Agricultural Crop production

1. APPLYING SAFETY
MEASURES IN FARM
OPERATIONS
DETERMINE AREAS OF CONCERN FOR
SAFETY MEASURES

2. Write true if the statement is correct and false if the statement
is wrong. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. To reduce the risk of tractor accidents, the farm worker
must be familiar with operator`s manual.
2. First harrowing is at 4 days before transplanting.
3. Keep the machine and supply of fuel in locked storage and
remove the ignition key.
4. To reduce fire hazards, clean the machine thoroughly
before storage.
5. Do not clean your disc harrow after use.

3. OBJECTIVES
•Identify work tasks in line with farm
operations.
•Determine place and time for safety
measures in line with farm operations.
•Prepare appropriate tools, materials, and
outfits in line with job requirements

4. WHAT IS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS?
•Agricultural workers maintain crops and
tend to livestock. They perform physical
labor and operate machinery under the
supervision of farmers, ranchers, and other
agricultural managers.

5. DUTIES OF AN AGRICULTURAL WORKER
•Inspect and harvest crop by hand.
•Irrigate farm soil and maintain ditches or pipes
and pumps.
•Operate and service farm machinery and tools
•Spray fertilizer or pesticide solutions to control
insects, fungi, and weeds.
•Move shrubs, plants, and trees with wheelbarrows
or tractors.

6. •Feed livestock and clean and disinfect their pens, cages,
yards, and hutches.
•Examine animals to detect symptoms of illnesses or
injuries and administer vaccines to protect animals from
diseases.
•Use brands, tags, or tattoos to mark livestock in order to
identify ownership and grade.
•Herd livestock to pastures for grazing or to scales, trucks,
or other enclosures.
•Keep records on the production, maintenance and repair.

7. CROP
, NURSERY, AND GREENHOUSE FARM
WORKERS AND LABORERS
• perform numerous tasks related to growing and
harvesting grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and other
crops.
a. They plant, seed, prune, irrigate, and harvest crops, and
pack and load them for shipment.
b. Farm workers also apply pesticides, herbicides, and
fertilizers to crops.
c. They repair fences and some farm equipment.

8. AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
• use a variety of farm equipment to plow and sow seeds, as
well as maintain and harvest crops.
a. They may use tractors, fertilizer spreaders, balers, combines,
threshers, and trucks.
b. These workers also operate machines such as conveyor
belts, loading machines, separators, cleaners, and dryers.
c. Workers may make adjustments and minor repairs to
equipment.

9. DIFFERENT FARM ACTIVITY
1. Land preparation-
covers a wide range of practices form zero-tillage or
minimum tillage which maximizes soil disturbances. It
typically involves plowing to till or dig-up, mix, and
overturn the soil, harrowing to break the soil clods
into smaller mass and incorporate plant residue and
leveling the field.

10. 2. Planting-
are practiced in crop farming. Planting may be
done by hand or on some sites by machine.
2 two methods of planting
•direct planting
• indirect planting.

11. 3. Irrigation-
•helps to grow agricultural crops,
maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed
soils in dry areas and during periods of less than
average rainfall. The goal is to apply the water to
the plants as uniformly as possible, so that each
plant has the amount of water it needs, neither
much nor too little.

12. 4. Fertilizer application-
is carried out in such a way to replenish the soil
nutrient levels removed during the growth and to
optimally maintain physiological health of the
plant. Farmer apply fertilizer either directly onto
plant or to the soil.

13. 5. Harvesting-
is the act of removing a crop from where it was
growing and moving it to a more secure location
for processing, consumption, or storage. Before
the crop can be harvested, the grower must be
sure that there is a demand for the crop and that
the price is sufficient to make harvesting the crop
profitable.

14. HAZARD, RISK AND EXPOSURE IN THE FARM
• Hazard is the potential for harm, or adverse effect on an
employee’s heath. Anything which may cause injury or ill
health anyone at or near a workplace is a hazard.
• Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill
health to anyone at or near a workplace. Risk level increases
with the severity of the hazard duration and frequency of
exposure.
• Exposure occurs when a person comes into contact with a
hazard.

15. TYPES OF HAZARD
•Physical Hazard-
includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps,
ladders, fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces,
manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling),
excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration,
heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting,
ventilation, air quality.

16. •Chemical Hazard-
includes chemical substances such as acid or
poisons and those that could lead fire or
explosion, like pesticides, herbicides, cleaning
agents, dusts and fumes from various processes
such as welding

17. •Psychosocial environment - includes workplace
stressors arising from a variety of sources.
•Biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mold,
mildew, insects, vermin, animals
•Mechanical and/or electrical - includes
electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, forklifts, cranes,

18. •Ergonomic hazards
are a result of physical factors that can result
in musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a
poor workstation setup in an office, poor
posture and manual handling.

