Material 5.pptx
•
0 likes•6 views
This document discusses phase diagrams for binary systems with different types of solubility between liquid and solid phases. It provides examples of phase diagrams for systems with: (1) complete liquid and solid solubility, (2) complete liquid but zero solid solubility, and (3) complete liquid and limited solid solubility. It also works through examples of determining phase compositions and amounts for steel alloys based on their placement on an iron-carbon phase diagram.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Material 7
The document discusses the composition and phases of a lead-tin alloy at eutectic composition after the eutectic reaction. It determines that the alpha phase comprises 45% of the alloy and is 19% tin, while the beta phase comprises 55% of the alloy and is 97% tin. It then calculates that for 200g of alloy, the alpha phase mass is 90g and the beta phase mass is 110g. It further calculates the masses of lead and tin in each phase. The document also contains information about determining the phases and amounts of cementite, austenite, and alpha in a steel alloy.
L7_Fe-C_ Diagram MICRO STRUCTURE.pdf
The document describes the iron-carbon phase diagram. It discusses the various phases that exist in iron-carbon alloys including δ-ferrite, austenite, α-ferrite, and cementite. It outlines the crystal structures and carbon solubility limits of each phase. The diagram shows the phase regions and transformation temperatures. Key features include the eutectoid reaction where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite at 727°C, and the eutectic point where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite at 1148°C. Micrographs show the microstructures of pearlite, martensite, and other phases. Examples are given to illustrate interpretation of phase transformations on
fe-c diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram and the microstructures that form in steels of different carbon compositions. It describes the phases in the Fe-C system including α-ferrite, γ-austenite, δ-ferrite, and Fe3C cementite. The eutectic and eutectoid reactions are identified. Microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels upon slow cooling are discussed. These include proeutectoid ferrite or cementite plus pearlite. The lever rule is used to determine the fraction of phases. An example problem demonstrates using the phase diagram and lever rule to calculate phase compositions and
iron carbon phase diagram
The document summarizes key concepts about the iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) phase diagram as it relates to steels. It describes the different phases in the diagram - α-ferrite, γ-austenite, δ-ferrite, Fe3C, and liquid solution. It discusses how carbon is soluble in each phase and the transformations between them. The microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels depending on their carbon content are also summarized. An example problem demonstrates using the phase diagram to determine phase compositions and amounts.
Unit 3.ppt
This document discusses metallurgy and ferrous metals. It covers several topics:
- The allotropy of iron and the iron-iron carbide phase diagram.
- The different phases in steel like ferrite, austenite, cementite, and pearlite. It discusses the microstructure and properties of each phase.
- The eutectoid reaction and microstructures of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels.
- Numerical examples involving calculating phase amounts using lever rule from phase diagrams.
- Critical temperatures on the iron-iron carbide diagram and their significance.
- How the mechanical properties vary based on
Fe-C diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram. It describes three important reactions:
1) The eutectic reaction occurs at 4.3% carbon and 1,147°C, where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite.
2) The eutectoid reaction occurs at 0.76% carbon and 727°C, where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite to form pearlite.
3) The peritectic reaction occurs at 0.16% carbon and 1,493°C, where liquid and delta-ferrite transform to austenite.
The phase diagram is used to explain the microstructures that form in steels with different carbon
CHAPTER 9.1 - PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR METALLIC SYSTEMS.pdf
The document discusses phase diagrams and binary systems. It defines key terms like phase, components, and solubility limit. It explains how to interpret phase diagrams to determine the phases present, phase compositions, and phase fractions based on temperature and composition. Examples are given for interpreting isomorphous and eutectic systems like Cu-Ni and Pb-Sn using lever rule calculations. Microstructural changes during cooling are also discussed.
Ch 27.5 iron carbon equilibrium diagram
1. The document discusses the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, which shows the different phases of iron as carbon content and temperature vary.
2. It describes the different phases of iron - ferrite, austenite, cementite - and how their crystal structures and carbon solubility change with temperature.
3. Pearlite, an important microstructure in steel, is a lamellar structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite that forms during a eutectoid reaction when austenite cools below 723°C.
Recommended
Material 7
The document discusses the composition and phases of a lead-tin alloy at eutectic composition after the eutectic reaction. It determines that the alpha phase comprises 45% of the alloy and is 19% tin, while the beta phase comprises 55% of the alloy and is 97% tin. It then calculates that for 200g of alloy, the alpha phase mass is 90g and the beta phase mass is 110g. It further calculates the masses of lead and tin in each phase. The document also contains information about determining the phases and amounts of cementite, austenite, and alpha in a steel alloy.
