Marketing mix
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This document discusses various aspects of product packaging, branding, pricing, distribution, and promotion. It outlines factors that influence product packaging design like utility, attractiveness, and safety. It also defines what a brand represents including image, quality, personality. The document then covers different pricing policies, terms of credit, delivery terms. Finally, it lists various promotional techniques used like advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, trade fairs and public relations.
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This document discusses product and brand strategy. It defines what a product is and different types of products. It also covers product classifications, product mixes, and decisions around product lines. The document then defines what a brand is and discusses brand identity, building brand loyalty, brand equity, and challenges in branding. It concludes by covering packaging and labeling as marketing tools.
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Branding and packaging
This document discusses branding and packaging strategies. It defines branding as names, logos, or symbols that distinguish a product. Branding provides identification, practicality, guarantees, and self-image for consumers. Packaging protects products, offers convenience, prevents waste, and promotes products. Selecting brand names and packaging considers ease of use, benefits, uses, differentiation, and compatibility. Strategies sustain growth through quality, features, models, distribution, and pricing.
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Quality management
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quality management
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a degree or level of excellence
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service quality
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principles of tqm
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costs of quality
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the cost of poor qualit
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Ppiiiii
This document discusses product liability, which refers to the legal liability of manufacturers or sellers to compensate buyers for damages caused by defective goods. There are three types of product defects: manufacturing defects, design defects, and failure to warn defects. The legal liability for defective products can be criminal or civil in nature. Criminal liability is enforced by the state government while civil liability involves compensation payable under law for damage, injury, or death caused to an aggrieved party. Product liability insurance covers legal costs and compensation payments an insured becomes legally obligated to pay due to defective products.
Features and functions of statitics
This document provides an introduction to statistics, describing its nature and subject matter. It discusses two types of statistics: descriptive statistics, which describes and summarizes sample characteristics, and inferential statistics, which infers something about the population from the sample. Some key features of statistics mentioned are that it aggregates facts numerically expressed and affected by multiple causes, while functions of statistics include expressing facts numerically, simple presentation, comparison of facts, and helping formulate and test hypotheses.
Price
The document discusses various factors and strategies involved in price determination and pricing policies. It covers objectives of pricing, factors affecting pricing like costs, demand, competition and regulations. It then describes different pricing strategies such as cost-based pricing, target return pricing, competition-based pricing, demand-based pricing, product line pricing, bundle pricing, promotional pricing, geographical pricing etc. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like determining price based on costs and desired returns. Marginal cost pricing is also explained along with perceived value pricing and competition-based pricing methods.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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Marketing mix
- 1. Prepared by : Bhupinder Kaur Department : commerce College : s.d.college ambala cantt
- 4. Product line and product range
- 6. Enhance utility Attractiveness Ease of operation Safety and appeal Increase sales volume Provides advertising Selling features permit higher prices
- 7. Protects product Easy handling Increases economy and communication Preserve freshness and flavour
- 8. Quality standards are based on : colour texture Flavour weight Finish Appearance Size Shape moisture
- 9. Descriptive Informative Grade designating Products identify : ingredients Quantity Quality Other characteristics
- 10. A brand is a symbol, a mark, a name, a communication which brings about an identity of a given product. A brand is a product : image A quality A value A personality
- 11. Installation Guarantees Warrantees Service Repairing
- 13. Free on board : buyers pay the transport cost from the point of shipment. Delivered policy : sellers pay all the shipping cost. Freight allowances: both buyers and sellers pay shipping cost
- 14. Averaged transportation cost: buyers pay uniform charge on all the shipments regardless of their location. Basing point policy : buyers pays a base price plus a set shipping price depending upon the distance.
- 15. • Crete time utility • Storage involves four functions : 1. distributing the goods namely, 2. Receiving 3. Actual receiving 4. Checking the unloaded incoming goods
- 16. Determining the variety of : Products Models Sizes Types Colours
- 19. The pricing policies and strategies The terms of credit Terms of delivery Margin Resale price maintenance
- 22. Advertising Personal selling Sales promotion Trade fairs and exhibition Public relation