19. FARM EMERGENCY PROCEDURES REGARDING
SAFETY WORKING ENVIRONMENT
1. Identify the potential emergencies. The emergencies that
may occur on a crop production farm could include fire,
flood, typhoon, machinery entrapment, electrical shock, snake
or spider bite, chemical exposure, farm injuries, farm illness
and farm accidents.
2. Provide emergency facilities appropriate for the sorts of
emergencies that might occur on the farm (e.g. deluge
showers, eye washes, fire fighting equipment, first aid kits).

20. 3. Make sure that the correct equipment is available
to contain and handle any chemical or other
dangerous materials spills that might happen.
4. Visitors need to be aware regarding emergency
procedure and their responsibilities to minimize the
risk of personal injury in the event of emergency.
5. Instruct everyone working on the farm in the
emergency response procedures.

21. 6. Everyone should know the location of fire alarms,
fire extinguishers and first aid kits; how and where
to contact emergency services; and where to safely
assemble in the event of an emergency.
7. Know the emergency services; and where to
safely assemble in the event of an emergency.

22. HIGH RISK FACTOR
1. Age-injury rate are highest among those 15 and
younger and adults over 65 years old. Because no
mandatory retirement age exists for farmers, many
continue to perform some tasks even though they are
unable to execute them safely.
•One in nine farmers aged 65 and older have been
involved in a tractor rollover.
•Those aged 65 and older account for half of all
farming deaths

23. 2. Lack of medical care- since most of the
farmers live in the rural area, hospitals and EMS
are often a far distance away from the farm.
Response time could be upwards of an hour
before the injured receives medical care.

24. 3. Machinery
• The most commonly utilized pieces of
equipment around the farm are tractors, trucks,
wagons, mowers, spreaders, grinders, blowers,
augers, shredders, balers, rakes and combines.
matter how different they are if they used
improperly and carelessly it can be fatal.

25. FARM WORKS THAT INVOLVE USING CHEMICALS
AND HAZARDOUS TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. LAND PREPARATIONS USING TRACTOR
•Victims fall off or are thrown from the tractor
•Run over by either the tractor or an implement
being towed, or both.
•Overturn

26. Safety reminders:
•Tractors are not passenger vehicles.
•Use seat belts when driving tractors.
•ROPS will protect the operator from serious
injuries.
Causes of run over accidents
•Sudden stops
•Driving over holes, stumps and debris, or a sharp
turn

27. HOW TO PREVENT RUNOVER?
•Never allow riders on tractors.
•Discuss with family members and farm workers the
potential risks of riding tractor.
•It's also helpful to post 'no riders' decals on all tractors
to remind others about the policy.
•Use or provide other vehicles that allow passengers,
such as trucks or cars, when transportation is needed
to fields or remote work sites.

28. 2. SPRAYING CHEMICALS
•These chemicals are used to fertilize and control
pests such as insects, weeds, mollusk, etc.
Examples of chemical hazards:
•Spraying in a strong wind and the spray drifting
over a dam or the farm house.
•Washing spray equipment and the water running
into open drains, collecting in puddles, or running

29. •Washing spray equipment and the water running
into open drains, collecting in puddles, or running
into stockyards or dams.
•Containers or chemicals left lying around. Empty
containers lying in a heap

30. SOME WAYS YOU CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF
HAZARDS FROM CHEMICALS ARE:
• Use personal protective equipment such as respirators,
waterproof clothes, rubber gloves and waterproof
footwear.
• Make sure chemicals are safely stored and cupboards
locked.
• Never spray chemicals on days when there is a high wind.
• Know first aid procedures.
• Keep a list of all hazardous substances used on the farm.

31. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
•can reduce the number and severity of farm work
related injuries and illnesses. Personal protective
equipment not only helps protect people but also
improves productivity and profits. Farmers and
ranchers can share in these benefits by using the
appropriate protective equipment for themselves,
family members and employees when the job and its
potential hazards call for it.

32. LIST OF FARM PPE:
Helmet/hard hat
-protect your head with a hard hat when
performing construction work, trimming trees,
repairing machinery, and doing other jobs with
head injury risks.
•Use a sun safety hat (one with a wide brim and
neck protection) to assist in the prevention of skin
cancer.

33. Goggle
•- Protect your vision with appropriate safety eyewear
(safety glasses, goggles, face-shields) when applying
pesticides, fertilizers, working in the shop, or in heavy
dust conditions.
Earmuffs/Plugs
- protect you hearing when operating noisy
such as grain dryers, feed grinder, old tractors and
chainsaws.

34. Mask/ respirators
-protect your lungs with the correct respiratory
equipment when working in dusty or moldy
conditions, spray painting, applying chemicals
manure storage places.

35. ACTIVITY 1
You are going to identify the different farm
operation activity. Determine the time and place
where accident takes place and determine also
the safety measure to control a workplace
hazard.

36. Farm operation activity Safety measures

37. ACTIVITY 2
•In this activity you are going to identify which
individual wearing a proper use of PPE in
applying pesticides. Assess the images and tell
if there is a difference and list down the
different PPE you’ve seen in the picture.

38. Picture 1 Picture 2