solar-power-stirling-engine-767-X9n3i00.ppt
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The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. It works by using the expansion and compression of a gas or fluid to convert heat into mechanical energy. The engine has two pistons - a power piston and displacer - that move due to pressure changes from heating and cooling the gas. Heat is applied to one side to expand the gas, pushing the piston, then it cools and contracts on the other side. Its advantages include using various heat sources, being environmentally friendly, and operating safely at low pressures. Applications include power generation, cooling, heating, and marine uses.
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The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. It uses a closed cycle with alternating compression and expansion of air or other gas to convert heat into mechanical work. The engine consists of a power piston, displacer piston, and regenerator. Heat is applied to one side and removed from the other, causing pressure changes that drive the pistons. It can run on various heat sources and is safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly compared to steam engines. Applications include power generation, pumps, refrigeration, and more.
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The document discusses various applications of Stirling engines including:
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2) Electrical power generation through solar power, nuclear power, and combined heat and power systems. Stirling engines can efficiently convert solar energy.
3) Heating and cooling applications including pumps, refrigeration, and cryocoolers which can reach temperatures as low as 40-60K. Stirling engines have potential future uses in solar power generation, heating/cooling, and defense applications.
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The document summarizes Stirling and Ericsson cycles and their applications. It discusses that a Stirling engine converts heat energy to mechanical power using a fixed quantity of working fluid and external combustion. The ideal Stirling cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes. Applications mentioned include using solar Stirling engines for pumping water in rural areas and recovering low-grade waste heat. The Ericsson cycle also consists of two isothermal and two constant pressure processes. Both cycles are applied in engines with Stirling engines having advantages like ability to use various heat sources but also disadvantages like high costs.
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2. There are two main types - open cycle plants which exhaust combustion gases directly to the atmosphere, and closed cycle plants which recirculate working gases to improve efficiency.
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- 2. HISTORY Robert Stirling invented stirling engine in the year 1816. Thought to replace the steam turbines of his days due to frequent explosion caused by unsustainable high pressure killing and injuring workers. Stirling engine could not explode and produce more power than the steam engine used.
- 3. WHAT IS STIRLING ENGINE ? Device that converts heat energy to mechanical power by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of working fluid at different temperatures.
- 4. MAIN COMPONENTS Power piston – small tightly sealed piston that moves up when the gas inside the engine expands Displacer – larger piston and it is very loose in its cylinder so air can move easily between the heated cooled sections of the engine as the displacer moves up and down These piston move by the action of compression and expansion. Difference in pressure causes the piston to move and produce power.
- 6. WORKING PRINCIPLE I. One side of the engine is continuously heated while the other side is continuously cooled. II. First, the air moves to the hot side, where it is heated and it expands pushing up on a piston. III. Then the air moves through the regenerator to the cold side, where it cools off and contracts pulling down on the piston. IV. Temperature change inside the engine produces the pressure change needed to push on the piston and make the engine run.
- 7. EFFICIENCY Theoretically Stirling engine efficiency = Carnot efficiency Unfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal this causes the efficiency to be lower than Carnot efficiency.
- 8. ADVANTAGES Various heat sources (solar, geothermal, nuclear energy, waste heat, biological) Environmental friendly Heat is external and the burning of a fuel-air mixture can be more accurately controlled. Operates at relatively low pressure and thus are much safer than typical steam turbines Less manpower needed to operate any type of commercial Stirling engine.
- 9. APPLICATIONS Water pump stations Combined heat and power plant Solar power generation Stirling cyrocoolers Heat pump Marine engines Nuclear power Aircraft engines Micro CHP
- 10. STIRLING CYROCOOLERS It is mainly used in heavy ships for high heat production NUCLEAR POWER Replacing the steam turbines of the nuclear power plant with Stirling engine might simplify the plant, yield greater efficiency, and reduce the radioactivity by products.
- 11. CONCLUSION Unlimited source of heat source Political awareness of green heat and power production. Large market experiencing rapid growth. Many different possible applications. Time to change.