L7_Fe-C_ Diagram MICRO STRUCTURE.pdf
The document describes the iron-carbon phase diagram. It discusses the various phases that exist in iron-carbon alloys including δ-ferrite, austenite, α-ferrite, and cementite. It outlines the crystal structures and carbon solubility limits of each phase. The diagram shows the phase regions and transformation temperatures. Key features include the eutectoid reaction where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite at 727°C, and the eutectic point where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite at 1148°C. Micrographs show the microstructures of pearlite, martensite, and other phases. Examples are given to illustrate interpretation of phase transformations on
fe-c diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram and the microstructures that form in steels of different carbon compositions. It describes the phases in the Fe-C system including α-ferrite, γ-austenite, δ-ferrite, and Fe3C cementite. The eutectic and eutectoid reactions are identified. Microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels upon slow cooling are discussed. These include proeutectoid ferrite or cementite plus pearlite. The lever rule is used to determine the fraction of phases. An example problem demonstrates using the phase diagram and lever rule to calculate phase compositions and
iron carbon phase diagram
The document summarizes key concepts about the iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) phase diagram as it relates to steels. It describes the different phases in the diagram - α-ferrite, γ-austenite, δ-ferrite, Fe3C, and liquid solution. It discusses how carbon is soluble in each phase and the transformations between them. The microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels depending on their carbon content are also summarized. An example problem demonstrates using the phase diagram to determine phase compositions and amounts.
Unit 3.ppt
This document discusses metallurgy and ferrous metals. It covers several topics:
- The allotropy of iron and the iron-iron carbide phase diagram.
- The different phases in steel like ferrite, austenite, cementite, and pearlite. It discusses the microstructure and properties of each phase.
- The eutectoid reaction and microstructures of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels.
- Numerical examples involving calculating phase amounts using lever rule from phase diagrams.
- Critical temperatures on the iron-iron carbide diagram and their significance.
- How the mechanical properties vary based on
Fe-C diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram. It describes three important reactions:
1) The eutectic reaction occurs at 4.3% carbon and 1,147°C, where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite.
2) The eutectoid reaction occurs at 0.76% carbon and 727°C, where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite to form pearlite.
3) The peritectic reaction occurs at 0.16% carbon and 1,493°C, where liquid and delta-ferrite transform to austenite.
The phase diagram is used to explain the microstructures that form in steels with different carbon
CHAPTER 9.1 - PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR METALLIC SYSTEMS.pdf
The document discusses phase diagrams and binary systems. It defines key terms like phase, components, and solubility limit. It explains how to interpret phase diagrams to determine the phases present, phase compositions, and phase fractions based on temperature and composition. Examples are given for interpreting isomorphous and eutectic systems like Cu-Ni and Pb-Sn using lever rule calculations. Microstructural changes during cooling are also discussed.
Ch 27.5 iron carbon equilibrium diagram
1. The document discusses the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, which shows the different phases of iron as carbon content and temperature vary.
2. It describes the different phases of iron - ferrite, austenite, cementite - and how their crystal structures and carbon solubility change with temperature.
3. Pearlite, an important microstructure in steel, is a lamellar structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite that forms during a eutectoid reaction when austenite cools below 723°C.
13
The document discusses the thermodynamic properties of iron-based alloys. It describes the various phases in the Fe-C phase diagram, including α-ferrite, γ-austenite, and Fe3C cementite. It notes that eutectic and eutectoid reactions are important for heat treating steel. The microstructure of steel depends on its carbon content and heat treatment. Hypoeutectoid steel contains ferrite and pearlite, while hypereutectoid steel contains cementite and pearlite. The effect of adding silicon and manganese to iron-carbon alloys is to decrease stability of cementite, increase stability of ferrite, and decrease eutectic/eut
#10 Key
This document contains 7 problems related to general chemistry. It provides chemical equations to balance, asks students to calculate formula weights and percent compositions of substances, defines key concepts like moles and molar mass, and has multi-step calculations involving moles, molar mass, and grams. The problems cover topics like stoichiometry, formula weights, percent composition, gas laws, and molar conversions.
chap 10 solution.pdf
its a solution of a book whichn is uesd to help solving numerical problemmmmmmmmmmmmapapakdodoodjcjwojfojwojofhiwhdhwdhkjwdjwjdwjdkjwdjwdwidwdwdiwjdkwjdjwdjwdjjwdkxdkjksjdkjsdkksjdksjdjiufyutydowowdkjdiwhwhdwdguhhhsdkdkjhhhhhhjjjhaunhjjjkjkkkdkhhdjsdjjdjsjsjdghfgdgvdjhjadjdjsadjhsdijagsykhsdgkjhhhgd
properties of materials chemical related document for educational information
properties of materials
A109211802 physicalmetallurgy1
This document contains questions from a Physical Metallurgy exam for a second year undergraduate course. The questions cover various metallurgical topics including phase diagrams, solid solutions, nucleation and growth, defects in crystals, heat treatments, and properties of materials like steel. Specifically, questions involve topics such as construction of phase diagrams, slip systems, martensitic transformations, precipitation hardening, and calculations using concepts like the lever rule and eutectoid reactions.
