Management involves coordinating tasks and resources to achieve organizational goals. It includes setting strategy, coordinating staff efforts, and overseeing the seniority structure. Management combines aspects of both an art and a science. As an art, it requires personal skills that are developed through experience. As a science, it has a defined body of knowledge with universal principles that can be studied and tested. To be a profession, management must have a defined education and limit entry, assessing candidates through examinations. Key characteristics of management are that it is goal-oriented, pervasive across all organizations, a continuous process, and involves coordinating group activities to direct individual efforts toward shared objectives.

1. Management
By Prasam Dagariya

2. What is Management?
● Management is the coordination and administration of tasks
to achieve a goal. Such administration activities include
setting the organization’s strategy and coordinating the
efforts of staff to accomplish these objectives through the
application of available resources.
● Management can also refer to the seniority structure of staff
members within an organization.

3. Management as per Peter
Drucker
“Management is a multi-
purpose organ that manages
business and manages
managers and manages
workers and work."

4. Management as Art, Science, Profession
Management combines features of both science as well as
art. It is considered as a science because it has an organized
body of knowledge which contains certain universal truth. It is
called an art because managing requires certain skills which
are personal possessions of managers.

5. Management as an Art
● Art is the experienced and personal utilisation of subsisting
information to accomplish solicited outcomes.
● It can be procured via education, research and practice. As art is
involved with the personal utilisation of data some kind of
inventiveness and creativity is needed to follow the fundamental
systems acquired

6. Management as Science
Science is an organised collection of knowledge that emphasises definite
universal truths or the action of comprehensive laws. The central characteristics
of science are as follows:
● The organised body of knowledge: Science is a precise entity of
knowledge. Its systems are based on a purpose and consequence
association.
● Universal validity: Scientific conventions have global genuineness
and application.
● Systems based on experimentation: Scientific conventions are
originally formed via research and then tested via repeated trial and
error under the regulated situations.

7. Management as Profession
The profession can be described as an occupation upheld by specific education
and practice, in which entry is limited. A profession has the following features:
● The well-defined theory of knowledge: All services are based on a well-
defined form of education that can be procured through education.
● Restricted entry: The entrance to a profession is defined through an
examination or through obtaining an educational degree. For instance, to
become a chartered accountant in India an aspirant has to clear a detailed
examination regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
(ICAI).

8. Characteristics of Management
1. Goal-oriented
2. Pervasive
3. Continuous process
4. Group activity

9. 1. Goal oriented process
● An essential aspect of management is to combine individual efforts and
direct them towards achieving organisational goals.
● These goals differ from organisation to organisation. For example, an
organisation can have a profit motive whereas a social work
organisation might have a goal of eradicating illiteracy among children.
Management recognises these goals and aims to fulfil them.

10. 2. Pervasive
● Management is a requirement and essential for the functioning of all
kinds of organisations which are social, economical or political.
● Without management, the processes of an organisation would be chaotic
and unordered. Further, it is equally essential for organisations across all
countries. However, the only difference lies in the how management is
implemented within an organisation.

11. 3. Continuous process
● We now know that there are various functions of management.These are
planning, organising, directing, staffing and controlling.
● As a matter of fact, a manager performs all these functions
simultaneously. Although these functions are separate, management is
concerned with performing all of them simultaneously all the time.
● Consequently, management is a dynamic and continuous process.

12. 4. Group activity
● An organisation consists of a large number of individuals having different
reasons and purposes to join. Again these individual differ based on their
needs and behaviours. However, it is important to realise that these diverse
individuals work together towards the achievement of the organisational
goals. Management diverts the individual efforts towards the right
direction. Further, effective management enables all the individuals to grow
and develop as their needs and opportunities change.

13. Thank You