The document discusses several key concepts related to political ideologies and theories:
1. It defines Marxism as a socioeconomic and political ideology based on the theories of Karl Marx that analyzes the development of capitalism and class struggle.
2. It outlines the three phases Marx described for achieving a classless, stateless utopian society: revolution, dictatorship, and utopia.
3. It lists some key tenets of Marxism including a central banking system, government control of education, labor, transportation, communication, agriculture, and factories, and the abolition of private property.
This section protects people's right against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants issued only upon a determination of probable cause by a judge based on sworn testimony. It aims to prevent arbitrary governmental intrusion into people's privacy.
Political science is the study of systems of government and political behavior. Understanding political science is important because it educates citizens about their role in the political process and encourages participation, which can help improve quality of life. The three branches of government on Guam are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch implements laws, the legislative branch creates laws, and the judicial branch settles legal disputes.
Power can be defined as the ability to carry out one's will and exercise control over others. There are different forms and sources of power, including coercive power through threats or force, reward power by providing benefits, expert power based on knowledge/skills, legitimate power from one's position or role, and referent power from personality and attracting followers. Governments derive political power from the sovereignty of the people, and legitimacy comes from laws, customs, and traditions accepted by society. A government exercises power through tools like police power, eminent domain, taxation, military capabilities, economic influence, and psychological means. Citizenship is tied to power, as citizens enjoy rights that allow them to participate in democracy and exercise power, along with
The document discusses the Philippine government and constitution. It covers the following key points:
1. It outlines the basic concepts of political science and the study of the state and government. It also discusses the scope and functions of political science.
2. It describes the basic concepts of the state, including the elements of the state, theories on the origin of the state, and the inherent powers of the state.
3. It discusses the Philippine government throughout history, including the pre-Spanish, Spanish colonial, revolutionary, American, Japanese occupation, and provisional periods. It examines the different forms of government that existed during these times.
4. It analyzes the key concepts and parts of the constitution,
Political Science is the study of how power is achieved, shared and used in governance and global relations. It examines concepts like the state, government, politics, and authority. The discipline aims to understand principles of public affairs and help address social issues.
In politics, a regime (also known as "régime", from the original French spelling) is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.
The document discusses the key concepts and areas of study in linguistics and political science. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language, including morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. It also discusses the goals of linguistics in understanding how language works. For political science, it notes that it is the study of systems of government and political behavior. It discusses key political concepts like politics, governance, and sovereignty. It also outlines different types of governments such as democracy, dictatorship, and monarchy.
Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority within a territory. It is embodied in the state as the political institution. Sovereignty implies having supreme and unlimited power without being accountable to any external entity. There are different types and aspects of sovereignty including internal sovereignty over citizens and external sovereignty implying independence from foreign control. John Austin's theory defines sovereignty as a determinate human superior who receives habitual obedience from the bulk of society and is not in the habit of obedience to another like superior. Power refers to the ability to influence or control others and can take different forms like reward, coercive, expert and referent power. Authority is power that is seen as legitimate by both the ruler and the ruled, and can be rational-
This section protects people's right against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants issued only upon a determination of probable cause by a judge based on sworn testimony. It aims to prevent arbitrary governmental intrusion into people's privacy.
Political science is the study of systems of government and political behavior. Understanding political science is important because it educates citizens about their role in the political process and encourages participation, which can help improve quality of life. The three branches of government on Guam are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch implements laws, the legislative branch creates laws, and the judicial branch settles legal disputes.
Power can be defined as the ability to carry out one's will and exercise control over others. There are different forms and sources of power, including coercive power through threats or force, reward power by providing benefits, expert power based on knowledge/skills, legitimate power from one's position or role, and referent power from personality and attracting followers. Governments derive political power from the sovereignty of the people, and legitimacy comes from laws, customs, and traditions accepted by society. A government exercises power through tools like police power, eminent domain, taxation, military capabilities, economic influence, and psychological means. Citizenship is tied to power, as citizens enjoy rights that allow them to participate in democracy and exercise power, along with
The document discusses the Philippine government and constitution. It covers the following key points:
1. It outlines the basic concepts of political science and the study of the state and government. It also discusses the scope and functions of political science.
2. It describes the basic concepts of the state, including the elements of the state, theories on the origin of the state, and the inherent powers of the state.
3. It discusses the Philippine government throughout history, including the pre-Spanish, Spanish colonial, revolutionary, American, Japanese occupation, and provisional periods. It examines the different forms of government that existed during these times.
4. It analyzes the key concepts and parts of the constitution,
Political Science is the study of how power is achieved, shared and used in governance and global relations. It examines concepts like the state, government, politics, and authority. The discipline aims to understand principles of public affairs and help address social issues.
In politics, a regime (also known as "régime", from the original French spelling) is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.
The document discusses the key concepts and areas of study in linguistics and political science. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language, including morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. It also discusses the goals of linguistics in understanding how language works. For political science, it notes that it is the study of systems of government and political behavior. It discusses key political concepts like politics, governance, and sovereignty. It also outlines different types of governments such as democracy, dictatorship, and monarchy.
Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority within a territory. It is embodied in the state as the political institution. Sovereignty implies having supreme and unlimited power without being accountable to any external entity. There are different types and aspects of sovereignty including internal sovereignty over citizens and external sovereignty implying independence from foreign control. John Austin's theory defines sovereignty as a determinate human superior who receives habitual obedience from the bulk of society and is not in the habit of obedience to another like superior. Power refers to the ability to influence or control others and can take different forms like reward, coercive, expert and referent power. Authority is power that is seen as legitimate by both the ruler and the ruled, and can be rational-
The document provides an overview of key concepts in Philippine political science and constitution, including:
1) It defines political science as the study of the state, government, and politics. It discusses the basic concepts of order, power, and justice in politics.
