Arc welding is a group of processes that join metal pieces by generating heat from an electric arc, which can be performed with or without filler metal. Various methods include carbon arc, shielded metal, submerged arc, TIG, MIG, electroslag, electrogas, plasma arc, arc spot, and stud arc welding, each having specific applications and materials suitable for welding. This technology is widely used in industries like construction, automotive, shipbuilding, and manufacturing due to its efficiency and versatility.

1. Subject:Manufacturing Processes
Topic:Arc Welding

2. Arc Welding
• Arc welding is a group of welding processes
wherein coalescence is produced by heating with
an electrical arc.
• The fusing of two or more pieces of metal
together by using the heat produced from an
electric arc welding machine.
• It is used without the application of pressure and
with or without the use of filler metal depending
upon the base plate thickness.

3. How an arc is formed?
• The arc is like a flame of
intense heat that is
generated as the electrical
current passes through a
highly resistant air gap.

4. Arc Welding Processes
• Various Arc Welding Processes:
1.Carbon Arc Welding
2.Shilded Metal Arc Welding
3.Submerged Arc welding
4.TIG Welding
5.MIG Welding
6.Electroslag Welding
7.Electrogas Welding
8.Plasma Arc Welding
9.Arc Spot Welding
10.Stud Arc Welding

5. 1.Carbon Arc Welding
• This welding is produced by
heating the workpiece with an
electric arc struck between a
carbon electrode and the
workpiece.
• Various joints which can be
carbon arc welded are
lap,butt,flange,corner and
bevel.
• It can be used for welding
steel,aluminium,nickel, copper,
etc.

6. 2.Shilded Metal Arc Welding
• This welding is produced by heating
the workpiece with an electric arc set
up between a flux coated electrode and
the workpiece.
• The flux coating melts from the
electrode, produces a gaseous shield
slag to prevent atmospheric
contamination of the molten weld
metal.
• It is simple,easy and cost is fairly low.
• It is used in tan,boiler,ship
building,pipe joining,building
constructions, etc.

7. 3.Submerged Arc welding
• This welding is produced by heating
electric arc setup between a bare metal
electrode and the job.
• In this welding granular or copper
coated electrode is used.
• This welding is carried out without
sparks,smoke,flash or spatter.
• It is used in fabrication of
pipes,shructural shapes, rail
road,cranes,automotive,nuclear power
welding etc.
• It can weld metals like mild steel,alloy
steels.

8. 4.TIG Welding(Tungsten Inert Gas)
• This welding is produced by heating the job with
an electric arc struck between the tungsten
electrode and the job.
• A shielding gas is used to avoid atmospheric
contamination of the molten weld pool.
• In this method mainly two rods are used: filler rod
and tungsten electrode.
• The welding torch and the filler metal are
generally kept inclined at angle of 70-80 degree.

9. 4.TIG Welding(Tungsten Inert Gas)
• It is suitable for high quality
welding of thin materials.
• It is used for weld
aluminium,magnesium, copper
nickel,carbon,stainless
steel,titanium,etc.
• Used for precision welding in
atomic energy, aircrft, chemical
and instrument industry.

10. 5.MIG Welding(Metal Inert Gas)
• This welding is produced by heating the job with
an electric arc between a continuously fed metal
electrode and the job.
• The arc and the molten metal are shielded by an
inert gas like, argon,helium,carbon dioxide.
• Torch is moved along the joint in a steady manner
and torch angle is about 70 degree.
• Thick and thin both types of workpieces can be
welded effectively.

11. 5.MIG Welding(Metal Inert Gas)
• It can weld
carbon,aluminium,magnesiu
m,nickel, and their
alloys,titanium etc.
• Used for manufacture of
refrigerator parts.
• MIG is mainly used in
industries like,
aircraft,automobile,pressure
vessel and ship building.

12. 6.Electroslag Welding
• This welding is produced by molten
slag which melts the filler metal and
the surface of the work to be
welded.
• The temperature of molten slag is
16500 C.
• Heavy plates,forging and castings
can be butt welded
• It can also weld low-mudium carbon
steel,high strength structural steel,
etc.

13. 7.Electrogas Welding
• Heat required for welding is obtained
by maintaining continuous electric arc
between the electrode and the molten
weld pool during welding.
• An inert gas shields the molten weld
pool from oxidation.
• Used for joining thick plates in vertical
position.
• Used for ships,bridges,offshore drilling
rigs,etc.

14. 8.Plasma Arc Welding
• Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process
similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric
arc is formed between an electrode and the workpiece.
The key difference from GTAW is that in PAW, by
positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the
plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas
envelope.
• The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper
nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exits
the orifice at high velocities (approaching the speed of
sound) and a temperature approaching 28,000 °C
(50,000 °F) or higher.
• Arc plasma is the temporary state of a gas.

15. 8.Plasma Arc Welding
• It is either transferred arc or
non transferred arc typed. It is
hand operated or mechanized.
At present, almost all
applications require
automated system. The torch
is water cooled to increase the
life of the nozzle and the
electrode.

16. 9.Arc Spot Welding
• This welding is produced
between two surfaces is obtained
with the help of a spot formed
by heating with an electric arc
setup between a tungsten
electrode and one of the two
costly fit surfaces.
• Used in automobile industries,
fabrication of sheet
metal,fabrication of pulleys.

17. 10.Stud Arc Welding
• This welding is produced by
heating with an electric arc drawn
between a metal stud,bolt,rivet or
a similar part and the base metal.
• It is simple,efficient,economical
and very fast method.
• It is used to weld ferrous and non-
ferrous metals.
• Used for fabrication industry,rail
road,farm and military
equipments.