The document summarizes three leadership theories: 1. Managerial Grid Theory identifies five leadership styles based on concern for production and people. The optimal style is high concern for both. 2. Path-Goal Theory states that a leader's style should motivate employees by focusing on the task and environment. Directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented styles should be used. 3. Contingency Theory says a leader's effectiveness depends on matching their style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) to the situation based on relationships, task clarity, and authority. The LPC scale determines a leader's orientation.

1. Welcome

2. Mehenaz Sanjida Zaman
University of Dhaka

3. Managerial Grid Theory
Path-Goal Leadership Theory
Contingency Theory

4. “
Managerial Grid Theory
4
Developed by Robert Blake &
Jane Mouton (1960s)
Managerial Grid Identified five different leadership styles
based on the concern for people and the concern
for production. The optimal leadership style in this model
is based on “Theory Y”.

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5 styles of leadership
 Country club Leadership ( 1,9)
Low concern for production High concern for people
 Authority-Compliance Leadership (9,1)
High concern for production Low concern for people
 Impoverished Leadership (1,1)
Low concern for both people & production

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 Middle-of –the-Road Leadership (5.5)
Medium Concern for both people and production
 Team Leadership (9,9)
High concern for both production & people.
Continued…

8. Advantages of Managerial Grid theory
Grid training
aimed at
basically helping
leaders to reach
the ideal state of
(9,9)
Used to help the
manager to
understand
their leadership
style though Grid
Training
Helps manager
to identify how
they stand with
respect to their
concern for
production and
people.
8

9. Disadvantages of Managerial Grid Theory
This Ideal approach
may not be suit all
circumstances
Does not address the
Complexity of “ Which
Leadership style is best
?”
Ignores the importance
of internal and external
limits, matters and
scenario.
9

10. “
Path-Goal Leadership Theory
10
Introduce by Martin Evans (1970) and
Developed by House (1971)
The Path-Goal model is a theory based on specifying a
leader's style or behavior that best fits the employee and
work environment in order to achieve a goal. The goal is
to increase your employees' motivation, empowerment,
and satisfaction so they become productive members of
the organization.

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Major Components of Path-Goal Theory
Leadership style
Directive Leadership
Support Leadership
Participative Leadership
Achievement –Oriented
Leadership
Employee
Characteristics
Experience
Level of ability
Locus of control
Task &
Environmental
Characteristics
Design of the task
Formal Authority System
Work group.

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13. Advantages of Path-Goal Leadership theory
13
1.
Suitable for
emergencies and
situations where
there is a time
constraint.
2.
Attempts to integrate
the motivation
principles of
expectancy theory into
a theory of leadership.
3.
Highlights the
important ways
leaders help
subordinates.

14. Leader Behaviors
14
Directive
Leadership
Let the
employees know
what is expected
of them and tells
them how to
perform their
tasks.
Supportive
Leadership
They shows
concern for the
employees’
psychological well-
being and make
the work
environment more
pleasant and more
tolerant.
Participative
Leadership
Leaders
consulting with
employees and
asking for their
suggestions
before making a
decision.
Achievement-
oriented
Leadership
Leader who
challenges
subordinates to
perform work at
the highest level
possible.

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Disadvantages of Path-Goal Theory
1.
Empirical research studies
have demonstrated only
partial support for path-
goal theory.
2.
The method can fail if the
leader has flaws.
3.
It fails to adequately explain
the relationship between
leadership behavior and
worker motivation.

16. “
Contingency Leadership Theory
Fred Edward Fiedler (1967)
16
The contingency theory of leadership emphasizes
that the effectiveness of leadership is dependent
on matching a leader’s style to the right situation.
This theory assumes that styles of leadership
behavior cannot be influenced or modified.

17. Situations Defined by Contingency theory
17
In contingency theory the complex combination of three factors are:
Leader Member
Relation
Subordinates have
the trust, confidence
and feel adequately
motivated by their
supervisors.
Task Structure
The clarity of the
project or tasks to
follow.
Positional Power
The amount of
authority the leader
has to influence the
productivity of the
followers.

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Leadership Style
Task Oriented
Relationship
Oriented
Least Preferred Coworkers Scale
The LPC is a questionnaire for a leader that is
determining the kind of co-worker a leader would like to
work with. A high score in LPC indicates a “people
oriented” style while low score indicates “ task oriented”
style.

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Advantages of Contingency Leadership Theory
1.
Supported by vast amount
of empirical studies.
2.
A well defined method of
evaluate both LPC and
situations.
3.
Reduces the amount of
expectations from a
leader; instead it focuses
on matching leader to
task.

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Disadvantage of the contingency Theory
1.
Sometimes
mismatched
between the
leader and the
situation in the
work place.
2.
The LPC scale is
very debatable, it is
hard to understand
how evaluation of
a coworker can
reflect upon own
leadership style.
3.
The contingency
theory is not a
leadership
development
process.

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Thank You !