2) It then covers the Philippine constitution, noting that the country has had 4 constitutions - in 1899, 1935, 1973, and 1987. It provides a brief overview of the key aspects and principles of the 1987 constitution.
3) Finally, it discusses the structure of the Philippine legislature as bicameral, with qualifications for senators and representatives. It also covers the party-list system for representation of sectoral groups.
This document provides an overview of the study of political science. It discusses the definition of political science, approaches like political philosophy, comparative politics, and international relations. Political science is concerned with the study of the state, government, and politics. It deals with theories of politics and analysis of political systems and behavior. Political philosophy refers to beliefs about politics, liberty, justice and the role of government. The document also outlines different forms of government and elements that comprise a state. It describes approaches like positivism and behavioralism used in political science.
Lesson 1 philippine politics and governancekenny auxilio
This document discusses Philippine politics and governance. It defines key political science concepts like politics, the state, legitimacy, governance and ideology. It also outlines the different branches of government - executive, legislative and judicial. The three basic attitudes toward politics are described as active participation, rejection and indifference. The document provides an overview of political science topics for understanding Philippine politics.
The document discusses key concepts in political science, including:
1) It defines political science as the study of the state, its principles and ideals, and the involvement of people in the political community.
2) It outlines the main areas of focus in political science - political theory, public law, and public administration.
3) It explains that the goals of studying political science include education for citizenship, liberal education, and gaining knowledge and understanding of government.
Patrimonial politics poses a threat to democracy and good governance in Pakistan. Patrimonialism is a form of governance where all power flows directly from the leader, who treats public and private matters as personal. This contrasts with democratic systems that have clear rules, accountability, transparency and equal treatment of citizens. In Pakistan, patrimonialism is seen in political dynasties that have held power for multiple generations. This has undermined leadership transitions, political participation, rule of law and responsiveness. To overcome this challenge, reforms are needed to promote intra-party democracy, political culture, participation of all citizens in politics, training common people, limiting family politics through legal and constitutional reforms, and strengthening institutions over personalities.
Patrimonial politics poses a threat to democracy and good governance in Pakistan. Patrimonialism is a form of governance where all power flows directly from the leader, who treats public and private matters as personal. This contrasts with democratic systems that have clear rules, accountability, transparency and equal treatment of citizens. In Pakistan, patrimonialism is seen in political dynasties that have held power for multiple generations. This has undermined leadership transitions, political participation, rule of law and responsiveness. To overcome this challenge, reforms are needed to promote intra-party democracy, political culture, participation of all citizens in politics, training common people, limiting family politics through legal and constitutional reforms, and strengthening institutions over personalities.
How philosophy is related to political scienceAmjad Haq
Philosophy is the study of fundamental problems involving reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It comes from the Greek word meaning "love of wisdom". Political science is a social science that studies the state, government, and politics using empirical and scientific methods. It examines state institutions and organs. While political science focuses on studying political facts and values, philosophy more broadly studies ideas, values, and human behavior across social, economic, political, cultural, religious, and educational dimensions. Political science seeks to answer questions about what governments are and should do, while philosophy inquires into why governments are needed and what rights they should protect.
The document discusses 5 main approaches to political science: historical, comparative, inductive, deductive, and observational. It also outlines 10 images of politics in the Philippines, including boardroom politics, bureaucratic politics, congress politics, chief executive politics, court-room politics, multimedia politics, faith-based politics, military politics, civil society politics, and unnamed political factors. The document concludes by discussing the value of political science in developing citizenship, civic values, and career preparation.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science and governance, including:
1) It defines political science as the systematic study of the state and government, and outlines its main areas of focus.
2) It discusses essential elements of the state like the people, territory, government, and sovereignty, explaining their meanings under the Philippine constitution.
3) It covers theories of state origins and the development of political science as an academic discipline, citing thinkers like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber.
4) It distinguishes between concepts like citizenship and nationality, and the differences between a nation and state.
A process by which group of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running a governmental or state affairs.
The document summarizes key concepts in the study of political science. It defines political science as the systematic study of the state and government. It outlines the scope of political science to include political theory, public law, international law, and public administration. It discusses why students should study political science, including for citizenship education and understanding government. It also defines concepts like the state, origins of states, differences between states and nations versus governments, and different forms of government.
The document defines key concepts in social studies. A constitution establishes the rules and powers of a political entity. Forms of government include diarchy (rule by two leaders), democracy (rule by the people), aristocracy (rule by an elite class), corporatism, communist state, and despotism. A state is a territory or administrative district of a nation defined by its attributes. Diarchy involves two heads of state typically passing power through family lines. Democracy involves government by elected representatives of the people. Aristocracy places power in the hands of a high-status class traditionally with lands, money, and power who lead the country.
Political science examines politics from several perspectives including as consensus and compromise between groups, as a struggle for power and resources, and as the art of governing a state or society. Key terms in political science include political process, political institutions, political situations, and political dynamics. Political science studies politics using various methodologies like historical, comparative, and scientific methods. The discipline has grown from studying the polis or city-state to examining larger states and now takes new approaches like political economy.