Iron carbon diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram which is used to understand the different phases of steel and cast iron. The diagram shows the solid phases of α-ferrite, austenite (γ), cementite (Fe3C), and δ-ferrite that exist in steels and cast irons containing less than 6.7% carbon. It describes the crystal structures and carbon solubility ranges for each phase. Invariant reactions on the diagram are also summarized, including the peritectic, eutectic, and eutectoid reactions that occur between phases.
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document contains questions from a 7th semester civil engineering examination on environmental engineering and design of sewer systems. It asks students to calculate runoff coefficients and stormwater quantities based on land use data. It also asks questions on sewer design principles like hydraulic formulas, velocity calculations, sewer appurtenances, and house drainage design. Additional questions cover wastewater characterization through BOD tests and conventional wastewater treatment plant processes and units.Kites team l5
This document discusses stress and strain concepts including superposition, thermal expansion, and deformation of composite structures. It provides equations for normal stress, strain, thermal expansion, compatibility conditions, and summarizes several example problems. The examples calculate stresses, strains, deformations in structures with different materials subjected to forces, temperature changes, and determine reactions at supports.
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document appears to be an exam paper for a Geotechnical Engineering course consisting of two parts - Part A and Part B. It contains 10 questions with varying marks allotted to each question. The questions cover topics related to geotechnical site investigation methods, bearing capacity of soils, groundwater flow, earth pressure theories, slope stability analysis, shallow foundations, deep foundations and retaining walls. Students are instructed to answer any five full questions selecting at least two from each part. The questions require calculations and explanations/derivations related to geotechnical engineering concepts and theories.ME 3101 Material Science and Engineering Fall 2016
This chapter discusses phase transformations in materials. It addresses key issues like how the rate of transformation depends on time and temperature. Non-equilibrium structures can be engineered by slowing down transformations. The chapter examines the kinetics of phase transformations using models like the Avrami equation. It explores transformations in various material systems like iron-carbon alloys and how processing conditions like cooling rates affect microstructure and properties.
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document contains a summary of key information from a longer document or set of documents related to civil engineering.
1) The document contains questions and answers related to topics in environmental engineering, transportation engineering, geotechnical engineering, and design and drawing of RCC structures.
2) For each section, the document provides questions to be answered and/or problems to be solved related to the technical topics. Diagrams, sketches, calculations and explanations are required.
3) The questions cover a wide range of civil engineering subdisciplines and require summarizing technical concepts, performing calculations, and providing diagrams/drawings as needed.Ch10 m
This document summarizes key concepts about phase transformations from Chapter 10 of an materials science textbook. It discusses (1) how the rate of phase transformations depends on time and temperature, (2) different non-equilibrium structures that can form like bainite and martensite, and (3) how the mechanical properties vary for different phase structures and compositions. Examples of the iron-carbon phase diagram and transformations are analyzed in detail.
IIT JEE Main Sample Paper Set2 Questions
The document provides instructions for a sample chemistry, mathematics, and physics exam. It consists of 3 parts with 30 questions each, for a total of 90 questions worth 360 marks. For each correct answer, candidates will receive 4 marks. For each incorrect answer, 1/4 of a mark will be deducted. There can only be one correct answer per question. The test is 3 hours long.
Ch09 phase diagm-sent-fall2016
The document discusses phase diagrams and microstructures in binary alloy systems. It uses the Cu-Ni and Pb-Sn systems as examples. Some key points:
1) A binary phase diagram shows the phases present (solid, liquid, etc.) as a function of temperature and composition for a two-component system. It can be used to determine phases, phase compositions, and amounts at a given temperature and composition.
2) The Cu-Ni system is a continuous solid solution with a single α phase at all compositions. The Pb-Sn system is eutectic, with α, β, and liquid phases separated by solubility limits.
3) Eutectic microstructures form a
Tang 05 ionization + kb 2
The document discusses key concepts related to acid-base chemistry including percentage ionization, Ka, Kb, and calculations involving weak acids and bases. Percentage ionization can be calculated from Ka and initial concentration and increases as the solution becomes more dilute. Kb is the dissociation constant for weak bases and is related to Ka through the water ionization constant Kw. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations of percentage ionization, Ka, Kb, and pH from initial concentrations for both weak acids and bases.
