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![REFERENCES
• [1]: Mastectomy, NHS Choices, Online Resource: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Mastectomy/Pages/Introduction.aspx, [Last Accessed: 09/12/12 11:32].
• [2]: Gerber B, Krause A, Reimer T, et al. (2003), Skin-sparing mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola complex and autologous reconstruction is an oncologically safe procedure, Ann.
Surg.,238:1, p120–1277.
• [3]: Mokbel R, Mokbel K (2006), Is it safe to preserve the nipple areola complex during skin-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer?,Int J Fertil Women's Med., 51 :5, p230–232.
• [4] : Sacchini V, Pinotti JA, Barros AC, et al.(2006), Nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and risk reduction: oncologic or technical problem?,J. Am. Coll. Surg.,203:5, p704–714.
• [5]: Noguchi M, Sakuma H, Matsuba A, Kinoshita H, Miwa K, Miyazaki I (1983),Radicalmastectomy with intrapleural en bloc resection of internal mammary lymph node by sternal splitting,The
Japanese journal of surgery,13:1, p6–15.
• [6]:Neumayer LA, Mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/mastectomy/article_em.htm, [Last Accessed: 10/12/12 18:44].
• [7]:Figure 2: Mastectomy Images, Online Resource: http://images.emedicinehealth.com/images/4453/4453-54756-57444-62000.jpg, [Last Accessed: 10/12/12 18:49].
• [8]: Edwards HM(2004), Pantogen Surgical Script, Mastectomy.
• [9]: Figure 1: Breast Cancer, Merck Manuals, Online Resource: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology_and_obstetrics/breast_disorders/breast_cancer.html, [Last Accessed:
18/12/12 17:23].
• [10]: Vitug AF, Newman LA (2007), Complications in Breast Surgery, SurgClin N Am., 87, p431–451.
• [11]:Farrar WB, Fanning WJ (1988),Eliminating the dog-ear in modified radical mastectomy,Am J Surg., 156:5, p401–402.
• [12]: Grunwald Z, Moore JH, Schwartz GF(2003), Bilateral brachial plexus palsy after a right-side modifiedradical mastectomy with immediateTRAM flap reconstruction,Breast J., 9:1, p.41–43.
• [13]: Warner M, Blitt C, Butterworth J, et al. (2000), Practice advisory for the prevention of perioperativeperipheral neuropathies. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Task
Forceon the prevention of perioperative peripheral neuropathies.Anesthesiology, 92, p.1168–1182.
• [14]: Tabár L, Gad A, and Holmberg LH (1985), Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography,Lancet, 1:8433, p. 829–832.
• [15]: Malata CM, McIntosh SA,Purushotham AD (2000), Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer,British Journal of Surgery, 87:11, p.1455–1472.
• [16]:Arroyo JMG, López MLD (2011), Psychological Problems Derived from Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study, International Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2011.
• [17]: Nerv J, Polivy J (1977), Psychological effects of mastectomy on a woman's feminine self-concept, Ment Dis.,164:2, p.77-87.
• [18]: Vinh-Hung V, Verschraegen C, Breast Conserving Surgery Project (2004), Breast-Conserving Surgery With or Without Radiotherapy: Pooled-Analysis for Risks of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor
Recurrence and Mortality, JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst., 96:2, p. 115-121.
• [19]:Zakireh J (2012), Evolving Role of Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Treatment, The Post-Graduate Course in General Surgery.
• [20]: Carlson GW (2011), Technical Advances in Skin Sparing Mastectomy,International Journal of Surgical Oncology. [21]: Wood JE (1983), Subcutaneous mastectomy: current state of the art, Ann
Plast Surg.,;11:6,p541-550.
• [22]: Mastectomy And Breast Reconstruction Audit Report Published, Online Resource: Http://Www.Hqip.Org.Uk/Mastectomy-And-Breast-Reconstruction-Audit-Report-Published/, [Last Accessed:
10/12/12 13:45].
• [23:] Leak K, Spruce P, Johnson S (2009), Improving outcomes for patients following surgery for breast cancer, Wounds UK, 5:3.
• [24]: Dorval M, Maunsell E, Deschenes L, Brisson J (1998), Type of Mastectomy and Quality of Life for Long Term Breast Carcinoma Survivors, American Cancer Society.
• [25]: Figure 3: Nipple sparing mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.thesculpturedimage.com/mastectomy.php, [Last Accessed: 11/12/12 18:48].
• [26]: Figure 4: Mastectomy procedure example, Smartdraw, Online Resource: http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/view/mastectomy+procedure/, [Last Accessed: 11/12/12 18:34].