This document provides an introduction to the field of political science. It defines political science as the systematic study of state and government, a social science that examines how human beings organize themselves politically. The document outlines the scope of political science, including political theory, public law, and public administration. It also defines key concepts like the state, government, and sovereignty. The state is defined as a community with a territory, people, government, and sovereignty. Several theories on the origin of the state are discussed, including natural, patriarchal, force, divine right, and social contract theories. The document concludes by distinguishing between a state and a nation.
Goal of the modern state! Political science.Bakhtawar Khan
The document discusses the goal of the modern state. It defines the state and explains different views on its role and nature. Specifically:
1) It provides definitions of the state from various political scientists and schools of thought.
2) It explains the concept of the modern state, noting it offers protection, order, justice, and facilitates trade in exchange for citizen loyalty.
3) The goal of the modern state is to create conditions for free individual growth, maintain peace and order, and promote general welfare, while respecting civil liberties.
4) In conclusion, the document notes that while books debate what states should and shouldn't do, the dignity of citizens should be given due weight as states are
Political science began as early as Aristotle, who wrote "Politics" and was considered the "Father of Political Science". It developed through religious, metaphysical, and modern stages. It is now recognized as a science due to its use of empirical methods and theory-building. Political science involves the study of the state, political theory, institutions, groups, international relations, and aims to understand principles of governance and critique government.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and political systems. It defines a state as a body of people living in a politically defined territory with the power to make and enforce laws without consent from a higher authority. Governments came about for several reasons, including forming a more perfect union and establishing justice. There are multiple theories for how governments originated, such as through force, evolution from simpler groups, divine right of rulers, or a social contract. Governments can be classified based on who holds power (democracy, dictatorship), the distribution of geographic power (unitary, federal, confederate), and the relationship between legislative and executive branches (presidential, parliamentary).
Community colleges have grown rapidly since WWII and now serve 33% of US higher education students. They are responsive to local community needs and serve nontraditional students. In the 1980s, enrollment growth slowed as the student population changed. However, community colleges adapted by offering retraining programs and increasing flexibility. They have also strengthened transfer pathways to 4-year schools and diversified their faculty. Moving forward, community colleges are expected to play a larger role in serving underrepresented groups and addressing teacher shortages through lateral entry programs in partnership with other institutions.
This document discusses strategies for effectively recruiting new students. It recommends reaching prospective students through a variety of preferred venues and capturing their interest by making the college experience feel real and personal. Recruiters must accommodate different communication styles and stratify their messages for different audiences. They should also consider recruiting efforts to reach diverse groups of students like home-schooled students and non-traditional students to boost retention rates. Having an appealing, multi-functional website that is linked everywhere prospective students are online is also recommended.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in Philippine political science and constitution, including:
1) It defines political science as the study of the state, government, and politics. It discusses the basic concepts of order, power, and justice in politics.
2) It then covers the Philippine constitution, noting that the country has had 4 constitutions - in 1899, 1935, 1973, and 1987. It provides a brief overview of the key aspects and principles of the 1987 constitution.
3) Finally, it discusses the structure of the Philippine legislature as bicameral, with qualifications for senators and representatives. It also covers the party-list system for representation of sectoral groups.
This document provides an overview of the study of political science. It discusses the definition of political science, approaches like political philosophy, comparative politics, and international relations. Political science is concerned with the study of the state, government, and politics. It deals with theories of politics and analysis of political systems and behavior. Political philosophy refers to beliefs about politics, liberty, justice and the role of government. The document also outlines different forms of government and elements that comprise a state. It describes approaches like positivism and behavioralism used in political science.
Lesson 1 philippine politics and governancekenny auxilio
This document discusses Philippine politics and governance. It defines key political science concepts like politics, the state, legitimacy, governance and ideology. It also outlines the different branches of government - executive, legislative and judicial. The three basic attitudes toward politics are described as active participation, rejection and indifference. The document provides an overview of political science topics for understanding Philippine politics.
The document discusses key concepts in political science, including:
1) It defines political science as the study of the state, its principles and ideals, and the involvement of people in the political community.
2) It outlines the main areas of focus in political science - political theory, public law, and public administration.
3) It explains that the goals of studying political science include education for citizenship, liberal education, and gaining knowledge and understanding of government.
Patrimonial politics poses a threat to democracy and good governance in Pakistan. Patrimonialism is a form of governance where all power flows directly from the leader, who treats public and private matters as personal. This contrasts with democratic systems that have clear rules, accountability, transparency and equal treatment of citizens. In Pakistan, patrimonialism is seen in political dynasties that have held power for multiple generations. This has undermined leadership transitions, political participation, rule of law and responsiveness. To overcome this challenge, reforms are needed to promote intra-party democracy, political culture, participation of all citizens in politics, training common people, limiting family politics through legal and constitutional reforms, and strengthening institutions over personalities.
Patrimonial politics poses a threat to democracy and good governance in Pakistan. Patrimonialism is a form of governance where all power flows directly from the leader, who treats public and private matters as personal. This contrasts with democratic systems that have clear rules, accountability, transparency and equal treatment of citizens. In Pakistan, patrimonialism is seen in political dynasties that have held power for multiple generations. This has undermined leadership transitions, political participation, rule of law and responsiveness. To overcome this challenge, reforms are needed to promote intra-party democracy, political culture, participation of all citizens in politics, training common people, limiting family politics through legal and constitutional reforms, and strengthening institutions over personalities.
How philosophy is related to political scienceAmjad Haq
Philosophy is the study of fundamental problems involving reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It comes from the Greek word meaning "love of wisdom". Political science is a social science that studies the state, government, and politics using empirical and scientific methods. It examines state institutions and organs. While political science focuses on studying political facts and values, philosophy more broadly studies ideas, values, and human behavior across social, economic, political, cultural, religious, and educational dimensions. Political science seeks to answer questions about what governments are and should do, while philosophy inquires into why governments are needed and what rights they should protect.
