung cancer, the objective to compare understanding between genders, methodology of distributing surveys to 260 students, statistical analysis of responses, and conclusions. The analysis found that female students had a slightly better understanding than males, though overall understanding was low. Many were unaware that lung cancer can affect other cancers and that surgery is a primary treatment. The report provides statistics on lung cancer in Malaysia and causes/risk factors.
1. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is classified into several histological subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
2. Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with the risk increasing based on duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radiation, asbestos, arsenic and other chemicals.
3. The molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development involve abnormalities in growth signaling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in tumor suppressor gene pathways. Mutations in genes like p53 and KRAS contribute to
This document discusses pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It begins by explaining that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and smoking is the primary risk factor. It then discusses the four main types of lung NETs: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), typical carcinoid (TC), and atypical carcinoid (AC). SCLC grows and spreads the fastest while TC spreads the slowest. The document examines different classification systems for NETs and highlights issues with inconsistencies. Pathologists examine cells under microscopy to classify the specific tumor and determine a diagnosis and prognosis.
This document discusses four major non-communicable diseases: cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. It defines non-communicable diseases as conditions that are not passed from person to person but rather are caused by multiple factors like lifestyle and environment. For each disease, it provides facts, risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment approaches. The main points are that tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution are major risk factors, and that controlling these through prevention programs and medical treatment could significantly reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases.
Growing Risk of Lung Cancer with Increase in Air Pollution.pptCancer Consult India
When most of us think of the cause of lung cancer, the first thing that comes to mind is cigarette smoking, and that is true in most cases. However, did you know that air pollution can also cause lung cancer? The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified outdoor pollution as a group 1 human carcinogen for lung cancer...
visit our website to know more : https://cancerconsultindia.com/
Lung Cancer Awareness By Epillo Health Systems EpilloHealth
November is officially lung cancer awareness month. The event started back in 1995 as lung cancer awareness day. As the lung cancer community and the lung cancer movement grew, the awareness activities increased and the day matured into Lung Cancer awareness month. This is a brief presentation for the awareness on Lung Cancer Awareness by the team Epillo.
This document provides an overview of lung cancer, including its causes, symptoms, types, and how it starts and spreads. It discusses that lung cancer has become a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The main causes of lung cancer are smoking tobacco and exposure to secondhand smoke. There are two main types of lung cancer - non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Common symptoms include coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and weight loss.
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
The environmental pollution is the main reason behind brain, breast, prostate and the most common lung cancer. Many lung cancer treatment centers declared that environmental exposures could raise the risk of developing lung cancer.
Lung cancer results from abnormal cell growth and division in the lungs. It tends to spread early, making it difficult to treat. Symptoms can include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted drug therapy. Researchers have discovered lung stem cells that could be precursors to lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, causing about 80% of lung cancer deaths. The risk increases with duration and amount smoked but can be reduced by quitting smoking. Early lung cancer usually causes no symptoms but later symptoms may include coughing, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, and weight loss. Treatment options depend on the cancer type and stage but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy.
This document is a report on the Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the historical background of the gardens, the structure and layout including types of gardens within it. It also covers activities available in the gardens and materials used in construction. References are provided to websites with additional information on guided walks and the history of Lake Gardens.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Smoking Among Students And Staff In UpmPRN USM
This study examined smoking prevalence and factors among students and staff at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The overall current smoking rate was 9.9%, with students at 8.9% and staff higher at 17.7%. Male smoking rates were significantly higher than females. Most smokers initiated smoking during their late teens due to reasons like fun, stress relief, and peer/family influence. The study recommends strengthening anti-smoking programs and education efforts on campus to discourage smoking among students and staff.
ABSTRACT- Transportation-related pollutants are one of the largest contributors to unhealthy air quality. Delhi, the capital of India, is one of the most significant polluted urban areas in the world. Given the high traffic volume combined with heterogeneous traffic composition ranging from non-motorized vehicles to two-and-three wheelers, to cars, buses and trucks; it is pivotal to understand whether the commuter can associate the everyday symptoms of sickness to the level of pollution caused by the various modes of transport. In this study a survey was conducted to assess the effects of air pollutants on commuters using public and private transportation. The findings of the study revealed that commuters face health problems like headache, fatigue/drowsiness, nasal congestion, eye irritation, nose irritation, sneezing, skin irritation, respiratory problems and throat irritation. Maximum commuters also opined that cancer and respiratory morbidity are the major long term health effects of transport-related air pollution.