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018BGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document appears to be an examination for an advanced concrete design course. It includes questions related to concrete mix design, properties of concrete, testing methods, durability, special concretes, and more. Specifically, Part A asks about Bogue's compounds in cement, concrete rheology, porosity calculations, superplasticizers, fly ash, and mix design. Part B covers permeability, alkali-aggregate reaction, sulfate attack, fiber reinforced concrete, ferrocement, lightweight/high density concrete, and concrete properties. Part C asks about non-destructive testing methods, high performance concrete, and special topics like self-consolidating concrete. The document provides an examination covering a wide range of advanced concrete topics.2005 tc c-tc-met-jn6316
The document summarizes research on technetium metal and carbide phases. Key findings include:
1) A new orthorhombic phase of technetium metal was discovered with unit cell parameters of a = 2.805(4), b = 4.958(8), c = 4.474(5) Å for samples containing 1.38 wt.% carbon.
2) Softer conditions than previously reported were able to form technetium carbide, with a cubic phase observed at 800°C containing carbon in defective sites within the fcc structure.
3) Technetium carbide has a microhardness that is 2-2.5 times higher than pure technetium
IRON CARBON DIAGRAM PPT.pptx
The iron-carbon phase diagram shows the equilibrium phases that exist at different temperatures depending on the carbon content of the alloy. It includes the following phases:
1) Ferrite - a body-centered cubic phase stable at lower temperatures.
2) Austenite - a face-centered cubic phase stable at intermediate temperatures.
3) Cementite - an iron-carbon intermetallic compound.
4) Pearlite - a lamellar structure of ferrite and cementite that forms during slow cooling of eutectoid steel.
5) Martensite - a super-saturated solid solution of carbon in ferrite that forms during rapid quenching.
section 7 modified-2.pdf
1. The document discusses four methods of calculating depreciation: straight line, use or production, double declining balance, and sum of years digits.
2. It provides the formulas for calculating depreciation under each method and works through an example problem to calculate the depreciation each year for a car purchased for $200,000 and sold for $100,000 over 10 years.
3. Using the straight line method, depreciation is $10,000 per year. Using the use or production method, depreciation ranges from $882 to $33,921 over the 10 years. Using the double declining balance method, depreciation declines from $40,000 to $7,272
section 5.pptx
This document provides examples of calculating economics metrics for chemical plants, including:
1) Estimating total capital investment (TCI) and fixed capital investment (FCI) given purchased equipment costs.
2) Calculating turnover ratio given FCI, sales, production details.
3) Finding breakeven point and production costs considering raw materials, utilities, labor, capital investment, production levels.
Step-by-step workings are shown for various examples, covering definitions of key terms, factors to consider, and formulas used to determine costs, investments, turnover ratios and breakeven analysis.
Section 4.pptx
- The document discusses methods for estimating the costs of major chemical plant equipment such as condensers, columns, heat exchangers, and reactors. It provides examples of calculating equipment costs based on size, material, pressure, and cost constants from tables.
- Total capital investment is estimated considering equipment purchase costs, physical plant costs, fixed capital investment, working capital, and indirect costs. Examples are provided to estimate total costs for process plants and expansion projects.
- Cost indices can be used to adjust older cost estimates to current year dollar values.
More Related Content
Similar to Material 5.pptx
13
The document discusses the thermodynamic properties of iron-based alloys. It describes the various phases in the Fe-C phase diagram, including α-ferrite, γ-austenite, and Fe3C cementite. It notes that eutectic and eutectoid reactions are important for heat treating steel. The microstructure of steel depends on its carbon content and heat treatment. Hypoeutectoid steel contains ferrite and pearlite, while hypereutectoid steel contains cementite and pearlite. The effect of adding silicon and manganese to iron-carbon alloys is to decrease stability of cementite, increase stability of ferrite, and decrease eutectic/eut
#10 Key
This document contains 7 problems related to general chemistry. It provides chemical equations to balance, asks students to calculate formula weights and percent compositions of substances, defines key concepts like moles and molar mass, and has multi-step calculations involving moles, molar mass, and grams. The problems cover topics like stoichiometry, formula weights, percent composition, gas laws, and molar conversions.
chap 10 solution.pdf
its a solution of a book whichn is uesd to help solving numerical problemmmmmmmmmmmmapapakdodoodjcjwojfojwojofhiwhdhwdhkjwdjwjdwjdkjwdjwdwidwdwdiwjdkwjdjwdjwdjjwdkxdkjksjdkjsdkksjdksjdjiufyutydowowdkjdiwhwhdwdguhhhsdkdkjhhhhhhjjjhaunhjjjkjkkkdkhhdjsdjjdjsjsjdghfgdgvdjhjadjdjsadjhsdijagsykhsdgkjhhhgd
properties of materials chemical related document for educational information
properties of materials
A109211802 physicalmetallurgy1
This document contains questions from a Physical Metallurgy exam for a second year undergraduate course. The questions cover various metallurgical topics including phase diagrams, solid solutions, nucleation and growth, defects in crystals, heat treatments, and properties of materials like steel. Specifically, questions involve topics such as construction of phase diagrams, slip systems, martensitic transformations, precipitation hardening, and calculations using concepts like the lever rule and eutectoid reactions.