The document discusses 5 main approaches to political science: historical, comparative, inductive, deductive, and observational. It also outlines 10 images of politics in the Philippines, including boardroom politics, bureaucratic politics, congress politics, chief executive politics, court-room politics, multimedia politics, faith-based politics, military politics, civil society politics, and unnamed political factors. The document concludes by discussing the value of political science in developing citizenship, civic values, and career preparation.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science and governance, including:
1) It defines political science as the systematic study of the state and government, and outlines its main areas of focus.
2) It discusses essential elements of the state like the people, territory, government, and sovereignty, explaining their meanings under the Philippine constitution.
3) It covers theories of state origins and the development of political science as an academic discipline, citing thinkers like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber.
4) It distinguishes between concepts like citizenship and nationality, and the differences between a nation and state.
A process by which group of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running a governmental or state affairs.
The document summarizes key concepts in the study of political science. It defines political science as the systematic study of the state and government. It outlines the scope of political science to include political theory, public law, international law, and public administration. It discusses why students should study political science, including for citizenship education and understanding government. It also defines concepts like the state, origins of states, differences between states and nations versus governments, and different forms of government.
The document defines key concepts in social studies. A constitution establishes the rules and powers of a political entity. Forms of government include diarchy (rule by two leaders), democracy (rule by the people), aristocracy (rule by an elite class), corporatism, communist state, and despotism. A state is a territory or administrative district of a nation defined by its attributes. Diarchy involves two heads of state typically passing power through family lines. Democracy involves government by elected representatives of the people. Aristocracy places power in the hands of a high-status class traditionally with lands, money, and power who lead the country.
Political science examines politics from several perspectives including as consensus and compromise between groups, as a struggle for power and resources, and as the art of governing a state or society. Key terms in political science include political process, political institutions, political situations, and political dynamics. Political science studies politics using various methodologies like historical, comparative, and scientific methods. The discipline has grown from studying the polis or city-state to examining larger states and now takes new approaches like political economy.
This document provides an introduction to the field of political science. It defines political science as the systematic study of state and government, a social science that examines how human beings organize themselves politically. The document outlines the scope of political science, including political theory, public law, and public administration. It also defines key concepts like the state, government, and sovereignty. The state is defined as a community with a territory, people, government, and sovereignty. Several theories on the origin of the state are discussed, including natural, patriarchal, force, divine right, and social contract theories. The document concludes by distinguishing between a state and a nation.
Goal of the modern state! Political science.Bakhtawar Khan
The document discusses the goal of the modern state. It defines the state and explains different views on its role and nature. Specifically:
1) It provides definitions of the state from various political scientists and schools of thought.
2) It explains the concept of the modern state, noting it offers protection, order, justice, and facilitates trade in exchange for citizen loyalty.
3) The goal of the modern state is to create conditions for free individual growth, maintain peace and order, and promote general welfare, while respecting civil liberties.
4) In conclusion, the document notes that while books debate what states should and shouldn't do, the dignity of citizens should be given due weight as states are
Political science began as early as Aristotle, who wrote "Politics" and was considered the "Father of Political Science". It developed through religious, metaphysical, and modern stages. It is now recognized as a science due to its use of empirical methods and theory-building. Political science involves the study of the state, political theory, institutions, groups, international relations, and aims to understand principles of governance and critique government.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and political systems. It defines a state as a body of people living in a politically defined territory with the power to make and enforce laws without consent from a higher authority. Governments came about for several reasons, including forming a more perfect union and establishing justice. There are multiple theories for how governments originated, such as through force, evolution from simpler groups, divine right of rulers, or a social contract. Governments can be classified based on who holds power (democracy, dictatorship), the distribution of geographic power (unitary, federal, confederate), and the relationship between legislative and executive branches (presidential, parliamentary).
Community colleges have grown rapidly since WWII and now serve 33% of US higher education students. They are responsive to local community needs and serve nontraditional students. In the 1980s, enrollment growth slowed as the student population changed. However, community colleges adapted by offering retraining programs and increasing flexibility. They have also strengthened transfer pathways to 4-year schools and diversified their faculty. Moving forward, community colleges are expected to play a larger role in serving underrepresented groups and addressing teacher shortages through lateral entry programs in partnership with other institutions.
This document discusses strategies for effectively recruiting new students. It recommends reaching prospective students through a variety of preferred venues and capturing their interest by making the college experience feel real and personal. Recruiters must accommodate different communication styles and stratify their messages for different audiences. They should also consider recruiting efforts to reach diverse groups of students like home-schooled students and non-traditional students to boost retention rates. Having an appealing, multi-functional website that is linked everywhere prospective students are online is also recommended.
The freshman class of 2009 at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville consisted of 3717 new full-time students and 19 part-time students. The class was 50.39% male and 49.61% female. The racial demographics showed an increase in diversity, with 81% identifying as white, 10% African American, 3.7% Asian, and 2.3% Hispanic. The average ACT score was 26.4, above the national average. Most freshmen were 18 years old, had a high school GPA between 3.0-3.5, and were Tennessee residents. The three largest colleges that freshmen enrolled in were Arts & Sciences, Undeclared, and Business Administration.
The document discusses key processes for executing projects, including acquiring and developing the project team through training and rewards, managing communications through interactive, push, and pull methods, and conducting procurement by obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and administering contracts to complete portions of the project work.