KEY WORDS: Air pollution, Commuters, Health effects, Pollutants, Transport, Urban area
This document discusses the health effects of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke. It covers topics such as the chemicals in cigarette smoke, types of tobacco products, reasons why people smoke, and resources for quitting smoking. The health risks of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke include various cancers, heart disease, lung disease, and sudden infant death syndrome. Exposure to thirdhand smoke can also be harmful as it contains toxic chemicals that linger on surfaces. The document provides information on reducing exposure to smoke and quitting resources like quitlines and cessation programs.
The document summarizes the risk factors and prevention strategies of oral cancer in India. It finds that oral cancer is the most common cancer in India, accounting for 4 in 10 cancers. India has a high prevalence due to widespread tobacco consumption, especially gutka and quid. About 130,000 people die from oral cancer annually in India. Prevention strategies such as reducing tobacco consumption and early detection are needed to reduce the oral cancer burden.
This study analyzed the relationship between fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Medicare patients. The researchers found:
1) Short-term increases in PM2.5 levels were associated with increased risk of hospital admission for these diseases, with the largest effect seen for heart failure.
2) Cardiovascular risks tended to be higher in the Eastern U.S. compared to other regions.
3) Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.28% increase in risk of heart failure hospitalization.
The number of cancer cases in Canada are projected to increase this year, largely due to the aging population there, according to new research. Here’s more:
Overall trends: An estimated 225,800 new cancer cases and 83,300 cancer deaths are expected in Canada this year — those figures for 2019 were around 220,000 and 82,000.
Specific cancers: Lung cancer is projected to account for more than a quarter of all cancer deaths, and more deaths than the next three leading causes - colorectal, pancreatic, and breast - combined.
Demographics: New cancer cases are expected to be 5% higher in men than women, while the number of cancer deaths are expected to be 12% higher among men. Prostate cancer will likely be the biggest killer among men, while breast cancer will be the most fatal among women.
The survey assessed knowledge of lung cancer among young females. Most respondents correctly identified smoking as the primary cause of lung cancer and that quitting smoking after diagnosis can improve outcomes. While many knew the number of stages, some were unsure about the number of lung cancer types or awareness month. Overall respondents demonstrated reasonably good understanding of causes and symptoms but lacked knowledge in some specific areas.
This document is a survey report on understanding of lung cancer among male and female students at Taylor's University. It includes an introduction to lung cancer, the objective of comparing understanding between genders, methodology of distributing surveys to 260 students, statistical analysis of the survey results, and conclusions. The analysis found that female respondents had a slightly better understanding of lung cancer than males, though overall understanding was low. Many were unaware that lung cancer can spread to other organs and that surgery is a primary treatment. The report provides statistics on lung cancer in Malaysia and factors that influence risk.
This document is a survey report on understanding of lung cancer among male and female students at Taylor's University. It includes an introduction to lung cancer, the objective to compare understanding between genders, methodology of distributing surveys to 260 students, statistical analysis of responses, and conclusions. The analysis found that female students had a slightly better understanding than males, though overall understanding was low. Many were unaware that lung cancer can affect other cancers and that surgery is a primary treatment. The report provides statistics on lung cancer in Malaysia and causes/risk factors.
1. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is classified into several histological subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
2. Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with the risk increasing based on duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radiation, asbestos, arsenic and other chemicals.
3. The molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development involve abnormalities in growth signaling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in tumor suppressor gene pathways. Mutations in genes like p53 and KRAS contribute to
This document discusses pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It begins by explaining that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and smoking is the primary risk factor. It then discusses the four main types of lung NETs: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), typical carcinoid (TC), and atypical carcinoid (AC). SCLC grows and spreads the fastest while TC spreads the slowest. The document examines different classification systems for NETs and highlights issues with inconsistencies. Pathologists examine cells under microscopy to classify the specific tumor and determine a diagnosis and prognosis.
This document discusses four major non-communicable diseases: cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. It defines non-communicable diseases as conditions that are not passed from person to person but rather are caused by multiple factors like lifestyle and environment. For each disease, it provides facts, risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment approaches. The main points are that tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution are major risk factors, and that controlling these through prevention programs and medical treatment could significantly reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases.