Iron carbon diagram
The document discusses the iron-carbon phase diagram which is used to understand the different phases of steel and cast iron. The diagram shows the solid phases of α-ferrite, austenite (γ), cementite (Fe3C), and δ-ferrite that exist in steels and cast irons containing less than 6.7% carbon. It describes the crystal structures and carbon solubility ranges for each phase. Invariant reactions on the diagram are also summarized, including the peritectic, eutectic, and eutectoid reactions that occur between phases.
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document contains questions from a 7th semester civil engineering examination on environmental engineering and design of sewer systems. It asks students to calculate runoff coefficients and stormwater quantities based on land use data. It also asks questions on sewer design principles like hydraulic formulas, velocity calculations, sewer appurtenances, and house drainage design. Additional questions cover wastewater characterization through BOD tests and conventional wastewater treatment plant processes and units.Kites team l5
This document discusses stress and strain concepts including superposition, thermal expansion, and deformation of composite structures. It provides equations for normal stress, strain, thermal expansion, compatibility conditions, and summarizes several example problems. The examples calculate stresses, strains, deformations in structures with different materials subjected to forces, temperature changes, and determine reactions at supports.
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document appears to be an exam paper for a Geotechnical Engineering course consisting of two parts - Part A and Part B. It contains 10 questions with varying marks allotted to each question. The questions cover topics related to geotechnical site investigation methods, bearing capacity of soils, groundwater flow, earth pressure theories, slope stability analysis, shallow foundations, deep foundations and retaining walls. Students are instructed to answer any five full questions selecting at least two from each part. The questions require calculations and explanations/derivations related to geotechnical engineering concepts and theories.ME 3101 Material Science and Engineering Fall 2016
This chapter discusses phase transformations in materials. It addresses key issues like how the rate of transformation depends on time and temperature. Non-equilibrium structures can be engineered by slowing down transformations. The chapter examines the kinetics of phase transformations using models like the Avrami equation. It explores transformations in various material systems like iron-carbon alloys and how processing conditions like cooling rates affect microstructure and properties.
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question PaperBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document contains a summary of key information from a longer document or set of documents related to civil engineering.
1) The document contains questions and answers related to topics in environmental engineering, transportation engineering, geotechnical engineering, and design and drawing of RCC structures.
2) For each section, the document provides questions to be answered and/or problems to be solved related to the technical topics. Diagrams, sketches, calculations and explanations are required.
3) The questions cover a wide range of civil engineering subdisciplines and require summarizing technical concepts, performing calculations, and providing diagrams/drawings as needed.Ch10 m
This document summarizes key concepts about phase transformations from Chapter 10 of an materials science textbook. It discusses (1) how the rate of phase transformations depends on time and temperature, (2) different non-equilibrium structures that can form like bainite and martensite, and (3) how the mechanical properties vary for different phase structures and compositions. Examples of the iron-carbon phase diagram and transformations are analyzed in detail.
IIT JEE Main Sample Paper Set2 Questions
The document provides instructions for a sample chemistry, mathematics, and physics exam. It consists of 3 parts with 30 questions each, for a total of 90 questions worth 360 marks. For each correct answer, candidates will receive 4 marks. For each incorrect answer, 1/4 of a mark will be deducted. There can only be one correct answer per question. The test is 3 hours long.
Ch09 phase diagm-sent-fall2016
The document discusses phase diagrams and microstructures in binary alloy systems. It uses the Cu-Ni and Pb-Sn systems as examples. Some key points:
1) A binary phase diagram shows the phases present (solid, liquid, etc.) as a function of temperature and composition for a two-component system. It can be used to determine phases, phase compositions, and amounts at a given temperature and composition.
2) The Cu-Ni system is a continuous solid solution with a single α phase at all compositions. The Pb-Sn system is eutectic, with α, β, and liquid phases separated by solubility limits.
3) Eutectic microstructures form a
Tang 05 ionization + kb 2
The document discusses key concepts related to acid-base chemistry including percentage ionization, Ka, Kb, and calculations involving weak acids and bases. Percentage ionization can be calculated from Ka and initial concentration and increases as the solution becomes more dilute. Kb is the dissociation constant for weak bases and is related to Ka through the water ionization constant Kw. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations of percentage ionization, Ka, Kb, and pH from initial concentrations for both weak acids and bases.