The professional bureaucracy is characterized by standardized work processes and decentralized decision making. Professionals such as teachers, doctors, and case workers work independently with their clients but coordinate with their peers. Their work is governed by standards set by external organizations. While work processes are complex, professionals exercise judgment within established guidelines. Administrators organize professionals by client type and coordinate their work while respecting professional autonomy. Attempts to impose external controls can undermine professional standards and dampen innovation. Gradual change through professional associations may be most effective.
- A task force is a temporary organizational structure formed to accomplish a specific, well-defined, and complex task involving multiple sub-units. Members serve until the goal is achieved, then the task force disbands.
- A task force draws on expertise from different departments to guide decision making and ensure all perspectives are considered. It turns the operation into a cooperative effort with more chances of success.
- A permanent committee facilitates diverse inputs like a task force but also has the stability of a matrix structure. It oversees critical functions and brings different perspectives into top-level decision making.
Justice refers to fairness and equality under the law. It is a complex concept with various understandings and definitions. The document discusses definitions of justice, types of justice including distributive, compensatory, retributive, and social justice. It also examines the criminal justice system as consisting of five pillars - law enforcement, prosecution, judiciary, corrections, and community involvement - working together to investigate crimes, prosecute offenders, and rehabilitate criminals.
The document discusses the sources of funds for the National Government which include tax revenues, non-tax revenues, borrowings, and withdrawals from cash balances. It provides details on different types of taxes and non-tax revenues. It also explains the purpose of government borrowings from domestic and foreign sources. The document then discusses the different dimensions of the national budget such as sectors, cost structures, expense classes, major recipients, and regional allocations. It concludes by outlining the process of creating pork barrel funds through the preparation, authorization, and execution of the national budget.
PPG week 1&2.pptx philippine politics and governanceKIPAIZAGABAWA1
Here is an explanation of the connection between politics and political science:
- Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to groups of people and exercising power within a community or organization. It involves social relations involving authority or power.
- Political science is the academic study of politics and government. It is a social science discipline that deals with systems of governance and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, political behaviors, and political systems.
- Political science analyzes and studies politics as it occurs in the real world. It seeks to understand, explain, and predict political phenomena using scientific methods.
- So in essence, politics is the practical aspect of governing and exercising power, while political science is the academic study of politics
This document discusses concepts related to states, governments, and political authority. It defines a state as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government maintaining a monopoly on legitimate use of force within a territory. Governments are systems that govern organized communities, often with the purpose of providing services like law, military, education. Max Weber identified three types of legitimate political authority: traditional (based on long-established customs), legal-rational (based on established laws and rules), and charismatic (based on an individual's extraordinary personal qualities).
PHILIPPINE GOVT AND POLITICS W CONSTI.docOliviaAlmazan
This document discusses the concepts of politics and government. It defines politics as the process of collective decision making and the allocation of scarce resources, which often involves conflict. Government is defined as the institution that makes and enforces rules to enable society to function. The key forms of government discussed are monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, unitary, and federal systems. The document also defines the state and its core elements as territory, sovereignty, government, and people.
This section protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants be issued only upon a determination of probable cause by a judge based on sworn testimony. Warrants cannot be issued for any purpose without demonstrating probable cause. This enshrines protections against arbitrary government intrusion into people's privacy in their persons, homes, documents, and possessions.
Political Science is the study of how power is achieved, shared and used in governance and global relations. It examines concepts like the state, government, politics, and authority. The discipline aims to understand principles of public affairs and help address social issues.
This section protects people's right against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants issued only upon probable cause determined personally by a judge. It aims to prevent arbitrary intrusion by the government into people's privacy.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science, including definitions of political science, the state, government, and constitution. It discusses the correlates and origins of political science. The state is defined as having four essential elements: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. Several theories are outlined on the origin of the state, including the divine, necessity, paternalistic, and social contract theories. The functions and forms of government are also summarized. Key concepts like sovereignty, eminent domain, and taxation are explained in the context of the inherent powers of the state. The document then provides definitions and discussions of concepts like nation, constitution, bill of rights, and separation of church and state.
Government is made up of three main components: people in elected positions of power and authority, the legislative, executive, and judicial powers granted to government, and the policies and decisions made by government. A key function of government is to maintain order, ensure national security, resolve conflicts, provide services to citizens, and work for the public good. Most modern governments are organized as either unitary systems with centralized power or federal systems that divide power between national and regional levels.
This document discusses different forms of government and political systems. It begins by defining key concepts like the state, authority, legitimacy, and power. It then describes different forms of government like autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. It discusses how power is acquired, exercised and maintained in different systems. The document also examines political institutions and processes in the Philippines, including the Marcos martial law era and several coup attempts in the post-Marcos period. Key causes of political instability are identified.
Political Science is the study of power and governance. It examines how power is achieved, shared, and used through government institutions and in relations between states. Key topics include political theory, public law, and public administration. The goal is to understand principles of good governance and how to address issues of public concern.
The document discusses concepts related to government and political systems, including:
1) It defines the state as distinct from society and explains how the need for the state arose from groups realizing centralized authority was beneficial.
2) It outlines three main forms of government - autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy - and provides brief definitions and examples of each.
3) It explains various sources of legitimacy and authority for governments, including tradition, legal rationality, and charisma, and how influence and the struggle for power relate to these concepts.
