4. What is brickwork?
Brickwork is masonry produced by a
bricklayer, using bricks and mortar.
Typically, rows of bricks called courses
are laid on top of one another to build
up a structure such as a brick wall.
5. Types of Masonry
The masonry work is divided into 4
different categories:
• Brick masonry
• Stone Masonry
• Reinforced Masonry
• Composite Masonry
6. Types of Bricks
• Common Burnt Clay Bricks
• Fly ash Clay Bricks
• Concrete Bricks
• Engineering Bricks
• Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
• Other Brick Types include bullnose, channel, coping, cownose & hollow bricks.
7. Choosing Right Bricks For
Brickwork
• Bricks should be well burnt and of uniform size
,Colour & Edges.
• Striking two bricks together should produce a
metallic ringing sound.
• The surface should be hard enough to resist
scratches.
Size of good brick is :
19x9x9 cms
9x4x4 inches
8. • Bricks Should not break ,if dropped from 1 m height on Hard Ground.
• Bricks must be soaked in water for a minimum of 8 hours before use,
else it will absorb moisture from mortar.
• A Good brick shouldn’t absorb more than 20% moisture by weight. For example ,a brick
weighing 2 kg should not weigh more than 2.4
kg if kept immersed in water for 24 hours.
• After choosing right brick the next process is the brickwork. For
brickwork process different tools & equipment are required.
• Layout for brick work to be done before doing brickwork at any location. All bricks should
be placed upon on their bed .The depression on top provides space for the mortar to bond
well. Line-string(Line dori), plumb bob(Saahul),and spirit level should be used for alignment
,vertically ,and horizontally during brickwork.
9. • DPC(Damp Proof Course) of 100-150 mm work to be done with rich Cement concrete
mixed with waterproofing compound over brick layout before raising any brick work
further.
• All mortar joints should be 10mm Thick only in brickwork & All Horizontal & Vertical
Joints should be raked and properly finished with a trowel or float on both faces of the
brickwork.
• Concrete Coping (Patli) of M20 Grade with Minimum steel & Side Column anchorage to
be done after raising brickwok upto below heights as per thickness of Brickwork.
For 4”(100mm) Thick Brickwork – Coping At 800 mm
For 6”(150mm) Thick Brickwork – Coping At 1000 mm
For 8”/9”( 200/230mm) Thick Brickwork - Coping At 1200 mm
• Brickwork should be properly cured for at last 10 days.
10. Masonry joints
In masonry, mortar joints are the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass
blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout.
11. Recommended Mortar proportion for Brick works
• For 4” central partition wall 1:4 (1 part cement & 4 parts sand by volume)
• For 8”/9” exterior wall 1:6 (1 part cement and 6 parts sand by volume)
When you've laid a number of bricks, you need to check and adjust them. The four checks
are (in order):
• Gauge - use the gauge rod to make sure that the corner brick is the correct height.
• Level - use the spirit level to check that the row of bricks is horizontal. Don't try to level
each individual brick.
• Plumb - Use the plumb bob (Saahul) to make sure the wall is vertical.
• Straight - Use a straight edge horizontally along the face of the wall and adjust so that they
are all in line.
12. Gauge
When building any wall, it's necessary to keep the courses at the corners at the
same height. A gauge board is used to to this.
Mark out a piece of timber with marks corresponding to spacing of one brick
height plus the thickness of the bed joint (normally a total of 75cm).
Use the rod at the corner when each course is begun and check that it is at the
correct height, On uneven ground.
Level
Use a spirit level to keep the courses level. Remember that the corner bricks
have been set to the correct height, so any adjustment should be by bedding
down the bricks in from the corner. Bricks are not made to very tight tolerances,
so don't waste your time trying to get each brick exactly level, the point is to get
the parts of the bricks which touch the underside of the spirit level, level.
13. Plumb
Check that the wall face is vertical by using a spirit level, tap the brick across the wall as necessary to adjust
the brick as necessary. Do not try to do this to both sides of the wall, choose one side as 'the face' and just
plumb that side.
Do it along the wall, spacing the points approximately just under the length of the spirit level.
Check both sides of corners.
14. Straight
Straighten the course by using a straight edge between the points previous
plumbed. Tap the bricks as necessary.
Like plumbing the wall, only check the face of the wall, don't try to
straighten both sides
15. Striking and Pointing Brickwork
The difference between 'striking' and 'pointing' is that:
• Striking is finishing the mortar joints between newly laid bricks.
• Pointing is applying a small amount of mortar into the face joint between
bricks (either newly laid or in old brickwork).
Scope of pointing
• Maintaining the joints of the structures.
• Pointing being cheap can be adopted in places of low rainfall.
• Where the natural beauty of materials, viz., stone blocks, bricks etc. is
desired to be exhibited.