Growing Risk of Lung Cancer with Increase in Air Pollution.pptCancer Consult India
When most of us think of the cause of lung cancer, the first thing that comes to mind is cigarette smoking, and that is true in most cases. However, did you know that air pollution can also cause lung cancer? The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified outdoor pollution as a group 1 human carcinogen for lung cancer...
visit our website to know more : https://cancerconsultindia.com/
Lung Cancer Awareness By Epillo Health Systems EpilloHealth
November is officially lung cancer awareness month. The event started back in 1995 as lung cancer awareness day. As the lung cancer community and the lung cancer movement grew, the awareness activities increased and the day matured into Lung Cancer awareness month. This is a brief presentation for the awareness on Lung Cancer Awareness by the team Epillo.
This document provides an overview of lung cancer, including its causes, symptoms, types, and how it starts and spreads. It discusses that lung cancer has become a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The main causes of lung cancer are smoking tobacco and exposure to secondhand smoke. There are two main types of lung cancer - non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Common symptoms include coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and weight loss.
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
The environmental pollution is the main reason behind brain, breast, prostate and the most common lung cancer. Many lung cancer treatment centers declared that environmental exposures could raise the risk of developing lung cancer.
Lung cancer results from abnormal cell growth and division in the lungs. It tends to spread early, making it difficult to treat. Symptoms can include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted drug therapy. Researchers have discovered lung stem cells that could be precursors to lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, causing about 80% of lung cancer deaths. The risk increases with duration and amount smoked but can be reduced by quitting smoking. Early lung cancer usually causes no symptoms but later symptoms may include coughing, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, and weight loss. Treatment options depend on the cancer type and stage but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy.
This document is a report on the Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the historical background of the gardens, the structure and layout including types of gardens within it. It also covers activities available in the gardens and materials used in construction. References are provided to websites with additional information on guided walks and the history of Lake Gardens.
Westminster Abbey is a famous religious building in London with a long historical background. It has an ornate interior design with ground floor areas and materials like stone. The Abbey is used for coronations and burials of royalty as well as memorials for famous people.
This document describes a proposed final project for a social psychology class that focuses on prosocial behavior. The project involves creating a restaurant run entirely on donations where the homeless, orphanages, and elderly can eat for free. The layout includes separate dining areas for different groups and a donation box where customers can pay what they choose. The donations would support charity organizations and maintenance of the restaurant. The project aims to reduce discrimination and stereotyping by providing a welcoming space for all people in need.
This document is a 340-word journal entry analyzing a Dior perfume advertisement found in CLEO magazine. The student identifies four persuasion techniques used in the ad, focusing on the use of emotional messaging. Specifically, the ad uses the caption "j'adore Dior" which translates to "I love Dior" to elicit feelings of love for the brand from consumers. It also features the attractive and credible spokesperson Charlize Theron to promote the product's quality and strengthen its image. In conclusion, the student believes the simple color scheme and messaging make the ad effective at making an impression on readers and influencing buyers.
The document presents a report on proposing a new town called Krystal Bright. It begins by investigating guidelines for towns by examining ancient, present and future towns. It then discusses the key characteristics of Krystal Bright, which aims to be an education-focused town with a university, local government and parks. Krystal Bright will utilize a river for water supply, irrigation, power and transportation. The conclusion states that Krystal Bright will provide students with high-quality education and jobs for residents.
The document presents a report on proposing a new town called Krystal Bright. It begins by investigating guidelines for towns by examining ancient, present and future towns. It then discusses the key characteristics of Krystal Bright, which aims to be an education-focused town with a university, local government and parks surrounding it. Krystal Bright will utilize a river for water supply, irrigation, power and transportation. The conclusion states that Krystal Bright will provide students with high-quality education and jobs for residents.
The document presents a report on proposing a new town called Krystal Bright. It begins by investigating guidelines for towns by examining ancient, present and future towns. It then discusses the key characteristics of Krystal Bright, which aims to be an education-focused town with a university, local government and parks. Krystal Bright will utilize a river for water supply, irrigation, power and transportation. The conclusion states that Krystal Bright will provide students with high-quality education and jobs for residents in a sustainable town.