The document discusses the concepts of political society, government, authority, and corruption. It defines political society as a group of people living in a territory with independence to better the lives of its members. A government or state is the administrative structure that coordinates society to achieve common goals for the citizens. Authority is the power to organize and direct a group, and is derived from knowledge and wisdom. Corruption occurs when public officials abuse their power for private gain, undermining the purposes of government. The document examines different forms of corruption and their negative effects on politics, economics, and society. It also discusses conditions like lack of transparency, accountability, and controls that enable corruption to thrive.
The document discusses various theories of sovereignty. It begins by defining sovereignty and providing different definitions from sources like Bodin, Grotius, and Soltau. It then summarizes the essential elements of sovereignty according to these definitions. The document goes on to discuss theories of sovereignty from different perspectives, including Marxist theory, Salmond's theory, Austin's theory, and theories related to federal constitutions. It analyzes concepts of sovereignty from these different lenses and discusses debates around the concept.
Government refers to the body that governs and controls a state, while governance is the process of governing or ruling through laws and regulations. There are two types of governments - democratic and autocratic. Governance involves three types - political, economic, and administrative. Key actors in governance are the state, civil society including non-governmental organizations, and the market or those governed. Governance aims to enable citizens rather than directly manage resources.
This document provides an overview of a political science and government course. It describes the course content which includes basic concepts of political science and how they apply to the Philippines. It covers the study of the Philippine government, citizens' rights and responsibilities, and the three branches of government. The objectives are for students to understand citizens' rights and roles, the government's role in nation-building, and knowledge of the Philippine constitution. Key topics covered include politics, the state, law, citizenship and suffrage.
Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 7.pptxWendilDacles
This document discusses state and non-state institutions. It defines a state as a political community that occupies a territory and has an organized government that can make and enforce laws. Key functions of the state include maintaining control, allocating resources, and being a focus of identity. Non-state institutions include banks, corporations, cooperatives, trade unions, advocacy groups, and development agencies. There can be both cooperation and conflict between state and non-state institutions as they influence society.
The President of Colombia is elected by direct popular vote. To be eligible, one must be a native born Colombian in full possession of their political rights. As the head of the executive branch, the President directs the government and oversees its branches. They appoint governors, cabinet members, and heads of national territories. The President also has appointive powers over commissions composed of experts that occasionally play an important role in policymaking.
This document defines key concepts related to government and political systems. It begins by defining what a government is and its main components: people, power, and policy. It then discusses the definition of a state and the key elements that make a state: a population, territory, sovereignty, and a government. It also covers different types of governments like unitary, federal, and confederate systems. The document contrasts presidential and parliamentary forms of government. It concludes by discussing principles of government like popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and checks and balances.
Political science is the study of the state, government, and politics. It examines how individuals associate into political communities and how those communities are governed. The scope of political science includes political theory, public law, and public administration. It is interrelated with other social sciences like history, economics, geography, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. The goals of studying political science include gaining knowledge and understanding of citizenship, government, and liberal education. A state is defined as a political community occupying a territory with its own government and sovereignty. States are distinguished from nations and governments. Governments are necessary to advance public welfare and consequences arise in their absence. Forms of government vary based on who exercises sovereign power and the relationship between branches
C:\Documents And Settings\Gabriel Villanueva\Mis Documentos\The PresidentGEVD
The document is a concept map about the president of Colombia. It discusses:
1. The conditions to elect a president in Colombia including being elected by direct popular vote, being a native born Colombian citizen, having political rights and a university education.
2. The functions of the president including being the head of state and appointing heads of the national territories, governors, cabinet members, and administrative agencies.
3. How the executive branch was strengthened in the 1980s by appointing commissions composed of representatives from political parties, government, and interest groups to promote decentralization and staff agencies with technocrats.
2. s the authority granted by a constituency to act as its
representative
he concept of a government having a legitimate mandate to
govern via the fair winning of a democratic election is a central
idea of democracy.
ew governments who attempt to introduce policies that they
did not make public during an election campaign are said to not
have a legitimate mandate to implement such policies.
3. n international law, a mandate is a binding obligation
issued from an inter-governmental organization (e.g.
the United Nations) to a country which is bound to
follow the instructions of the organization.
n Christian theology, a mandate is an order given from
God that must be obeyed without question.
4. he Mandate of Heaven is based on four leading ideas:
The right to rule is granted by Heaven.
There can be only one legitimate ruler.
The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler and his good
performance as a steward for Heaven.
The right to rule may be passed down from father to son, but only
on the conditions established above. Once the Mandate is lost, the
will of Heaven towards a successor will only be known by the
working out of the imponderable force of events in human history.
5. t asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly
authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the
will of God
he king is thus not subject to the will of his people,
the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm,
including the Church
nly God can judge an unjust king
6. ny attempt to depose the king or to restrict his powers
runs contrary to the will of God and may constitute a
sacrilegious act
7.
8. efined as the supreme power of the state to command and
enforce obedience to its will from people within its
jurisdiction and corollarily, to have freedom from foreign
control.
t implies the supreme authority to govern. As the State in
whom sovereignty resides, the people have the right to
constitute their own government, to change it, and to
define its jurisdiction and powers.
9. t is also the quality of having supreme, independent
authority over a geographic area, such as a territory
n international law, sovereignty means that a
government possesses full control over affairs within a
territorial or geographical area or limit
10. e jure or legal sovereignty concerns the expressed and
institutionally recognized right to exercise control over a territory.
e facto or actual sovereignty
is the ability to carry out various functions of the state and is
concerned with whether control in fact exists
hen control is practiced predominately by military or police force it is
considered coercive sovereignty
11. nternal sovereignty
is the relationship between a sovereign power and its own
subjects.