• [27]: Ray C (1977), Psychological implications of mastectomy, British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16:4, p.373-377.
• [28]: Al-Ghazal SK, Fallowfield L, Blamey RW (2000),Comparison of psychological aspects and patient satisfaction following breast conserving surgery, simple mastectomy and breast reconstruction,
European Journal of Cancer, 36:15, p.1938-1943.
• [29]:Mastectomy picture, Online Resource: http://www.theharleystreetbreastclinic.co.uk/the-surgical-treatment-of-breast-cancer, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:37].
• [30]:Reconstruction, Online Resource: http://lulupanache.wordpress.com/category/bilateral-diep-reconstruction/page/2/, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:37].
• [31]:Eplasty, Online Resource: http://www.eplasty.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=463&catid=171:volume-10-eplasty-2010 ,[Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:38].
• [32]:Breast Mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.vashishtsurgicalservices.co.uk/breast_cancer/patient_info/breast_mastectomy.htm, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:38].
• [33]: Double mastectomy surgery, Online Resource: http://24citinews.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/double-mastectomy-surgery.html, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:39].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ulvanozadssc-140802051729-phpapp02/75/Mastectomy-and-Breast-Cancer-11-2048.jpg)
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Mastectomy and Breast Cancer
This document discusses mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of all or part of the breast tissue. It describes different types of mastectomies, including simple, skin-sparing, and radical mastectomies. Indications for mastectomy include large cancerous tumors, inflammatory breast conditions, and high risk of invasive cancer. Potential complications include lymphedema, nerve damage, infection, and changes in body image or quality of life. Reconstruction options are also discussed.
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Mastectomy and Breast Cancer
- 1.
- 2. CAUSE REMOVAL OF CANCEROUSTISSUE PROPHYLACTIC BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY OR MASTECTOMY?
- 3. INDICATIONS LARGE CANCER TISSUE CENTRALLYLOCATED TUMOURS LOBULAR OR MULTI-CENTRIC CARCINOMA RISK OF INVASIVE CANCER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS SUSPICIOUS CALCIFICATIONS CONTRA-INDICATIONS TO RADIOTHERAPY RECURRENT CARCINOMA PRIMARY TUMOURS FOLLOWING SURGERY CANCER BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY WOULD BE INADEQUATE BREAST IS SMALL COMPARED TO THE TUMOUR COMPLETION MASTECTOMY FAMILY HISTORY GENETICS PATIENT’S CHOICE PROPHYLACTIC MASTECTOMY
- 4. TYPES SIMPLE MASTECTOMY SEGMENTAL MASTECTOMY SKIN-SPARINGMASTECTOMY SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY RADICAL MASTECTOMY MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY MODIFIED MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY EXTENDED RADICAL MASTECTOMY
- 5.
- 6.
- 7. COMPLICATIONS MASTECTOMY-SPECIFIC COMPLICATIONS INCISIONAL DOGEARS LYMPHEDEMA NERVE DAMAGE GENERAL COMPLICATIONS BLOOD LOSS INFECTION CARDIAC PROBLEMS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS GENERAL WOUND COMPLICATIONS WOUND INFECTIONS HAEMATOMA SEROMA VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM CHRONIC PAIN
- 8. PSYCHOLOGY CHANGES IN BODYIMAGE QUALITY OF LIFETHREAT OF PASSING AWAY TOUGH TREATMENT PROCESS
- 9.
- 10.