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018BGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document appears to be an examination for an advanced concrete design course. It includes questions related to concrete mix design, properties of concrete, testing methods, durability, special concretes, and more. Specifically, Part A asks about Bogue's compounds in cement, concrete rheology, porosity calculations, superplasticizers, fly ash, and mix design. Part B covers permeability, alkali-aggregate reaction, sulfate attack, fiber reinforced concrete, ferrocement, lightweight/high density concrete, and concrete properties. Part C asks about non-destructive testing methods, high performance concrete, and special topics like self-consolidating concrete. The document provides an examination covering a wide range of advanced concrete topics.2005 tc c-tc-met-jn6316
The document summarizes research on technetium metal and carbide phases. Key findings include:
1) A new orthorhombic phase of technetium metal was discovered with unit cell parameters of a = 2.805(4), b = 4.958(8), c = 4.474(5) Å for samples containing 1.38 wt.% carbon.
2) Softer conditions than previously reported were able to form technetium carbide, with a cubic phase observed at 800°C containing carbon in defective sites within the fcc structure.
3) Technetium carbide has a microhardness that is 2-2.5 times higher than pure technetium
IRON CARBON DIAGRAM PPT.pptx
The iron-carbon phase diagram shows the equilibrium phases that exist at different temperatures depending on the carbon content of the alloy. It includes the following phases:
1) Ferrite - a body-centered cubic phase stable at lower temperatures.
2) Austenite - a face-centered cubic phase stable at intermediate temperatures.
3) Cementite - an iron-carbon intermetallic compound.
4) Pearlite - a lamellar structure of ferrite and cementite that forms during slow cooling of eutectoid steel.
5) Martensite - a super-saturated solid solution of carbon in ferrite that forms during rapid quenching.
Similar to Material 5.pptx (19)
Fe-C diagrams related to propeties of materials.pptx
Fe-C diagrams related to propeties of materials.pptx
properties of materials chemical related document for educational information
properties of materials chemical related document for educational information
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
7th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (June; July-2015) Civil Engineering Question Paper
ME 3101 Material Science and Engineering Fall 2016
ME 3101 Material Science and Engineering Fall 2016
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
6th Semester (July-2016) Civil Engineering Question Paper
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018
8th Semester Civil Engineering Question Papers June/july 2018
More from kareemhamad3
section 7 modified-2.pdf
1. The document discusses four methods of calculating depreciation: straight line, use or production, double declining balance, and sum of years digits.
2. It provides the formulas for calculating depreciation under each method and works through an example problem to calculate the depreciation each year for a car purchased for $200,000 and sold for $100,000 over 10 years.
3. Using the straight line method, depreciation is $10,000 per year. Using the use or production method, depreciation ranges from $882 to $33,921 over the 10 years. Using the double declining balance method, depreciation declines from $40,000 to $7,272
section 5.pptx
This document provides examples of calculating economics metrics for chemical plants, including:
1) Estimating total capital investment (TCI) and fixed capital investment (FCI) given purchased equipment costs.
2) Calculating turnover ratio given FCI, sales, production details.
3) Finding breakeven point and production costs considering raw materials, utilities, labor, capital investment, production levels.
Step-by-step workings are shown for various examples, covering definitions of key terms, factors to consider, and formulas used to determine costs, investments, turnover ratios and breakeven analysis.
Section 4.pptx
- The document discusses methods for estimating the costs of major chemical plant equipment such as condensers, columns, heat exchangers, and reactors. It provides examples of calculating equipment costs based on size, material, pressure, and cost constants from tables.
- Total capital investment is estimated considering equipment purchase costs, physical plant costs, fixed capital investment, working capital, and indirect costs. Examples are provided to estimate total costs for process plants and expansion projects.
- Cost indices can be used to adjust older cost estimates to current year dollar values.
Section 3-2.pptx
This document discusses methods for estimating capital costs for chemical plants. Quick rough estimates are needed early in the design process to evaluate alternative designs. More accurate estimates require more design detail. Capital costs include fixed costs for equipment, construction, and facilities, as well as working capital for start-up. Historical cost data can be escalated using cost indices. The factorial method estimates capital cost as factors applied to the total equipment cost. Detailed factorial estimates consider individual cost factors rather than a single overall factor.
Section 9.pptx
The document discusses optimum design parameters and provides examples of determining optimum values that minimize costs. Question 1 finds the optimum insulation thickness. Question 2 determines optimum temperature and pressure values that minimize total cost. Question 3 calculates the daily profit at the production rate giving minimum cost per unit and maximum daily profit. Question 4 involves determining the batch cycle time that gives the minimum total annual cost of producing 1 million kg of chemical product.