A central concern is legitimacy: by what right does a
government exercise authority
A state that has internal sovereignty is one with a
government that has been elected by the people and has
the popular legitimacy
examines the internal affairs of a state and how it operates
12. t is important to have strong internal sovereignty in
relation to keeping order and peace
he presence of a strong authority allows you to keep
agreement and enforce sanctions for the violation of
laws
13. xternal sovereignty
concerns the relationship between a sovereign power and other
states.
is in line with questions of international law, such as: when, if
ever, is intervention by one country onto another's territory
permissible
May be recognized even when the sovereign body possesses no
territory or its territory is under partial or total occupation by
another power.
14. hared Sovereignty
the office of the head of state can be vested jointly in several persons
within a state, the sovereign jurisdiction over a single political territory
can be shared jointly by two or more consenting powers, notably in
the form of a condominium.
A small area on the Arabian Peninsula is jointly ruled by Oman and the
Emirati member state of Ajman.
The Moselle River, and its tributaries the Sauer and the Our, comprise
a condominium between Luxembourg and Germany, who share
bridges and at least the tip of one island (near Schengen).
Egypt from 1876-1882, under France and the United Kingdom
15. ederation
In a federal system of government, sovereignty also refers to
powers which a constituent state or republic possesses
independently of the national government
In a confederation constituent entities retain the right to
withdraw from the national body, but in a federation member
states or republics do not hold that right
16. Different interpretations of state sovereignty in the United States of
America, as it related to the expansion of slavery and Fugitive slave
laws, led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.
Depending on the particular issue, sometimes the North and other
times the South justified their political positions by appealing to
state sovereignty. Fearing that slavery would be threatened by
federal election results, eleven states declared their independence
from the federal Union and formed a new confederation. The United
States government rejected the secessions as rebellion, declaring
that secession from the Union by an individual state was
unconstitutional, as the states were part of an indissolvable
federation.
18. ystem of laws, regulatory measures, courses of
action, and funding priorities concerning a given topic
promulgated by a governmental entity or its
representatives
s commonly embodied in constitutions, legislative
acts, and judicial decisions.
19. ublic policy is a purposive and consistent course of
action produced as a response to a perceived problem
of a constituency, formulated by a specific political
process, and adopted, implemented, and enforced by
a public agency.
20. econciling conflicting claims for scarce resources
Encouraging or fostering cooperation that would
probably not occur without government influence or
encouragement
Prohibiting morally unacceptable behavior
Protecting the rights of individuals
roviding direct benefits to citizens
21. ) Public Policies are goal oriented.
Public policies are formulated and implemented in order to attain the
objectives which the government has in view for the ultimate benefit
of the masses in general. These policies clearly spell out the programs
of government.
) Public policy is the outcome of the government's collective actions.
It means that it is a pattern or course of activity or' the governmental
officials and actors in a collective sense than being termed as their
discrete and segregated decisions.
22. ) Public policy is what the government actually decides or chooses to do.
It is the relationship of the government units to the specific field of
political environment in a given administrative system. It can take a
variety of forms like law, ordinances, court decisions, executive orders,
decisions etc.
) Public policy is positive
it depicts the concern of the government and involves its action to a
particular problem on which the policy is made.
It has the sanction of law and authority behind it. Negatively, it involves
decisions by the governmental officials regarding not taking any action
on a particular issue.
23.
24. re analytical tools for understanding, explaining, and
making predictions about a given subject matter
ay be expressed mathematically, symbolically, or in
common language, but are generally expected to
follow principles of rational thought or logic.
25. CLASSICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY
Scientific Management approach
Weber's Bureaucratic approach
Administrative theory
26. • NEOCLASSICAL THEORY
• MODERN ORGANIZATION THEORY
Systems approach
Socio-technical approach
Contingency or Situational approach
27. aylor's principles of scientific management
Science, not rule-of-thumb;
Scientific selection of the worker
Management and labour cooperation rather than
conflict
Scientific training of workers
29. ayol's principles of management: Administrative theory
ivision of work (specialization)
uthority and responsibility
iscipline
nity of command
nity of direction
ubordination of individual interest
emuneration of personnel
entralization
calar chain
rder
quity
30. rinciples of the neoclassical approach
INDIVIDUAL
WORK GROUP
PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
31. haracteristics of modern approaches to the
organization
Systems viewpoint
Dynamic process of interaction
Multi-levelled and multidimensional
Multi-motivated
Probabilistic
Multidisciplinary
Descriptive
Multivariable
Adaptive
32. Modern approaches to organization: The systems approach
COMPONENTS
The individual
The formal and informal organization
Patterns of behavior
Role perception
The physical environment
LINKING PROCESSES
Communication
Balance
Decision analysis
GOALS OF ORGANIZATION
Growth
Stability
Interaction
33. philosophical and theoretical framework of a
scientific school or discipline within which theories,
laws, and generalizations and the experiments
performed in support of them are formulated
efers to the set of practices that define a scientific
discipline at any particular period of time.
34. homas Kuhn defines a scientific paradigm as: "universally
recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide
model problems and solutions for a community of
researchers", i.e.,
what is to be observed and scrutinized
the kind of questions that are supposed to be asked and probed for
answers in relation to this subject
how these questions are to be structured
how the results of scientific investigations should be interpreted
how is an experiment to be conducted, and what equipment is available
to conduct the experiment.