The document provides details for a final landscape project, including a 10x10m site located between blocks C and D above a restaurant. It includes a 3 sentence introduction to the project requirements. A 3 sentence section analyzes the site, noting afternoon sun exposure and wind direction. A 3 sentence concept section describes plans for an eco-friendly relaxation area for students and faculty, possibly for tutorials.
The document discusses the proposal of a new town called Krystal Bright. It aims to provide a better place for students to pursue further education by offering amenities like healthy food, security, local government services, infrastructure for water and waste management, high quality education facilities, and rest areas. The town's focus is on education and it will provide students with everything they need to learn and live well.
The document discusses the proposal of a new town called Krystal Bright. It investigates guidelines for town planning by examining past, present, and future towns. Examples discussed include the ancient town of Fenghuang in China, the present university town of Tubingen in Germany, and the future disaster-resistant Sky Tower & Garden development in Tokyo. The document then proposes the new town of Krystal Bright, which will be an education-focused town providing students a place for higher study, along with amenities like healthcare, jobs, and management of resources.
The document discusses the proposal of a new town called Krystal Bright. It investigates guidelines for town planning by examining examples from the past, present, and future. These include the ancient Fenghuang town in China, the present-day university town of Tubingen in Germany, and the future-focused Sky Tower and Garden development in Tokyo. Lessons from these cases are applied to the design of Krystal Bright, which aims to be an education-focused town providing high-quality schooling and a healthy environment for students. Key elements include a university, local government, parks, and a river serving purposes like drinking water and recreation.
The document discusses the proposal of a new town called Krystal Bright. It begins by investigating guidelines for town planning by examining past, present, and future towns. This includes analyzing the ancient town of Fenghuang in China, the present university town of Tubingen in Germany, and the future disaster-resistant Sky Tower & Garden development in Tokyo. Lessons from these cases are applied to the design of Krystal Bright, which aims to be an education-focused town providing students a good place to study with amenities like healthcare, security, government services, and infrastructure supported by a river running through the town.
Into to construction industry final project (autosaved)Kay Chong
The document proposes a rest area and cafe to be constructed on a 30mx30m site on a lake at Taylor's University. It includes a site analysis, concept plans, master plan, construction details, planting plan, and costing analysis. The proposed rest area would have two levels - a ground level with cafe and seating and an upper level with sofas - connected by a round staircase. Hardscape would include rattan furniture and lighting while plantings would consist of Winnersh Meadows trees and round shrubs. The goal is to provide students a relaxing space to socialize and study with amenities like coffee.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
1. Page | 1
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
MATHEMATICS [MTH10304]
STATISTIC SURVEY PROJECT
GROUP MEMBERS:
Pang Khai Shuen 0318423
Koh Sung Jie 0318912
Mok Po Yi 0318207
Hew Li Ming 0319941
Chong Ke Qun 0319214
3. Page | 3
Introduction
Our survey is focused on a very common chronic disease called Pulmonary
Carcinoma, which is commonly known as lung cancer. Lung cancer is developed
when abnormal cells achieved uncontrolled growth in one or both lungs. These
abnormal cells do not carry out the functions of normal lung cells and do not
develop into healthy lung tissue. As they grow, these abnormal cells can form
tumors and interfere with the function of the lung, which is to provide oxygen to
the body via the blood.
Even though lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in both
men and women worldwide, not much people know about some hard facts about it.
In this survey, we had prepared some questions regarding lung cancer, such as the
symptoms of lung cancer, causes of lung cancer and the stages of lung cancer. We
also included some facts that are not commonly known about lung cancer like the
life expectancy of the final stage of lung cancer and the Lung Awareness Month.
What we want to learn through this survey is the knowledge of females of a
certain gender and age towards lung cancer, and then analyze the ratio of the
answers from our respondents so that we can learn how much the society
understands about the dangers of lung cancer.
4. Page | 4
OBJECTIVES
We have chosen to focus on female respondents for our survey question. Our
objectives of the survey are first, to test the knowledge of young female adults
about lung cancer, as people often misunderstand the causes and symptoms of lung
cancer. Next, we are to analyze the difference in people’s views of lung cancer
causes and symptoms, as some people look at lung cancer as a result of smoking
and some as a result of inheritance. Furthermore, we are to get an accurate result
from different people as we have a minimum of 250 targets. This way, we could
create a fair statistic to compare the results. Lastly, we are to complete everything
and then come to a conclusion of the survey.
