There is a phrase: "Do not look at the jug, but what's inside". What does it means?

1. Management Fundamentals:
The Iceberg Model
Project Management Consulting
Yossi Barezer
April 2016

2. AGENDA
• Introduction
• The Iceberg Model Diagram
• Overview
• Finding the Root Cause
• General Examples - #1 & #2
• Behavioral Model - Ex.# 3
• Managerial Model - Ex.# 4

3. Introduction
• The model is called an Iceberg Model because
similar to an iceberg, there is more going on
than is seen
• In other words…
The hidden factors are what influencing the
individual behavior which reflected by the
actual results

4. The Iceberg Model Diagram
RESULTS/
ACTUAL BEHAVIORS
DRIVERS
OF BEHAVIORS
The ‘hidden’ area
represents the other 85% -
90% of the whole
The ‘surface’ represents
10% - 15% of the wholeAbove the Surface
Under the Surface

5. Overview
• You only ‘see and feel’ above the surface 10% - 15% of the whole
– Actual behavior/Result
• Thus, 85% - 90% of the data is below the surface
– Hidden data
• The hidden data directly effects actual individual behavior and
the results
• This model can be applied to various fields
• This lecture examines two key management behavioral models

6. Finding the Root Cause
• When you analyze a situation/result/status, you need to
put aside your assumptions and ask yourself:
Why is it happening this way?

7. Example #1
Why do you think the
roadrunner is running?

8. Is it running from the coyote?
Example #1

9. Or, is there something else…
Example #1

10. Why is the man running?
Example #2

11. Behavioral Model - Ex. #3
Actual Behavior
Motivation,
Experience
Knowledge,
Values,
Belief,
Fears,
Skills…
• Inner core (motivation, beliefs, values, etc.) directly impacts the
decision and the actual behaviors above the surface
• It is very difficult to change the inner core
• The goal is to pay attention to the actual
individual's behavior and then address the
inner core accordingly
• This will help to improve the individual's overall performance

12. Hard Skills
such planning
Soft Skills such
Communication,
Social
• Most processes focus on hard skills that can
be measured: planning, scheduling,
prioritizing, etc.
• Many managers are familiar with hard
skills; they manage and track them using
GANTT, excel, spreadsheets, etc.
• As a manager, you need to look at the
bigger picture and to identify how soft skills
will impact the overall project performance
• Then, provide alternate soft skills or
improve the specific behavior
Managerial Model - Ex. #4

13. Thank You