35. s early as the 14th Century the
Italian poet Dante wrote of the
“universality of man” and
envisioned a unified world state
mmanuel Kant argued that doing
good was an end unto itself rather
than a means to some other end
36. ope to minimize conflict and maximize cooperation
among nations
ocus attention on legal-formal aspects of international
relations, such as international law and international
organizations
lso focus on moral concerns such as human rights
37. hile realists are just as interested as idealists in conflict
management, realists are less optimistic about the
effectiveness of international law and organization and
about the extent of international cooperation that is
possible
ealists view international relations almost exclusively as a
“struggle for power” among competing nation-states
States, like human beings, have an innate desire to dominate
others
38. he ultimate goal of all countries is security in a hostile,
anarchic environment
ealist policies are determined by power calculations in
pursuit of national security
Countries satisfied with their situation tend to pursue the status
quo
Countries that are dissatisfied tend to be expansionist
Alliances are made and broken based on the requirements of
“realpolitik”
39. ealists focus on military strategy, the elements of
national power, and the nature of national interests
more so than international law and organization
rom WWII they learned that the way to prevent future
wars was a “balance of power” capable of deterring
would-be aggressors or on a “concert of powers”
willing to police the world
40. n the 16th Century Machiavelli had argued
in The Prince that:
“it is far better to be feared than loved”
“he ought not to quit good courses if he can
help it, but should know how to follow evil
courses if he must”
“he will prosper most whose mode of acting
best adapts itself to the character of the
times; and conversely that he will be
unprosperous, with whose mode of acting
the times do not accord”
41. ans Morgenthau is considered the
father of realism
Wrote Politics Among Nations in
1948
Stressed the virtues of the classical,
multipolar, balance of power
system and saw the bipolar rivalry
between the US and the USSR as
especially dangerous
42. he realist paradigm was very popular during
the Cold War
The US and the USSR competed in
everything
Military
Economics
Space race
Olympics
Alliances
43. homas Hobbes
Wrote the book Leviathan and
said that “Man by nature is
aggressive and greedy”
He espoused also that “might
makes right and the weak are
victimized”
44. iberalism (from the Latin liberalis) is a political ideology or
worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality
iberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their
understanding of these principles, but generally liberals
support ideas such as free markets, constitutionalism, liberal
democracy, free and fair elections, human rights and the free
exercise of religion.
45. reedom of speech
natural rights-
Life- not under anyone
Liberty- freedom to do things
Property- freedom to own things
gainst absolute power
46. eveloped during the enlightenment period
ohn Locke
rose during French revolution
47. • John Locke - developer of
political liberalism
dam Smith – developer of free trade market
(economic liberalism)
ree market- government can’t interfere with
the market’s good price
48. rench revolution
Changes of government
American revolution
Decoration of Independence
for America
49. iberalism first became a powerful force in the Age of
Enlightenment, rejecting several foundational
assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of
government, such as nobility, established religion,
absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings.
50. s any ideology or political act far outside the
perceived political center of a society; or
otherwise claimed to violate common moral
standards
n democratic societies, individuals or groups
that advocate the replacement of
democracy with an authoritarian regime are
usually considered to be extremists
51. olitical agendas perceived as extremist often include
those from the far left or far right as well as
fundamentalism or fanaticism.
erm may also sometimes be associated with person(s)
who have different view(s) which is not consistent
with the existing norm(s)
52. t need not necessarily imply that the person is a threat
to the society or the government or any other agency,
but the underlying fact is that there is a totally new
and unique perception of the person about life,
politics or any other agenda.
53. s an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method
of socioeconomic inquiry centered upon a materialist
interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social
change, and an analysis–critique of the development of
capitalism.
n the early-to-mid 19th century, the intellectual
development of Marxism was pioneered by two German
philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
54. s an ideology, Marxism encompasses an economic
theory, a sociological theory, and a revolutionary view
of social change
55. arx believed that a truly utopian society must be
classless and stateless.
arx's main idea was simple:
Free the lower class from poverty and give the poor a fighting
chance.
In order to liberate the lower class, Marx believed that the
government would have to control all means of production so
that no one could outdo anyone else by making more money.
56. arx described three necessary phases toward achieving his idea of utopia.
hase 1: A revolution must take place in order to overthrow the existing
government. Marx emphasized the need for total destruction of the existing
system in order to move on to Phase 2.
hase 2: A dictator or elite leader (or leaders) must gain absolute control over
the proletariat. During this phase, the new government exerts absolute control
over the common citizen's personal choices -- including his or her education,
religion, employment and even marriage. Collectivization of property and
wealth must also take place.
57. hase 3: Achievement of utopia. This phase has never been
attained because it requires that all non-communists be
destroyed in order for the Communist Party to achieve
supreme equality. In a Marxist utopia, everyone would
happily share property and wealth, free from the
restrictions that class-based systems require. The
government would control all means of production so
that the one-class system would remain constant, with no
possibility of any middle class citizens rising back to the
top.
58. entral banking system
overnment controlled education
overnment controlled labor
overnment ownership of transportation and communication
vehicles
overnment ownership of agricultural means and factories
otal abolition of private property
roperty rights confiscation
59. s the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted,
practiced, embodied, or realized
ay also refer to the act of engaging, applying, exercising,
realizing, or practicing ideas
his has been a recurrent topic in the field of philosophy,
discussed in the writings of Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine,
Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, Karl Marx, Martin
Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Paulo Freire, and many others
60. efers to the process of putting theoretical knowledge
into practice, the strategic and organizational usage of
the word emphasizes the need for a constant cycle of
conceptualizing the meanings of what can be learned
from experience in order to reframe strategic and
operational models.