5. Page | 5
METHODOLOGY
Since we were targeting 250 female young adults for the survey, each of us
were responsible to survey 50 female respondents each, and for a fair result each of
us surveyed 25 females of aged 21 to 25 and the rest aged 26 to 30.
We used two ways to survey the respondents. One, we used the conventional
survey forms and distributed them when we see a potential respondent.
Also, we utilized Google Docs to make digital a survey page so that we can
send the forms efficiently via social medias such as Facebook and Twitter. Our
respondents include family members, relatives, friends, strangers, students and
staffs in Taylors’ University. We spent 2 weeks of surveying from 17th
of
December to 31th
of December, and then gathered the information together to do
the statistics analysis.
6. Page | 6
After gathering all the completed survey forms, each of us analyze our own
50 forms and then gathered all the information together to make our statistics
analysis for this report. We first discuss with each other about the calculations
needed and the appropriate diagrams to portray the information, and we transfer all
the information into the report.
7. Page | 7
Survey Questionnaire
1. What is your age group?
a. 21 – 25
b. 26 – 30
2. What is your gender?
a. Male
b. Female
3. What is your occupation?
a. Student
b. Non-student
4. What are the direct causes of lung cancer? (Can be more than one answer)
a. Smoking
b. Asbestos
c. Radon Gas
d. Air Pollution
e. Inheritance
f. Pervious diseases
g. Others: _____________
5. Which factor is the leading cause of lung cancer?
a. Air Pollution
b. Tobacco
6. What is the 2nd
most common cause of lung cancer?
a. Radon Gas
b. Air Pollution
8. Page | 8
7. If diagnosed with lung cancer, is quitting smoking pointless?
a. Yes
b. No
8. How many types of lung cancers are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
9. How many stages of lung cancer are there?
a. 1 – 2
b. 2 – 4
c. 4 – 6
10.What are the ways to prevent lung cancer?
a. Eat fruits and vegetables
b. Do not smoke
c. Do more exercise
d. Others: ____________________
11.What is the common life expectancy once diagnosed with the final stage of
lung cancer?
a. 5 Years
b. 7 Years
c. 10 Years
12.Do you have any close friends/relatives diagnosed with lung cancer?
a. Yes
b. No
9. Page | 9
13.What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
a. Pain in the chest
b. Headache
c. Coughing up blood
d. Mood Swing
14.Is lung cancer the leading cause of cancer deaths?
a. Yes
b. No
15.Which month is the Lung Cancer Awareness Month? __________________
10. Page | 10
Statistics Analysis
4. What are the direct causes of lung cancer?
Answer: Smoking, Asbestos, Radon Gas, Air Pollution, Inheritance and Previous diseases.
(Purpose of multiple answers is to analyse the extent of knowledge of lung cancer causes.)
- Smoking is the main cause. Tobacco smoke contains more than 60 different toxic substances,
which can lead to the development of cancer. These substances are known to be carcinogenic
(cancer-producing).
- Asbestos. Exposure to asbestos in the construction industry and shipbuilding cause lung
cancer for workers
- Radon gas is the biggest cause of lung cancer after smoking as Radon gas is a naturally
occurring radioactive gas which comes from tiny amounts of uranium which cause lung
cancer.
- Air pollution. One study has shown that your risk of developing lung cancer increases by
about a third if you live in an area with high levels of nitrogen oxide gases (mostly produced
by cars and other vehicles).
- Inheritance. Because there is a pattern of increased risk of lung cancer in family members,
researchers think it is likely that there is at least one faulty gene that can increase the risk of
lung cancer and be passed down in families (inherited).
- Previous disease. Having had a disease that caused scarring in the lungs may be a risk factor
for a type of lung cancer called adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Mode: Smoking
41%
25%
13%
10%
7%
4%
Causes of Lung Cancer (21-25)
Smoking
Air Pollution
Radon Gas
Inheritance
Asbestos
Previous disease
42%
21%
15%
12%
5%
5%
Causes of Lung Cancer (26-30)
Smoking
Air Pollution
Radon Gas
Inheritance
Asbestos
Previous disease
11. Page | 11
78%
22%
Leading factor (26-30)
Tobacco
Air pollution
57%
43%
Second most common factor (26-30)
Air pollution
Radon gas
5. Which factor is the leading cause of cancer?
Answer: Tobacco.
