This document discusses different types of cancer therapy:
- Radical therapy aims to eliminate all cancer and potentially cure the patient through surgery, radiation, or systemic treatments.
- Adjuvant therapy is additional treatment after radical therapy to eliminate remaining cancer cells and increase the chance of cure.
- Neo-adjuvant therapy uses chemotherapy before surgery or radiation to shrink tumors and help other treatments work better.
- Palliative therapy controls cancer growth and symptoms but is not intended to cure, balancing treatment benefits with risks and quality of life.
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that patient receive will depend on the type of cancer, stage of cancer and how advanced it is.
Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer. More specifically, this therapy is administered to destruct cancer cells. However, it may also include some antibiotics along with other medications for treating severe infection or illness.
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that patient receive will depend on the type of cancer, stage of cancer and how advanced it is.
Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer. More specifically, this therapy is administered to destruct cancer cells. However, it may also include some antibiotics along with other medications for treating severe infection or illness.
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
Modified Sweat gland
Lies in the deep pectoral
fascia
Boundaries:
clavicle superiorly,
the lateral border of the latissimus muscle laterally,
the sternum medially
inframammary fold inferiorly
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
Modified Sweat gland
Lies in the deep pectoral
fascia
Boundaries:
clavicle superiorly,
the lateral border of the latissimus muscle laterally,
the sternum medially
inframammary fold inferiorly
Nikhil Wagle, MD, discusses new research and how it is leading the way toward improved treatments for ER+ metastatic breast cancer.
Wagle is a physician with the Breast Oncology Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber. He is also a researcher affiliated with Dana-Farber and the Broad Institute.
This presentation was originally given as part of the Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on Oct. 17, 2015 at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
Basic Principles of Chemotherapy administration .pptxMona Quenawy
basic principles of chemotherapy including the treatment aim by definitions. Types and classes of chemotherapeutic agents and drug combination idea and its side effects .how to proceed prior to administration
2. WHAT IS RADICAL THERAPY?
Potentially curative treatment e.g. surgical resection
and/or radical radiotherapy and/or systemic therapy
Aim is to eliminate bulk (macroscopic) disease and
any potential micrometastases and hence intent is to
cure
Must have measurable/evaluable disease to assess
response to therapy
Must balance potential benefits and risks carefully
but accept certain degree of toxicity as price for cure
and organ preservation
3. WHAT IS ADJUVANT THERAPY?
‘Back-up’ therapy after potentially curative treatment
e.g. surgical resection and/or radical radiotherapy
Aim is to eliminate micrometastases and hence
increase probability of cure
Based on probability of relapse of a population of
patients and not the individual
Must balance potential benefits and risks carefully as
some/many receiving therapy are not (as individuals)
truly at risk of disease relapse
4. WHAT IS NEO-ADJUVANT THERAPY?
Primary systemic therapy prior to potentially curative treatment
e.g. surgical resection and/or radical radiotherapy and/or
chemotherapy
Aim is to shrink the tumour bulk and facilitate the local therapy
(radical surgery/radiotherapy)
May also eliminate micrometastases and hence increase
probability of cure
Allows an assessment of the response to chemotherapy as can
assess changes in tumour size/markers etc
May be followed by the same or different chemotherapy regimen
in the adjuvant setting
5. WHAT IS PALLIATIVE THERAPY?
Aim is to stabilise or shrink bulk of metastases with
no potential for cure
Stabilisation as well as shrinkage may be a good
surrogate for symptom control, improved QOL and
longer survival which are the aims of therapy
Must balance potential benefits and risks carefully
including likely survival period, performance status,
co-morbidities, patient wishes etc
6. Surgery from
1600 BC
Radiation cure
in basal cell
skin cancer
1899
Cytotoxic
chemotherapy
experiments
early 1940s
“Magic bullet“ for
cancer treatment
1890s to early
1900s
Monoclonal antibodies
mid-1970s
Imatinib 2001 for
CML and GIST
Sorafenib and Sunitinib
2007 for HCC and
advanced RCC
IFN and high-
dose IL-2 early
1980s
Rituximab
1997
…ERA OF “MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY
PROGRESS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CANCER
Bevacizumab and
Cetuximab 2006 for CRC
Erlotinib 2006 for NSCLC
8. CANCERS REQUIRING CYTOTOXIC
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Breast cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Leukaemia
• Soft tissue/bone
sarcoma
• Lymphoma
• Ovarian cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Head & neck cancer
• Lung cancer