- 11. REFERENCES • [1]: Mastectomy,NHS Choices, Online Resource: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Mastectomy/Pages/Introduction.aspx, [Last Accessed: 09/12/12 11:32]. • [2]: Gerber B, Krause A, Reimer T, et al. (2003), Skin-sparing mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola complex and autologous reconstruction is an oncologically safe procedure, Ann. Surg.,238:1, p120–1277. • [3]: Mokbel R, Mokbel K (2006), Is it safe to preserve the nipple areola complex during skin-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer?,Int J Fertil Women's Med., 51 :5, p230–232. • [4] : Sacchini V, Pinotti JA, Barros AC, et al.(2006), Nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and risk reduction: oncologic or technical problem?,J. Am. Coll. Surg.,203:5, p704–714. • [5]: Noguchi M, Sakuma H, Matsuba A, Kinoshita H, Miwa K, Miyazaki I (1983),Radicalmastectomy with intrapleural en bloc resection of internal mammary lymph node by sternal splitting,The Japanese journal of surgery,13:1, p6–15. • [6]:Neumayer LA, Mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/mastectomy/article_em.htm, [Last Accessed: 10/12/12 18:44]. • [7]:Figure 2: Mastectomy Images, Online Resource: http://images.emedicinehealth.com/images/4453/4453-54756-57444-62000.jpg, [Last Accessed: 10/12/12 18:49]. • [8]: Edwards HM(2004), Pantogen Surgical Script, Mastectomy. • [9]: Figure 1: Breast Cancer, Merck Manuals, Online Resource: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology_and_obstetrics/breast_disorders/breast_cancer.html, [Last Accessed: 18/12/12 17:23]. • [10]: Vitug AF, Newman LA (2007), Complications in Breast Surgery, SurgClin N Am., 87, p431–451. • [11]:Farrar WB, Fanning WJ (1988),Eliminating the dog-ear in modified radical mastectomy,Am J Surg., 156:5, p401–402. • [12]: Grunwald Z, Moore JH, Schwartz GF(2003), Bilateral brachial plexus palsy after a right-side modifiedradical mastectomy with immediateTRAM flap reconstruction,Breast J., 9:1, p.41–43. • [13]: Warner M, Blitt C, Butterworth J, et al. (2000), Practice advisory for the prevention of perioperativeperipheral neuropathies. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Task Forceon the prevention of perioperative peripheral neuropathies.Anesthesiology, 92, p.1168–1182. • [14]: Tabár L, Gad A, and Holmberg LH (1985), Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography,Lancet, 1:8433, p. 829–832. • [15]: Malata CM, McIntosh SA,Purushotham AD (2000), Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer,British Journal of Surgery, 87:11, p.1455–1472. • [16]:Arroyo JMG, López MLD (2011), Psychological Problems Derived from Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study, International Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2011. • [17]: Nerv J, Polivy J (1977), Psychological effects of mastectomy on a woman's feminine self-concept, Ment Dis.,164:2, p.77-87. • [18]: Vinh-Hung V, Verschraegen C, Breast Conserving Surgery Project (2004), Breast-Conserving Surgery With or Without Radiotherapy: Pooled-Analysis for Risks of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence and Mortality, JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst., 96:2, p. 115-121. • [19]:Zakireh J (2012), Evolving Role of Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Treatment, The Post-Graduate Course in General Surgery. • [20]: Carlson GW (2011), Technical Advances in Skin Sparing Mastectomy,International Journal of Surgical Oncology. [21]: Wood JE (1983), Subcutaneous mastectomy: current state of the art, Ann Plast Surg.,;11:6,p541-550. • [22]: Mastectomy And Breast Reconstruction Audit Report Published, Online Resource: Http://Www.Hqip.Org.Uk/Mastectomy-And-Breast-Reconstruction-Audit-Report-Published/, [Last Accessed: 10/12/12 13:45]. • [23:] Leak K, Spruce P, Johnson S (2009), Improving outcomes for patients following surgery for breast cancer, Wounds UK, 5:3. • [24]: Dorval M, Maunsell E, Deschenes L, Brisson J (1998), Type of Mastectomy and Quality of Life for Long Term Breast Carcinoma Survivors, American Cancer Society. • [25]: Figure 3: Nipple sparing mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.thesculpturedimage.com/mastectomy.php, [Last Accessed: 11/12/12 18:48]. • [26]: Figure 4: Mastectomy procedure example, Smartdraw, Online Resource: http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/view/mastectomy+procedure/, [Last Accessed: 11/12/12 18:34]. • [27]: Ray C (1977), Psychological implications of mastectomy, British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16:4, p.373-377. • [28]: Al-Ghazal SK, Fallowfield L, Blamey RW (2000),Comparison of psychological aspects and patient satisfaction following breast conserving surgery, simple mastectomy and breast reconstruction, European Journal of Cancer, 36:15, p.1938-1943. • [29]:Mastectomy picture, Online Resource: http://www.theharleystreetbreastclinic.co.uk/the-surgical-treatment-of-breast-cancer, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:37]. • [30]:Reconstruction, Online Resource: http://lulupanache.wordpress.com/category/bilateral-diep-reconstruction/page/2/, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:37]. • [31]:Eplasty, Online Resource: http://www.eplasty.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=463&catid=171:volume-10-eplasty-2010 ,[Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:38]. • [32]:Breast Mastectomy, Online Resource: http://www.vashishtsurgicalservices.co.uk/breast_cancer/patient_info/breast_mastectomy.htm, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:38]. • [33]: Double mastectomy surgery, Online Resource: http://24citinews.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/double-mastectomy-surgery.html, [Last Accessed: 12/12/12 18:39].