• Gives resisting power to the bricks and stones used in construction
towards weather conditions.
16. Proper Curing of Brickwork
Improper Brickwork at Vertical Joints
17. Good Practice for Brickwork with DPC, proper English Bond ,All Joints Raking & Date of Brickwork
20. Plastering
It is a process of covering rough surfaces of RCC, Brickwork,
stonework etc. with a cementitious mix to obtain an even,
smooth, regular,clean & durable surface.
Objective of plastering:
• To provide an even, smooth, regular, clean and durable finished
surface with improved appearance.
• To preserve and protect the brickwork surface.
• To cover up the use of inferior quality and porous materials of
the masonry work.
• To conceal defective workmanship.
Plastering Materials
21. Surface Preparation Before Plastering (External)
• All balance brick work to be completed with rich cement mortar of 1:4 with metal aggregate (10mm) with plastocrete
as per dosage. 10 days prior to starting of first coat plaster for every elevation. Hacking on all Beams & Columns to be
done properly.
• Double scaffolding of MS-H frame or Cup lock system/Bamboo to be used without making supporting holes in walls.
All Perpendicular supports will be at least 150mm Away from Wall face.
• Half bag portable mixer to be used at site for mixing cement mortar used for external plastering.
• All balance shuttering pieces, nail, binding wire, cement slurry etc. to be removed before first coat plaster.
• Total Thickness of plaster Should not be More than 25mm in 2 Coats. Cement mortar of 1:6 proportion will be used
for first coat plaster with thickness of 12-15mm & Cement mortar of 1:4 proportion will be used for second coat
plaster with thickness of 8-10mm.
• Plastering to be done in line not in Plumb for all structures having height more than 8 meters .Date of first coat
plaster to be put on surface after first coat completion.
• Regular curing for continuous 7 days to be done for first coat then only second coat can be started.
• First coat plastering surface will be made rough, with jali or wire brush.
• Check list for 1st & 2nd coat will be made separately for every elevation. Register to be maintained for every
elevation.
22. • Cube of sizes 50x50mm to be casted during 1st & 2nd coat plaster both to check the mortar strength after 7 days &
28 Days.
• Poly Propylene fibers of 12mm size for 1st Coat & 6mm Size for 2nd Coat to be mixed as per the dosage in cement
mortar.
• Above Terrace Level plaster to be ended above parapet Wall coping with inside slope & 100mm Below to Parapet
wall.
• Scaffolding will be removed slowly, without damaging corners, moldings, dhars etc. care to be taken.
23. Surface Preparation Before Plastering (Internal)
1)
All balance brick work to be completed with rich cement mortar of 1:4 with metal aggregate (10mm) with plasto
crete as per dosage. Hacking on all Beams & Columns to be done properly. 1 day prior to starting of internal plaster,
all plastering Surfaces should be wetted for proper bonding.
2)
Half bag portable mixer to be used at site for mixing cement mortar used for internal plastering. Proper lighting
arrangements will be done before starting plaster in Dark areas.
3)
All Electrical/plumbing conduiting to be completed with JARI filling using Chicken Mesh & Cement mortar at all
required locations. All balance shuttering pieces,nails,binding wire,cement slurry etc to be removed before
plastering.
4)
Level pads should be fixed at 1m C/c in grid wise to ensure uniform plaster thickness at all surfaces 3 days prior to
starting plastering. For internal walls,Total Thickness of plaster Should not be More than 12-15mm for all internal
plastering work . For Ceiling plaster thickness should not be more than 6-8mm.Cement mortar of 1:4 proportion will
be used for all internal plasters.
5)
All Electrical concealed switch boxes /plumbing fixtures /Granite/Marble Sills to be covered with Thermocol/Masking
Tape to avoid damage to fixtures /stones finish. Plastering to be done in Plumb for all surfaces with vertical &
diagonal checks. Date of plaster to be put on surface after completion.
6) Regular curing for continuous 7 days to be done for all surfaces.
7)
Check list for every plastering activity to be made to monitor Quality. Register to be maintained flat wise /Lobby
wise/structure wise .
8) Cube of sizes 50x50mm to be casted during plaster to check the mortar strength after 7 days & 28 Days.
26. Defects in Plaster work
• Blistering of Plastered Surface.
• Cracks in Plastering.
• Efflorescence on Plastered Surface.
• Flaking.
• Peeling.
• Popping.
• Uneven Plaster Surface.
• Softness of the Plaster.
27. External Plastering with Bamboo Scaffolding External Plastering with Grooves
Compound Wall Plastering Internal Double height plastering
28. Internal/External Plastering Preparation with Chicken Mesh
Fixing at Rcc Copings
Internal/External Plastering Preperation with Chicken Mesh
Fixing at Brick & RCC Joints
