The document discusses marine cartography as a management tool. It describes oceanographic research vessels and their characteristics. The purpose of the project is to map the Spanish slope and continental shelf through bathymetric mapping, seismic studies, and seabed sampling to acquire detailed information. Indirect data acquisition methods include multibeam echosounders and parametric sub-bottom profilers. Direct methods include ROVs, underwater cameras, box corers, and dredges. Collected data is incorporated into a GIS for analysis and to generate information layers, maps, and models for research and engineering applications.

1. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL

2. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OF THE GENERAL
SECRETARIAT OF THE SEA

3. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
VIZCONDE DE EZA
Characteristics
Overall Length 53 meters
Breadth 13 meters
7,55 meters
freeboard deck pillar
1.800
Power
horsepower
Moulded draught 4,5 meters
Tonnage 1.400 GT’s
Speed at 100% power 13 knots

4. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
EMMA BARDÁN
Characteristics
Overall Length 29 meters
Breadth 7,5 meters
freeboard deck pillar 3,9 meters
900
Power
horsepower
Moulded draught 2,6 meters
Tonnage 200 GT’s
Speed at 100% power 12 knots

5. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
MIGUEL OLIVER
Characteristics
Overall Length 70 meters
Breadth 14,4 meters
freeboard deck pillar 5,8 meters
2720
Power
horsepower
Moulded draught 5,5 meters
Tonnage 2495 GT’s
Speed at 100% power 14 knots

6. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT:
The aim of the project for the study of the Spanish
Slope and the Continental Shelf is the detailed
mapping, along with combined seismic studies and
the sampling of the seabed, in order to acquire
systematic and detailed information about
bathymetry, bottom quality, morphology and
bionomics of the continental shelf and slope.

7. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
METHODOLOGY:
The systematic investigation of the characteristics of the seabed
requires the use of indirect methods of data acquisition, such as
Multibeam Echosounder and Parametric Sub Bottom Profiler, as
well as sampling survey and direct observations of the bottom
of the sea.

8. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
INDIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER
This kind of echosounder provides information about bathymetry (depth) and reflectivity of the
bottom, which will allow to identify the different composition of the bottom. This is a high-
resolution system that calculates the depth by transmitting acoustic pulses.
The multibeam echosounder emits multiple beams of acoustic pulses that enables to scan the
bottom of the sea in the navigation direction, ensuring 100% coverage of the survey area. The
swept area increases with depth.

9. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
INDIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
PARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILER
The Parametric Sub Bottom Profiler makes possible to see the subsurface structure and
to know the composition and distribution of the different materials of the seabed.

10. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
PARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILER
Since the parametric acoustic signal is transmitted with low frequency, is able to
penetrate the bottom, and outline with high resolution the surface structure, giving
information about the distribution of geologic features existing in the seabed.
ANCINET REEFS GENERATED
BY SILICA SPONGES IN ICE
AGE
submarine channel
TRACES OF GAS LEAK

11. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
DIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
ROV (Remote Operated Vehicle)
The ROV is an underwater robot connected
to the vessel by a cable that transmites
energy and orders.
Through the cable are also transmitted
images from the ROV camera.
Up to 450 m depth

12. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
DIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
Underwater Camera
Gorgonians, sponges and brittle stars
Up to 2.000 m depth

13. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
DIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
Towed video camera
Underwater video transects with towed
underwater video camera are used for the
biological characterization. The images
are displayed instantly on board and are
videotaped. Posidonia Oceanica meadows. Underwater
video image. Region of Murcia

14. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
DIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION
Dredges
soft and
semiconsolidated Rock samples
sediment column sediments
The use of dredges enables to obtain bottom samples, which allows to obtain
data of the seabed through physical contact with it. Depending on the kind of
bottom, a different dredge is used. The sample is representative of the
environment surrounding the sampling point.

15. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
These dredges are formed by a rectangular
metal frame attached to a net. While navigating
by dragging on the seabed, the metal mouth
shatters rock fragments that are deposited inside
the net and then collected on the surface to raise
the dredge.

16. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
The Box Corer is used to take samples of soft or semiconsolidated sediments and
is activated by collision with the bottom in a fast fall. At the moment of the
impact, a lid is pulled in a way that locks the box so it collects the sediment that
is trapped under the dredge.

17. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
The dredger Shipeck, is a heavy rigid object activated by collision with the bottom
in a fast fall. At the moment of the impact, a cup is placed upside down on the
surface, with the open side directed to the bottom, and suddenly turning in a way
that collects the sediment that is under the dredge.

18. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
After the treatment and processing of all the information collected on
the oceanographic research surveys, the data are incorporated into a
Geographic Information System (GIS), which integrates, stores, edits, analyzes
and displays all the geographically referenced information.
Information layers are
generated from the
information stored in GIS:
bathymetry, reflectivity, terrain
shading, slope,
geomorphology, seabed kind
and bionomics.
Sombreado del terreno
Batimetría
Geomorfología
Pendientes
Reflectividad

19. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
With this information is possible to generate digital terrain models and
thematic maps of the seabed kind, bathymetry, seagrass distribution and
uses of the marine environment, providing valuable information for
application both in research and in engineering works.

20. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
The information obtained is vital for the sustainable management of the
resources:
Protected areas of lay and nursery
Delimitation of Marine Reserves
Beach regeneration
Identification of marine habitats

21. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
ESRI Technology
• The ESRI technology help us to make the most of the results of our work in an efficiently way.
• When we organize a new oceanographic´s work, we use the ArcGIS tools to evaluate the number
of days that we will work and to determinate which areas will be studied. For this work we use
some ArcGIS online base maps, like the Oceans map or Imagery map. These base maps are very
important to fix a geographic context to our work.
• We can store our data in a geodatabase with their own georeferencing systems and then work
with them on ArcMap.
• With ArcMap we can create cartographic map series, thematic cartography and with the 3D
Analyst and Spatial Analyst extensions we can elaborate digital elevation models, hillshades and
slope models. We can also create and edit new feature classes that include new elaborated data.
• With ArcGlobe we can build 3D scenes to show the resulting information in a spectacular way.
• The ArcGIS data formats are almost a standard, so we can share our scientific knowledge with
different entities and agencies.

22. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
RESULTS
Bionomics
Posidonia Oceanica meadows
Posidonia oceanica
Cymodocea nodosa Anthropic: dredgings

23. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
RESULTADOS
Interpretation of the morphology of the seabed
Fault
Seabed map
Red:Shallow (140 m)
Blue: Deep (1500)
underwater channel meander

24. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
RESULTADOS
Interpretación de la morfología del fondo
Submarine canyons
location of wrecks

25. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
RESULTS Cartography
Banco de la Concepción
Digital Terrain Model

26. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
Cartography
RESULTS
Mussel Raft
Pontevedra
Islas Atlánticas
Mussel Raft
Ría de Vigo

27. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
RESULTS Cartography
Continuous digital model of
the Mediterranean Southeast

28. MARINE CARTOGRAPHY
UNDERWATER FLYING