Section 8.pptx
The document discusses several questions related to evaluating investment options for chemical plants based on their economics.
For the first question, four heat exchanger designs to recover lost heat from waste gases are evaluated based on their initial cost, operating costs, heat savings value, and annual savings. Design 4 is determined to have the highest return on incremental investment.
The second question evaluates two investment alternatives based on their rate of return, minimum payback period, and capitalized cost to determine which meets the company's investment criteria.
The third question analyzes two reactor options based on their initial cost, maintenance costs, salvage value, service time, yield, and profit to determine which meets the ROI condition and maximum 3 year pay
Section 2.pptx
1) The document discusses rules for calculating simple interest, compound interest, effective interest rates, and continuous compounding. It provides examples of calculating total amounts, interest rates, and present worth for various scenarios involving loans, bonds, and investments with different interest rates and time periods.
2) Questions are worked through calculating total amounts, interest rates, and present worth for investments with monthly, daily, semiannual compounding and continuous compounding over periods of 2, 4, 10, and 12 years.
3) Formulas used include simple interest, compound interest, effective interest rates, continuous compounding, and present worth. Results are calculated and explained for each question.
Section 1.pptx
This document discusses the importance of economics in chemical engineering and provides examples to illustrate key concepts. It notes that economics involves dealing with scarce resources efficiently to achieve optimal results at lowest cost. A case study compares the economics of an old versus new refrigerator design over time, factoring in capital costs, operating costs, and interest earnings. The document emphasizes choosing the optimum option by evaluating how variable factors like pipe diameter and insulation thickness impact both capital and operating costs. The overall goal is selecting designs that minimize total lifetime costs.
section 6 .pptx
The document discusses break even analysis for chemical plants. It provides examples of calculating the break even point in units and sales revenue for different unit retail prices and variable costs. It also contains examples of determining profit given production levels. Questions include calculating break even points, drawing break even charts, and determining if a plant is profitable based on supply and demand curves and fixed and variable costs.
section 1.pptx
The document discusses common mechanical operations involving particulate matter including calculating the shape factor of different particle shapes, performing a sieve analysis to determine properties like specific surface area and average particle diameter, and using a correlation equation between cumulative fraction and particle size to calculate constants and the average surface volume diameter. Sieve analysis data is provided for a problem involving calculating values like specific surface area, average particle diameter, median diameter, and average surface volume particle diameter.
section 4.pptx
This document discusses belt conveyor design and calculations. It provides guidelines for belt thickness and idler spacing based on material density being conveyed. It also outlines the equations needed to calculate the mass of the belt, idlers, and material per unit length, which are required for power calculations. These include factors like the number of idlers per side, mass of individual idlers, belt thickness and density, and flow rate and velocity of the material being conveyed. An example problem is provided to demonstrate how to apply these calculations.
section 2.pptx
The document provides information on calculating mass storage in stockpiles and storage facilities using bulk density, angle of repose, and dimensional measurements. It includes examples of:
1) Calculating the mass of gravel that can be stored in a 6x6m area using the given bulk density of 1700kg/m3 and angle of repose of 45°, finding the answer is 48 tons.
2) Finding the minimum dimension H of 8.5m for a storage compartment with a 5x5m base to store 360 tons of bauxite ore over 3 days at a furnace rate of 5 tons/hr, using the given bulk density of 2000kg/m3 and angle of repose of
section 5.pptx
This document provides rules and examples for calculating mechanical operations related to bulk solids storage and transport. It includes formulas for calculating volume and mass flow rate of cones, as well as vertical and lateral pressures at the bottom of a bin. An example calculates these pressures for a given bin geometry. It also discusses belt conveyor design, including belt and idler specifications and formulas for power calculations. The final example uses these formulas to calculate the motor power and storage bin dimensions needed for a given solid transportation rate and production period.
section7.pptx
1. The document discusses various rules and equations related to mechanical operations like crushing, grinding and milling including Rittinger's law, Kick's law, and equations for calculating ball mill dimensions, rotation speeds, and charge volumes.
2. It provides an example calculation for estimating the theoretical power required to grind a one ton batch in a roller mill over 30 minutes given the feed and product screen analyses.
3. Questions and examples are given for calculating reasonable ball mill speeds, ball charges, and rock feed charges given mill dimensions and properties of the balls and feed material.
section 9.pptx
This document discusses three questions related to mechanical operations and flow through porous media:
1. It calculates the pressure drop across a catalyst bed packed with cylindrical pellets for an air stream, and how this would change with larger pellet size.
2. It estimates the inlet pressure of a catalyst tower given the outlet pressure, dimensions, flow properties, and contact time.