Lung Cancer Research UK states that, by far the biggest cause of lung cancer is smoking. It
causes more than 8 out of 10 cases (86%) including a small proportion caused by exposure to
second hand smoke in non smokers (passive smoking).
Mode: Tobacco
6. What is the 2nd
most common cause of lung cancer?
Answer: Radon Gas.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the second leading cause of lung
cancer, after tobacco smoke, is an odorless radioactive gas called radon. Emitted from rock
and soil, it can seep up into homes and other buildings. Radon is estimated to cause between 3
and 14% of all lung cancers, depending on the average radon level in the country. Radon is
much more likely to cause lung cancer in people who smoke, and is the primary cause of lung
cancer among non-smokers.
Mode in 21-25: Radon gas
Mode in 26-30: Air pollution
82%
18%
Leading Factor (21-25)
Tobacco
Air pollution
49%
51%
Second most common factor (21-25)
Air
pollution
Radon
Gas
12. Page | 12
38%
62%
Is quiting smoking pointless ?
(26-30)
Yes
No
13%
28%
36%
23%
Types of lung cancer (26-30)
1
2
3
4
7. If diagnosed with lung cancer, is quitting smoking pointless?
Answer: No.
Continued smoking decreases the effectiveness of cancer treatment and may make side effects
worse. Smokers undergoing surgery, for example, have more trouble healing than ex-smokers.
Those who smoke while undergoing radiation for cancer of the larynx are less likely to regain
normal voice quality. In some cases, quitting can cut the risk of a second cancer forming.
Mode: No
8. How many types of lung cancers are there?
Answer: 2
There are two main types of lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer is more aggressive, meaning it
can spread quickly to other parts of the body early in the disease. It is strongly tied to cigarette
use and rarely seen in nonsmokers. Non-small-cell lung cancer grows more slowly and is more
common. It's responsible for almost 85% of all lung cancers.
Mode: 3
46%
54%
Is quiting smoking pointless ?
(21-25)
Yes
No
13%
29%
34%
24%
Types of lung cancer (21-25)
1
2
3
4
13. Page | 13
21%
65%
14%
Stages of lung cancer (26-30)
1 to 2
2 to 4
4 to 6
9. How many stages of lung cancer are there?
Answer: 2-4
There are different systems for the two main types of lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer is
divided into two stages: "Limited" means the cancer is confined to one lung and maybe nearby
lymph nodes. "Extensive" means the cancer has spread to the other lung or beyond. Non-small-
cell lung cancer is assigned a stage of 1 through 4, depending on how far it has spread.
Mode: 2-4
20%
70%
10%
Stages of lung cancer (21-25)
1 to 2
2 to 4
4 to 6
14. Page | 14
53%30%
17%
Ways to prevent lung cancer
(26-30)
Do not smoke
Do more
exercise
Eat more fruits
and vegetables
10. What are the ways to prevent lung cancer?
Answer: Either one.
(Purpose of the question is to see different opinions of which respondents’ favors more.)
- Eat fruits and vegetables. Fresh fruit and vegetables may help to prevent cancer because they
contain chemicals that can prevent cell damage. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were
thought to help reduce the risk of lung cancer
- Do not smoke. Within 10 years of quitting, the risk of lung cancer will drop 30% to 50%.
- Do more exercise. Regular physical activity may reduce the risk of lung cancer by 20% or
more, studies show. In addition, exercise improves lung function and reduces the danger of
other diseases, including heart disease and stroke.
Mode: Do not smoke
57%
33%
10%
Ways to prevent lung cancer
(21-25)
Do not smoke
Do more
exercise
Eat more fruits
and vegetables
15. Page | 15
63%
22%
15%
Common life expectancy (26-30)
5 years
7 years
10 years
22%
78%
Close person suffered from lung
cancer (26-30)
Yes
No
11. What is common life expectancy once diagnosed with the final stage of
lung cancer?