3. It calculates the porosity of a bed packed with Raschig rings given the pressure drop and flow properties of an air stream.
section 8.pptx
This document provides information on mechanical operations like crushing and grinding. It includes:
- Rules for operations like Rittinger's law, Kick's law, and Bond work index.
- Parameters for equipment like ball mill rotation speed, ball size, and charge mass.
- Worked examples calculating time required to achieve a specific surface increase in crushing and grinding, based on parameters like feed size, product size, power, and work index.
- An example calculating the time required to grind one ton of material in a batch rod mill, given the motor power, grinding efficiency, feed and product sizes, and work index.
section 6.pptx
This document discusses common mechanical operations used to transport materials, including bucket elevators, screw conveyors, and pneumatic transportation. It provides examples of how to calculate the power required for a bucket elevator to lift crushed alumina, the design of a screw conveyor to transport fly ash horizontally, and the conveying capacity of a pneumatic transportation system moving ground rock vertically and horizontally through pipes and elbows. Key parameters discussed include bulk density, spacing, pitch, filling ratio, pressure change, flow rate, and power.
section 3-2.pptx
The document provides information to design a cylindrical storage bin for 450 tons of soda ash. It includes the material properties and design requirements. The summary is:
The dimensions of the bin are estimated as a diameter of 5m, conical bottom height of 6.5m, and cylindrical height of 11.5m. The minimum bottom opening diameter is 141.5mm. With a bottom diameter twice the minimum, the solid flow rate out of the bin would be 146 kg/s. The vertical pressure on the bottom is 29.3 kPa and equivalent liquid pressure is 211 kPa.
material science 1 .pptx
This document provides notes on material science concepts. It discusses key points about assignments, quizzes, reports and presentations. It also covers classifications of materials, basic concepts like deformation, stress, strain and mechanical properties including elasticity, ductility, brittleness, hardness and toughness. Graphs of stress-strain curves are presented and terms like elastic limit, yield point and ultimate tensile strength are defined. Students are instructed to submit assignments on time and follow the instructor's directions.
material science 2 .pptx
This document discusses material science concepts including stress, strain, Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus. It provides definitions and formulas for these terms and includes examples of calculating stress, strain, elongation, shear stress, and changes in volume using given material properties and applied forces. Several practice problems are worked through applying these concepts to situations like stretching a cylinder, cutting a sheet, and determining changes to a bowling ball underwater.
More from kareemhamad3 (20)
Recently uploaded
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaCHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Recently uploaded (20)
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Material 5.pptx
- 1. PHASE DIAGRAMS-2 Eng. Kareem. H. Mokhtar
- 3. Q3) Draw schematic phase diagrams for binary systems with ■ a) complete liquid and solid solubility b) complete liquid but zero solid solubility, c) complete liquid and limited solid solubility.
- 4. Fe 3 C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g +L g + Fe3C a + Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C
- 5. Q4) For a 99.6 wt% Fe-0.40 wt% C at a temperature just below the eutectoid, determine the following knowing that the maximum solubility of C in alpha is 0.022% a) composition of Fe3C (cementite) and alpha b) the amount of cementite in grams that forms per 100 g of steel c) the amount of austinite and alpha at pre-eutectoid Fe C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g+L g + Fe3C a+ Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C
- 6. a) composition of Fe3C and alpha CO = 0.40 wt% C Ca = 0.022 wt% C CFe C = 6.70 wt% C 3 Fe 3 C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g+L g + Fe3C a+ Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C CO R S CFe C 3 Ca Solution
- 7. b)the amount of cementite in grams that forms per 100 g of steel b) Amount of cementite= mass of alloy x percent of cementite Fe 3 C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g+L g + Fe3C a+ Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C R S CFe C 3 Calpha
- 8. a) the amount of Austinite and alpha at pre-eutectoid Co = 0.40 wt% C Ca = 0.022 wt% C Caus = 0.76 wt% C austinite= 51.2 g alpha= 48.8 g Fe 3 C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g+L g + Fe3C a+ Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C CO R S Caus Calpha
- 9. For Fe- C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectic, determine the following at the eutectic composition a) What are the phases present b) What is the composition of each phase c) What is the amount of each phase Fe C (cementite) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7 L g (austenite) g+L g + Fe3C a+ Fe3C L+Fe3C d Co, wt% C 1148°C T(°C) 727°C
- 10. Solution ■ a) Austenite and Cementite ■ B) Austenite is composed of 97.8%Fe and 2.2%C Cementite is composed of 93.3% Fe and 6.7% C ■ C) the amount of austenite is (6.7-4.3)/(6.7-2.2) The amount of Cementite is (4.3-2.2)/(6.7-2.2)