Answer: 5 years
Those statistics show the chances of living for 5 years after a lung cancer diagnosis varies from
4% to 54%, depending on the stage of disease. The 5-year survival rate continues to rise over
time, research shows.
Mode: 5 years
12. Do you have any close friends/relatives diagnosed with lung cancer?
Answer: Depending on the respondent.
The purpose of this question is to see among the public, how many of our respondents are
affected by this disease through their loved ones. The results let us know that whether lung
cancer is common in Malaysia through our respondents.
Mode: No
59%
28%
13%
Common life expectancy (21-25)
5 years
7 years
10 years
26%
74%
Close person suffered from lung
cancer (21-25)
Yes
No
16. Page | 16
50%
33%
8%
9%
Symptoms of lung cancer (26-30)
Coughing up
blood
Pain in the
chest
Headache
Mood swing
13. What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
Answer: Pain in the chest, coughing up blood.
(Purpose of 2 answers is to provide a 50-50 chance for correct answer as well as analyzing
preferred opinions.)
Both pain in the chest and coughing up blood are both early warning signs that a person is
diagnosed with lung cancer. When lung cancer causes chest pain, the discomfort may result from
enlarged lymph nodes or metastasis to the chest wall, pleura (lining around the lungs), or the
ribs. Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and
mucus. It is usually bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus contains
only streaks of blood.
Mode: Coughing up blood
48%
33%
10%
9%
Symptoms of Lung Cancer (21-25)
Coughing up
blood
Pain in the
chest
Headache
Mood swing
17. Page | 17
68%
32%
Lung cancer a leading cause?
(26-30)
Yes
No
14. Is lung cancer the leading cause of cancer deaths?
Answer: Yes
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This is verified by World Health
Organization (WHO) as well as Cancer Research UK. According to Cancer Research UK, on
2012, lung cancer contributes to 19% of cancer deaths worldwide.
Mode: Yes
96%
4%
Lung cancer a leading cause?
(21-25)
Yes
No
18. Page | 18
39%
19%
7%
7%
8%
20%
Month (26-30)
November
December
September
March
August
Don't know
15. Which month is the Lung Cancer Awareness Month?
Answer: November
During the month, many people throughout the country and the world come together for the lung
cancer community. Events are held. Articles are written. Facebook statuses are updated. Videos
are created and spread online. Proclamations are issued.
Mode 21-25: Don’t know
Mode 26-30: November
15%
9%
9%
3%
6%
20%
38%
Month (21-25)
November
December
March
July
June
Other
Don’t Know
19. Page | 19
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have acquired enough information to understand the
society’s level of understanding of lung cancer.
The mode for direct causes of lung cancer is smoking and air pollution
comes second. This means most of our respondents know that smoking is the main
cause of lung cancer and question 5 reinforces that fact by stating tobacco as the
mode for leading cause of lung cancer. As for which factor is second most
common for lung cancer both age groups have varied opinions. The 21-25 years
age group has the knowledge that Radon gas is second leading cause by a small
margin of 51%. However the mode for the 26-30 years age group is air pollution.
The frequency of quitting smoking is not pointless if diagnosed with cancer is
higher for both age groups. We tested the understanding level of the respondents
by asking the number of types of lung cancer, the mode was 3 but in fact the
correct answer is 2. We also asked them how many stages of lung cancer there are
and the mode of it is 2-4, which is correct. Majority of the answers for the
prevention of lung cancer is by not smoking, suggested by the mode of the
respondents. Most common life expectancy of a final stage lung cancer patient
answered by most of our respondents is correct as the mode is 5 years.
20. Page | 20
We wanted to find out how many people are affected by the effects of lung
cancer and around 25% which is 1 in 4 of our respondents has a close person
diagnosed with lung cancer. This really shows how common lung cancer is.
From the question regarding the symptoms of lung cancer, the respondents
recognize coughing up blood as a symptom more than pain in the chest as the
mode from both groups is coughing up blood. The mode of whether that lung
cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths is yes but it varies between the two
groups. Almost all the respondents in 21-25 year old group agrees while only 68%
of the 26-30 year old group agrees.
Lastly, we wanted to know how many people know about Lung Cancer
Awareness month and more 26-30 year olds know about it than the 21-25 year
olds. This is because the mode for the 21-25 age group is don’t know, but for the
26-30 age group is November, which is accurate.